Amniotic fluid-derived extracellular vesicles: characterization and therapeutic efficacy in an experimental model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Background aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being tested for their use as novel therapeutics. However, the optimal source of EVs is currently under investigation. Amniotic fluid (AF) is a natural source of EVs that can be easily obtained for use in regenerative medicine, yet AF-EV characterization has not been fully explored. Methods: Here the authors demonstrate AF as a rich source of EVs and identify the microRNA and proteomic cargo. Bioinformatics analysis of this cargo revealed multiple pathway targets, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging networks. The authors further demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this EV product as a novel preventative agent for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Results: Intra-tracheal administration of AF-EVs preserved alveolar development, attenuated vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, decreased lung pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and reduced macrophage infiltration in an experimental BPD model. Conclusions: The authors' results suggest that AF is a viable biological fluid for EV harvest and that AF-EVs have strong therapeutic potential for pulmonary diseases, such as BPD, warranting further development to transition this novel EV product into the clinic. (c) 2021 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Amniotic fluid (AF) is a rich source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with potential therapeutic properties, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and free radical scavenging effects. Intra-tracheal administration of AF-EVs showed significant therapeutic potential for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, preserving alveolar development and attenuating pulmonary hypertension. The results suggest that AF-EVs could be a viable treatment option for pulmonary diseases, warranting further development for clinical use.