Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Aris Anagnostopoulos, Luca Becchetti, Emilio Cruciani, Francesco Pasquale, Sara Rizzo
Summary: This paper investigates opinion dynamics in multi-agent networks with biases towards two possible opinions, exploring the combined effects of bias, network structure, and opinion dynamics on the convergence of the entire system of agents. Through analyzing a simple yet mathematically rich setting, it highlights a complex interplay between topology and underlying update rules.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Economics
Hal R. Varian
Summary: The essay explores issues related to online competition among large tech companies, arguing that competition among tech firms is working well and has brought positive outcomes for consumers and the economy as a whole.
INFORMATION ECONOMICS AND POLICY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Social
Zsofia Csajbok, Mihaly Berkics
Summary: Mate preference research primarily focuses on desired traits in romantic partners, showing that undesirable traits may be more important in mate choice decisions. However, the study did not demonstrate the higher importance of dealbreakers compared to dealmakers, but rather showed that the two concepts complement each other in mate preference research.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jeffrey W. Sherman, Samuel A. W. Klein
Summary: This article outlines four theoretical and methodological problems that have hindered implicit attitude research, revolving around assumptions made about the relationships among measures, constructs, cognitive processes, and features of processing. Clarifying these issues is crucial for understanding who holds specific implicit evaluations, when they might be problematic, how to best change them, and what interventions are most effective at minimizing their impact on behavior.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Beau Schaeffer, Bradford Taylor, Mary Bushman, William P. Hanage
Summary: Having enough individuals immune to a pathogen in a population can prevent disease outbreaks. However, deliberately seeking herd immunity through infection during a potentially lethal pandemic goes against public health principles due to the potential for uncontrolled outbreaks and risks to vulnerable populations.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hans-Joachim Schaefers
Summary: The prognosis of aortic root aneurysm in Marfan syndrome patients was greatly improved with the introduction of valve-preserving surgery(VPS). However, this surgery poses lifelong risks of thromboembolism and hemorrhage, which can complicate further aortic surgeries.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Omar O'Mari, Valentine I. Vullev
Summary: Electrochemical analysis is easy to carry out but challenging to do correctly due to inherent challenges in data collection and interpretation. This article focuses on the utility of voltammetrically obtained electrochemical potentials for extracting important characteristics of molecular analytes, and provides recommendations for addressing key pending challenges. Improving the reliability of electroanalysis is crucial for advancing modern science and engineering given the wide implications of charge transfer.
CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Management
Caio Coelho, Carlos Eduardo de Lima
Summary: This paper uses metaphors to discuss the potential issues in ethnographic research, advocating for reflexivity in research and encouraging organizational scholars to engage in ethnography.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Development Studies
Charlie McConnell, Paul Lachapelle
Summary: This article summarizes the seven deadly sins of community development, arguing that the undervaluation and lack of investment in the field worldwide are partially due to its own flaws. These flaws include anti-expertism, localism and self-help, an overemphasis on social capital, an over-righteous non-governmental sector, an overemphasis on collectivism, discipline capture, and self-effacement. The article aims to challenge readers to reject groupthink and promote critical thinking and reflection. It warns that unless these issues are addressed, the field risks further marginalization.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yehezkel Ben-Ari, Eric Delpire
Summary: The study shows that phenobarbital and midazolam can reduce neonatal seizures following birth asphyxia, but their effectiveness is dependent on the timing of administration; in contrast, the chloride importer antagonist has no effect on reducing seizures. However, the efficacy of drugs on seizures may be influenced by recurrent seizures.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yuanqing Li, Nan Xiao, Sibin Wu
Summary: Effective use of nonverbal cues in a pitch video can increase funding success, with reduced gaze, early appearance, and reduced speech hesitations being key factors in improving funding outcomes.
INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Hugues Moreau, Andrea Vassilev, Liming Chen
Summary: Transport mode detection is a classification problem that aims to infer the transport mode of a user using multimodal signals. The study introduces a small, optimized model that can perform as well as current deep models with significantly fewer parameters and operations. Additionally, the research proposes better preprocessing methods for signals of different lengths.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zoltan Botta-Dukat
Summary: This paper discusses how to modify the original algorithm for calculating the relative role of local and regional effects when abundance data do not follow a Poisson distribution. The use of a log-link function and modified formulas are proposed for conducting effective CATS regression analysis. Special considerations are needed when dealing with zero-inflated data.
Article
Economics
Mels de Zeeuw, Sameera Fazili, Julie L. Hotchkiss
Summary: Research shows that the six-year graduation rates of Black students at HBCUs match those at similar non-HBCUs, but there are still differences in the mechanisms that translate student and institutional characteristics into graduation rates.
Article
Business, Finance
Franck Bancel, Bruno Martinaud, Henri Philippe
Summary: Valuing start-ups is a complex task due to their innovative nature, limited financial information, and unstable economic model, making it difficult for valuers to identify listed assets or comparable transactions and provide reliable cash flow forecasts.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabienne Bachtiger, Thomas R. Congdon, Christopher Stubbs, Matthew I. Gibson, Gabriele C. Sosso
Summary: Understanding ice recrystallisation is crucial for improving current cryopreservation technologies. The authors combine experiments and simulations to reveal the atomistic details of the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity of poly(vinyl)alcohol-the most potent biomimetic IRI agent.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Aiman Khan, David Quigley, Max Marcus, Erling Thyrhaug, Animesh Datta
Summary: A model-independent measure of dynamical complexity based on simulation of complex quantum dynamics has been proposed and verified using third-order pump-probe spectroscopy data to infer the Hilbert space dimension of complex quantum systems. The results illustrate the dimension of the singly excited manifold in exciton transport within a coupled dimer model.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lifen Wang, Ji Chen, Stephen J. Cox, Lei Liu, Gabriele C. Sosso, Ning Li, Peng Gao, Angelos Michaelides, Enge Wang, Xuedong Bai
Summary: In this study, the atomistic mechanism of NaCl crystallization from solutions confined within graphene cells was revealed using in situ graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. The research highlighted the impact of confinement on both the kinetics and thermodynamics of crystallization, offering new insights into heterogeneous crystallization theory and a potential avenue for materials design. The findings were attributed to a delicate balance between the substrate-solute interaction and thermodynamics under confinement, as suggested by density functional theory calculations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Corey A. Stevens, Fabienne Bachtiger, Xu-Dong Kong, Luciano A. Abriata, Gabriele C. Sosso, Matthew Gibson, Harm-Anton Klok
Summary: Developing molecules that mimic the properties of naturally occurring ice-binding proteins is challenging, but researchers have used phage display to identify a short peptide mimic containing only 14 amino acids. Key residues were identified through mutational analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations revealed a potential mechanism of action for ice binding. The peptide was also utilized for protein purification directly from cell lysate, demonstrating its biotechnological potential.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Reza J. Kashtiban, Maria G. Burdanova, Andrij Vasylenko, Jamie Wynn, Paulo V. C. Medeiros, Quentin Ramasse, Andrew J. Morris, David Quigley, James Lloyd-Hughes, Jeremy Sloan
Summary: The formation of one-dimensional CsI chains and helical chains within carbon nanotubes of different diameters has been demonstrated, showing varying effects on the encapsulating tubes' structure and electronic properties. Analysis using density-functional theory and Bader analysis was conducted to understand the observed changes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna Herlihy, Harry S. Geddes, Gabriele C. Sosso, Craig L. Bull, Christopher J. Ridley, Andrew L. Goodwin, Mark S. Senn, Nicholas P. Funnell
Summary: High pressure is a powerful thermodynamic tool in exploring crystalline structure and phase behavior, but local structure measurements using neutron diffraction have been limited by the presence of a pressure-transmitting medium (PTM). This study introduces a method to subtract the influence of PTM and successfully obtain high-pressure PDFs for crystalline materials. Corrected high-pressure PDFs of simple crystalline materials and the first local structure determination of alpha-quartz under hydrostatic pressure are demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Matthew T. Warren, Iain Galpin, Fabienne Bachtiger, Matthew Gibson, Gabriele C. Sosso
Summary: In this study, the researchers discovered that the amino acid L-alpha-alanine exhibits ice recrystallization inhibition activity. Through experimental assays and molecular simulations, they found that the difference in the inhibition activity between L-alpha-alanine and beta-alanine is not due to their ice binding affinity, but rather their capacity to become overgrown by ice. These findings shed new light on the microscopic mechanisms of small molecule cryoprotectants.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dipanjan Mandal, David Quigley
Summary: This study introduces a lattice-gas model based on interacting dimers to investigate competition in nucleation pathways involving two types of nuclei. Nucleation rates are calculated using forward flux sampling, demonstrating the inference of nucleation outcomes and pathways.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Trent Barnard, Steven Tseng, James P. Darby, Albert P. Bartok, Anders Broo, Gabriele C. Sosso
Summary: SOAP_GAS is a computational tool that uses genetic algorithms to optimize parameters for SOAP descriptors, leading to enhanced predictive capabilities.
MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Matthew T. Warren, Iain Galpin, Muhammad Hasan, Steven A. Hindmarsh, John D. Padrnos, Charlotte Edwards-Gayle, Robert T. Mathers, Dave J. Adams, Gabriele C. Sosso, Matthew Gibson
Summary: Phenylalanine is identified as a potent ice recrystallisation inhibitor (IRI) with key structural features of facial amphiphilicity, in which para-substituents can enhance or decrease IRI activity, and both amino and acid groups are essential.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gabriele C. Sosso, Prerna Sudera, Anna T. Backes, Thomas F. Whale, Janine Froehlich-Nowoisky, Mischa Bonn, Angelos Michaelides, Ellen H. G. Backus
Summary: By conducting experiments and simulations, this study systematically investigates the ice-nucleating ability of cholesterol in both crystalline and disordered self-assembled monolayers. A sweet spot in terms of the surface coverage of the monolayers is identified, where cholesterol enhances the structural order of interfacial water molecules and maximizes its ability to nucleate ice.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Christopher M. Miles, Pin-Chia Hsu, Ann M. Dixon, Syma Khalid, Gabriele C. Sosso
Summary: This paper investigates the role of cellular membranes in facilitating ice nucleation during cryopreservation and elucidates the factors affecting their ability to act as ice nucleating agents, through molecular dynamics simulations.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Piero Gasparotto, Martin Fitzner, Stephen James Cox, Gabriele Cesare Sosso, Angelos Michaelides
Summary: This research reveals the formation of persistent, spatially extended dynamical domains in the proximity of an interface, which is in contrast to the dynamical heterogeneity observed in bulk water. The dynamical response of water to an interface critically depends on the nature of the interface and the choice of interface definition, suggesting the potential of tuning the dynamical response of water through specific modifications of the interface structure or confining material.