Overview of external electromagnetism and rotation in lattice QCD

This is an introductory review of lattice QCD with external fields. The study of external magnetic fields is one of the greatest achievements in modern lattice QCD. Large-scale simulations and detailed analyses have revealed intriguing properties of QCD in the magnetic fields. The study of external electric fields is more challenging because of a technical difficulty. We overview the successes and challenges of the lattice simulations with the electromagnetic fields. We also introduce a newly developing field, the lattice simulation of rotating QCD matters.

Automated summary

The study of lattice QCD with external fields, such as magnetic and electric fields, has achieved significant progress, revealing intriguing properties of QCD in these fields. While simulations with electromagnetic fields have been successful, they also face technical challenges. A newly developing field is the lattice simulation of rotating QCD matters, showing potential for further insights into QCD physics under various conditions.