Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sobia Noreen, Irsah Maqbool, Asadullah Madni
Summary: Dexamethasone has been identified as a significant development in fighting COVID-19, reducing mortality rates among severe cases. This review examines the therapeutic potential and risks of dexamethasone during the COVID-19 pandemic.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Peter R. Kvietys, Hana. M. A. Fakhoury, Sana Kadan, Ahmed Yaqinuddin, Eid Al-Mutairy, Khaled Al-Kattan
Summary: Respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Overactive innate immune response is a major factor in ARDS development in COVID-19 patients. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can trigger immunothrombosis, resulting in blood vessel occlusion and ischemic damage.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Paul Morgan, Shareen J. Arnold, Nai-Wan Hsiao, Chih-Wen Shu
Summary: Cytokine storm refers to excessive production of inflammatory markers triggering autoimmune destruction and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Dexamethasone has shown potential to directly neutralize inflammatory markers and SARS-CoV-2 proteins, supporting its life-saving efficacy in severe COVID-19 cases.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vikas P. Sukhatme, Angela M. Reiersen, Sharat J. Vayttaden, Vidula V. Sukhatme
Summary: Fluvoxamine, a well-tolerated and widely available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has shown potential in preventing clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients in a small study. It functions through various mechanisms such as antiviral effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulation of coagulopathy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Amparo Blanch-Ruiz, Raquel Ortega-Luna, Guillermo Gomez-Garcia, Maria Angeles Martinez-Cuesta, Angeles Alvarez
Summary: COVID-19 severity and progression are associated with biomarkers related to neutrophils, such as neutrophilia, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio. In the pathophysiology of ARDS, activation and release of neutrophils lead to inflammatory responses and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which can cause lung damage. Studies have shown that NETs in COVID-19 patients are correlated with disease severity, indicating their potential use as prognostic biomarkers.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ayse Sahin Tutak, Fatih Soylemez, Hazal B. Konuk, Erkan Cakmak, Bulent Karakaya, Ali Dogan, Hakan S. Sayiner, Selcuk Aksoz, Mehtap Alev
Summary: The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines raised hopes for ending the pandemic globally, but cases can still occur even after vaccination, as shown by a 66-year-old male patient developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 despite high levels of IgG and low levels of IgM-A against SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccination.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jian Zhang, Zigang Tian, Lina Feng, Zhongming Yang, Bo Zou, Kun Li, Yingliang Zhang, Yaguo Wang, Joy Fleming, Wenyu Cui
Summary: This case report demonstrates the successful treatment of a non-severe COVID-19 case in Changchun, China, through judicious use of corticosteroids and personalized therapeutic approach, reinforcing the evidence base for the safe and efficacious use of corticosteroids in such cases.
Article
Immunology
Tingxuan Gu, Simin Zhao, Guoguo Jin, Mengqiu Song, Yafei Zhi, Ran Zhao, Fayang Ma, Yaqiu Zheng, Keke Wang, Hui Liu, Mingxia Xin, Wei Han, Xiang Li, Christopher D. Dong, Kangdong Liu, Zigang Dong
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in COVID-19 and explores potential therapeutic options. TNF-α and IL-6 are suggested to play a role in the occurrence of CSS. The use of certain monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors shows promise in alleviating symptoms of CSS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Tareq Abu-Izneid, Abdallah Mohammad Ibrahim, Md Noushad Javed, Noora AlHajri, Amar M. Hamrouni
Summary: Coronaviruses are a type of non-segmented, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses, with 6 human coronaviruses identified so far, including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 may lead to cytokine storm, causing a series of diseases and death. Efforts to reduce cytokine storm are being considered as a new approach to combat COVID-19 mortality.
SAUDI PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aila Akosua Kattner
Summary: This issue of the Biomedical Journal covers a wide range of topics, including lymphoproliferative disorders, autoimmunity, RASopathies, as well as research and treatment approaches related to COVID-19.
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodriguez, Luis Chiscano-Camon, Adolf Ruiz-Sanmartin, Clara Palmada, Erika Paola Plata-Menchaca, Clara Franco-Jarava, Marcos Perez-Carrasco, Manuel Hernandez-Gonzalez, Ricard Ferrer
Summary: In this study, cytokine hemoadsorption was evaluated as a rescue therapy for critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, severe respiratory failure refractory to prone positioning, and hypercytokinemia. The results showed a significant reduction in IL-6 plasma levels and other inflammatory biomarkers, as well as improvements in oxygenation and organ dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yichen Li, Jie Li, Jia Ke, Na Jiao, Lixin Zhu, Lihan Shen, Lei Chen, Zhiqiang Jiang, Sijing Cheng, Yibo Huang, Yifeng Zou, Ruixin Zhu, Guangjun Yan
Summary: The use of corticosteroids in critically ill COVID-19 patients is associated with a higher case fatality rate, as well as the development of ARDS, exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis, longer hospital stay, and delayed virus clearance time. Patients treated with corticosteroids typically have higher white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, and alanine aminotransferase levels after treatment.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ruirong Chen, Zhien Lan, Jujian Ye, Limin Pang, Yi Liu, Wei Wu, Xiaohuan Qin, Yang Guo, Peidong Zhang
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major threat to global health, with cytokine storms being a significant cause of disease deterioration and death, making it crucial to understand the pathophysiological processes involved for effective treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hana M. A. Fakhoury, Peter R. Kvietys, Ismail Shakir, Hashim Shams, William B. Grant, Khaled Alkattan
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the respiratory tract, especially the lungs, but also affects organs remote from the initial site of infection. Immune response and thrombosis play a crucial role in the development of COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qiaoyi Xu, Shuya Mei, Fang Nie, Zhiyun Zhang, Junqi Feng, Jinyuan Zhang, Xiaoqing Qian, Yuan Gao, Zhengyu He, Shunpeng Xing
Summary: The study demonstrates that lipopolysaccharide induces activation of the JNK signaling pathway and TNF-alpha secretion in pulmonary macrophages, leading to interaction between inflammation and metabolism that promotes lung fibroblast glycolysis. This interaction plays a crucial role in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Letter
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sajad Khiali, Taher Entezari-Maleki
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Naser Aslanabadi, Samineh Beheshti Rouy, Sina Mashayekhi, Zahra Heidari, Sana Hamedani, Taher Entezari-Maleki
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pretreatment with metformin on cTnI levels in STEMI patients after reteplase therapy. The results showed that early use of metformin did not reduce cTnI levels in STEMI patients.
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Virology
Elnaz Khani, Bentelhoda Afsharirad, Taher Entezari-Maleki
Summary: This study reviewed the available evidence on virology and treatment approaches for monkeypox and provided guidance for patient care and future studies. Tecovirimat was found to be the most promising medication for monkeypox treatment, but the risk of resistance should be considered.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sajad Khiali, Afra Rezagholizadeh, Hossein Behzad, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi, Taher Entezari-Maleki
Summary: Currently, the global recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic is fragile despite the administration of COVID-19 vaccines recommended as the safest and most reliable tool for eliminating the disease. However, there have been reports of cardiovascular adverse events following widespread vaccination. This comprehensive review provides an update on the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of these events, emphasizing the need for diagnostic scoring systems and further evaluation of vaccine safety.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sajad Khiali, Amin Agabalazadeh, Hadi Sahrai, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi, Gholamreza Rahbari Banaeian, Taher Entezari-Maleki
Summary: The incidence of cardiovascular diseases has increased due to industrialization and lifestyle changes, making it important to identify the healthiest diet habits and supplements. Caffeine has shown promise in treating cardiovascular diseases, but there are conflicting findings on its clinical effects. Further well-designed studies are needed to determine the cardiovascular efficacy and safety of caffeine.
PHARMACEUTICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Parisa Shiri Aghbash, Reyhaneh Rasizadeh, Amir Hossein Yari, Shiva Lahouti, Habib MotieGhader, Javid Sadri Nahand, Taher Entezari-Maleki, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
Summary: Immunotherapy has shown effectiveness in malignancies with poor outcomes by triggering immune responses. However, tumors create an environment that hinders the body's immune response against cancer, with malignant cells expressing immunosuppressive receptors and ligands. Combination therapy with oncolytic viruses and pro-inflammatory cytokines could be a potential treatment approach for certain malignancies.
ANTI-CANCER AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohammadreza Taban-Sadeghi, Elnaz Khani, Kimia Khezripour, Elgar Enamzadeh, Naser Safaei, Taher Entezari-Maleki
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of triamterene as an add-on therapy for diuretic resistance in heart failure patients. The results showed that triamterene did not significantly improve weight changes, fluid input-to-output ratio, or other secondary outcomes. Therefore, this study does not support the use of triamterene as an add-on therapy for diuretic resistance in heart failure patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sajad Khiali, Mohammadreza Taban-Sadeghi, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Naser Khezerlouy-Aghdam, Afra Rezagholizadeh, Hila Asham, Taher Entezari-Maleki
Summary: Despite limited clinical data, a systematic review suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors have cardiovascular benefits in individuals without diabetes, heart failure (HF), and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The review highlights the potential role of SGLT2 inhibitors for primary prevention in this population, particularly in conditions such as stage A HF and metabolic syndrome. The literature trend is expanding to investigate the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in stage B HF, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmias.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sajad Khiali, Mohammadreza Taban-Sadeghi, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Naser Khezerlouy-Aghdam, Hossein Namdar, Rezvanieh Salehi, Afra Rezagholizadeh, Taher Entezari-Maleki
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early treatment with the combination of standard-dose and high-dose sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors as well as colchicine in non-diabetic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction following ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Taher Entezari-Maleki
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Letter
Surgery
Bentelhoda Afsharirad, Taher Entezari-Maleki
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Letter
Surgery
Elnaz Khani, Taher Entezari-Maleki
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
