Article
Pediatrics
Emanuele Amodio, Dario Genovese, Luca Mazzeo, Luca Martino, Vincenzo Restivo, Giuseppe Vella, Giuseppe Calamusa, Francesco Vitale
Summary: This study provides rigorous evidence of the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in protecting adolescents in Sicily from both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Megumi Hara, Takeki Furue, Mami Fukuoka, Kentaro Iwanaga, Eijo Matsuishi, Toru Miike, Yuichiro Sakamoto, Naoko Mukai, Yuki Kinugasa, Mutsumi Shigyo, Noriko Sonoda, Masato Tanaka, Yasuko Arase, Yosuke Tanaka, Hitoshi Nakashima, Shin Irie, Yoshio Hirota
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of two doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines against the Delta variant in the Japanese population from June to September 2021. The VE was found to be 92% in June-July and 79% in August-September, and adjusted VE for homestay, hotel-based isolation, and hospitalization was 78%, 77%, and 97%, respectively. Despite a slight decline, VE against hospitalization remained strong for about 3 months after the second dose, indicating the need for longer-term monitoring of VE against new variants in vaccination policymaking.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Biykem Bozkurt, Ishan Kamat, Peter J. Hotez
Summary: Myocarditis is a rare complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, predominantly affecting young adult and adolescent males, with most patients showing improvement in symptoms. Possible mechanisms include molecular mimicry between viral proteins and self-antigens, dysregulated immune pathways, immune response to mRNA, and dysregulated cytokine expression.
Article
Immunology
Santiago Grau, Elena Martin-Garcia, Olivia Ferrandez, Raquel Martin, Sonia Tejedor-Vaquero, Ramon Gimeno, Giuliana Magri, Rafael Maldonado
Summary: Evaluated the integrity and immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines after re-freezing vials, finding that the vaccines can be re-frozen under specific freezing conditions without losing their effectiveness.
Article
Immunology
Chang Chu, Anne Schoenbrunn, Dorothea Fischer, Yvonne Liu, Johann-Georg Hocher, Jutta Weinerth, Kristin Klemm, Volker von Baehr, Bernhard K. Kraemer, Saban Elitok, Berthold Hocher
Summary: Due to rare but major adverse reactions, German health authorities recommended a heterologous booster vaccination (ChAd-BNT) for adults under 60 who received the AstraZeneca adenoviral vaccine (ChAd). Comparisons between the heterologous (ChAd-BNT) and homologous (BNT-BNT) vaccination regimens showed enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses in healthy controls, with neutralizing antibodies being higher after heterologous immunization. Immunocompromised patients, such as dialysis patients, benefitted more from the heterologous vaccination, showing adequate immune responses. Tumor and rheumatic patients also showed some benefits from the heterologous immunization, although to a lesser extent than dialysis patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Alexandre R. Marra, Takaaki Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Mohammed Alsuhaibani, Bruna Marques Tofaneto, Luigi Makowski Bariani, Mariana de Amorim Auler, Jorge L. Salinas, Michael B. Edmond, Michelle Doll, Jose Mauro Kutner, Joao Renato Rebello Pinho, Luiz Vicente Rizzo, Joao Luiz Miraglia, Marin L. Schweizer
Summary: This study assessed the short-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among immunocompromised patients and found that they were effective against symptomatic COVID-19 infection but had lower effectiveness compared to the control group. Further research is needed to understand the discordance between antibody production and protection against symptomatic COVID-19 infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abid Hussain, Haiyin Yang, Mengjie Zhang, Qing Liu, Ghallab Alotaibi, Muhammad Irfan, Huining He, Jin Chang, Xing-Jie Liang, Yuhua Weng, Yuanyu Huang
Summary: This review elaborately discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the progress of mRNA-based vaccines. While the development of mRNA vaccines is a significant accomplishment, widespread production and global availability remain a challenge.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Antonio Vitiello, Francesco Ferrara
Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented health and socio-economic challenges, but the approval of the first COVID-19 vaccines has initiated a worldwide mass vaccination campaign. mRNA vaccines, as a new method of preventive medicine, may be effective against new SARS-CoV-2 variants, but long-term immunity and safety are still under evaluation.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jung Woo Park, Philip N. P. Lagniton, Yu Liu, Ren-He Xu
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to significant impact on human lives, with mRNA vaccines emerging as promising candidates due to their rapid development time, cost-effectiveness, versatility in design, and proven ability to induce immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Karim Dorgham, Paul Quentric, Mehmet Gokkaya, Stephane Marot, Christophe Parizot, Delphine Sauce, Amelie Guihot, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Matthieu Schmidt, Julien Mayaux, Alexandra Beurton, Loic Le Guennec, Sophie Demeret, Elyes Ben Salah, Alexis Mathian, Hans Yssel, Behazine Combadiere, Christophe Combadiere, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Sonia Burrel, Anne-Genevieve Marcelin, Zahir Amoura, Guillaume Voiriot, Avidan U. Neumann, Guy Gorochov
Summary: Anaphylactic reactions to the novel mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines have raised significant public concern due to their unexpected occurrence, particularly among atopic individuals. Various potential contributors to these reactions have been considered, yet the clinical utility of available testing methods remains unclear. Further research and clinical trials are needed to address these concerns and ensure safety during public health emergencies.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Shuailei Chang, Hongbo Liu, Jian Wu, Wenwei Xiao, Sijia Chen, Shaofu Qiu, Guangcai Duan, Hongbin Song, Rongguang Zhang
Summary: This study estimated the real-world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines against COVID-19 infection and examined the impact of different virus variants on vaccine effectiveness. The results showed that the vaccines provided high levels of protection against COVID-19 infection, with the mRNA-1273 vaccine being more effective than the BNT162b2 vaccine, especially for partially vaccinated individuals. The Delta variant significantly weakened vaccine protection for the partially vaccinated group, but full vaccination remained highly effective against COVID-19 infection and various VOC.
Article
Allergy
Kimberly A. Risma, Kathryn M. Edwards, Donna S. Hummell, Frederic F. Little, Allison E. Norton, Amy Stallings, Robert A. Wood, Joshua D. Milner
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid production of messenger RNA vaccines packaged in lipid nanoparticles, resulting in unexpectedly severe allergic reactions. Various factors have been considered as possible contributors to these reactions, including nucleic acid activation of the contact system and preexisting antibody recognition of polyethylene glycol on the nanoparticle surface. Further research and clinical trials are needed to address concerns and determine the applicability of testing methods in predicting and understanding vaccine-related allergic reactions.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Li-Ping Wong, Hai-Yen Lee, Haridah Alias, Sazaly AbuBakar
Summary: This study conducted in Malaysia found that parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 is influenced by their perceived susceptibility to the disease and their concerns about vaccines. A significant number of parents showed a preference for traditional vaccines over mRNA vaccines, citing concerns about mRNA technology and potential side effects. Public education campaigns are needed to address these concerns and increase vaccine acceptance among hesitant parents.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qinrui Huang, Jiawei Zeng, Jinghua Yan
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of mRNA vaccines, with positive results reported and future challenges ahead.
JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jie Wei, Weiya Zhang, Michael Doherty, Zachary S. Wallace, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Na Lu, Xiaoxiao Li, Chao Zeng, Guanghua Lei, Yuqing Zhang
Summary: In a population-based study in the UK, the BNT162b2 vaccine showed higher efficacy than the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization for COVID-19, but there was no significant difference in the risk of death from COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Mark W. Tenforde, Wesley H. Self, Yuwei Zhu, Eric A. Naioti, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A. Ginde, Kelly Jensen, H. Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D. Casey, Nicholas M. Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, Kevin W. Gibbs, D. Clark Files, David N. Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E. Prekker, Heidi L. Erickson, Michelle N. Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J. Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S. Steingrub, Ithan D. Peltan, Samuel M. Brown, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, Laurence W. Busse, Caitlin ten Lohuis, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G. Wilson, Nida Qadir, Steven Y. Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M. Babcock, Jennie H. Kwon, Matthew C. Exline, Mena M. Botros, Adam S. Lauring, Nathan Shapiro, Natasha Halasa, James D. Chappell, Carlos G. Grijalva, Todd W. Rice, Ian D. Jones, William B. Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N. Womack, Jillian P. Rhoads, Christopher J. Lindsell, Kimberly W. Hart, Caitlin Turbyfill, Samantha Olson, Nancy Murray, Katherine Adams, Manish M. Patel
Summary: Among hospitalized adults, the effectiveness of the two-dose mRNA vaccine against COVID-19-associated hospitalization decreased from 90% to 82% after 6 months post-vaccination. This study highlights the limited long-term durability of protection provided by the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against hospitalization.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Nicholas M. Mohr, Uche Okoro, Karisa K. Harland, Brian M. Fuller, Kalyn Campbell, Morgan B. Swanson, Cole Wymore, Brett Faine, Anne Zepeski, Edith A. Parker, Luke Mack, Amanda Bell, Katie DeJong, Keith Mueller, Elizabeth Chrischilles, Christopher R. Carpenter, Kelli Wallace, Michael P. Jones, Marcia M. Ward
Summary: The study aimed to determine if provider-to-provider tele-emergency department (tele-ED) care is associated with better outcomes for patients in rural emergency departments (EDs). The study used medical records of sepsis patients from rural hospitals in a tele-ED network. The results showed that tele-ED care did not significantly improve 28-day hospital-free days, inhospital mortality, or guideline adherence compared to standard care. However, in a subgroup of patients treated by advanced practice providers, tele-ED was associated with lower mortality rates.
ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
D. Clark Files, Laura Esserman, Kathleen D. Liu, Carolyn S. Calfee
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Somnath Bose, Danielle Groat, Victor D. Dinglas, Narjes Akhlaghi, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Sarah J. Beesley, Tom Greene, Ramona O. Hopkins, Mustafa Mir-Kasimov, Carla M. Sevin, Alison E. Turnbull, James C. Jackson, Dale M. Needham, Samuel M. Brown
Summary: This study aimed to characterize early unmet nonmedication discharge needs and explore their association with 90-day readmission and mortality among survivors of acute respiratory failure (ARF) who were discharged home. It found that unmet nonmedication discharge needs were common among survivors of ARF, but not significantly associated with 90-day readmission or death.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nathan I. Shapiro, Ivor S. Douglas, Roy G. Brower, Samuel M. Brown, Matthew C. Exline, Adit A. Ginde, Michelle N. Gong, Colin K. Grissom, Douglas Hayden, Catherine L. Hough, Weixing Huang, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Alan E. Jones, Akram Khan, Poying Lai, Kathleen D. Liu, Chadwick D. Miller, Katherine Oldmixon, Pauline K. Park, Todd W. Rice, Nancy Ringwood, Matthew W. Semler, Jay S. Steingrub, Daniel Talmor, B. Taylor Thompson, Donald M. Yealy, Wesley H. Self
Summary: This study compared the effects of a restrictive fluid strategy and a liberal fluid strategy in the treatment of septic patients. The results showed that there was no significant difference in overall mortality before discharge home by day 90 between the two strategies.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicholas M. Mohr, Ian D. Plumb, Kari K. Harland, Tamara Pilishvili, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Anusha Krishnadasan, Karin F. Hoth, Sharon H. Saydah, Zachary Mankoff, John P. Haran, Melissa Briggs-Hagen, Eliezer Santos Leon, David A. Talan, Project PREVENT Network
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on prolonged symptoms following COVID-19. The results showed that healthcare personnel who received COVID-19 vaccination had a lower prevalence of symptoms at 6 weeks after illness onset compared to those who were unvaccinated, and they were able to return to work earlier.
Article
Immunology
Nathaniel M. Lewis, Nancy Murray, Katherine Adams, Diya Surie, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A. Ginde, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, David J. Douin, H. Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D. Casey, Nicholas M. Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Nathan Shapiro, Kevin W. Gibbs, D. Clark Files, David N. Hager, Harith Ali, Matthew E. Prekker, Anne E. Frosch, Matthew C. Exline, Michelle N. Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J. Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S. Steingrub, Ithan D. Peltan, Samuel M. Brown, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Adam S. Lauring, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, Laurence W. Busse, William Bender, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G. Wilson, Alexandra June Gordon, Nida Qadir, Steven Y. Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M. Babcock, Jennie H. Kwon, James D. Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Carlos G. Grijalva, Todd W. Rice, William B. Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Christopher J. Lindsell, Kimberly W. Hart, Jillian P. Rhoads, Meredith L. McMorrow, Mark W. Tenforde, Wesley H. Self, Manish M. Patel
Summary: This study found that individuals who received a primary series plus a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine had a lower risk of hospitalization compared to those who received a complete vaccine series. The relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) showed a 66% reduction in COVID-19 hospitalization risk for boosted vaccine recipients compared to those with a primary series only, while the absolute vaccine effectiveness (aVE) showed an 81% reduction in hospitalization risk for the same group.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alexander M. Kaizer, Nathan I. Shapiro, Jessica Wild, Samuel M. Brown, B. Jessica Cwik, Kimberly W. Hart, Alan E. Jones, Michael S. Pulia, Wesley H. Self, Clay Smith, Stephanie A. Smith, Patrick C. Ng, B. Taylor Thompson, Todd W. Rice, Christopher J. Lindsell, Adit A. Ginde
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) for early treatment of non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19. The results showed that LPV/r did not significantly improve symptom resolution or reduce hospitalization in non-hospitalized participants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. E. Prekker, B. E. Driver, S. A. Trent, D. Resnick-Ault, K. P. Seitz, D. W. Russell, J. P. Gaillard, A. J. Latimer, S. A. Ghamande, K. W. Gibbs, D. J. Vonderhaar, M. R. Whitson, C. R. Barnes, J. P. Walco, I. S. Douglas, V Krishnamoorthy, A. Dagan, J. J. Bastman, B. D. Lloyd, S. Gandotra, J. K. Goranson, S. H. Mitchell, H. D. White, J. A. Palakshappa, A. Espinera, D. B. Page, A. Joffe, S. J. Hansen, C. G. Hughes, T. George, J. T. Herbert, N. Shapiro, S. G. Schauer, B. J. Long, B. Imhoff, L. Wang, J. P. Rhoads, K. N. Womack, D. R. Janz, W. H. Self, T. W. Rice, A. A. Ginde, J. D. Casey, M. W. Semler
Summary: This study compares the success rates of tracheal intubation on the first attempt using video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in critically ill adults. The findings indicate that among critically ill patients undergoing intubation in emergency departments and ICUs, the use of video laryngoscopy resulted in a higher incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt compared to direct laryngoscopy.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shawniqua Williams Roberson, Samuel Nwosu, Erin M. Collar, Amy L. Kiehl, Fiona E. Harrison, Julie Bastarache, Jo Ellen Wilson, Matthew F. Mart, Jonathan E. Sevransky, E. Wesley Ely, Christopher J. Lindsell, James C. Jackson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of early antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy on cognitive, psychological, and functional outcomes in sepsis survivors. The results showed that treatment with vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone did not improve or worsen cognitive, psychological, and functional outcomes at 6 months compared to placebo.
Letter
Hematology
Douglas E. Gladstone, Franco D'Alessio, Christopher Howard, Mi-Ae Lyu, Jason R. Mock, Kevin W. Gibbs, Darryl Abrams, Meixian Huang, Ke Zeng, James P. Herlihy, Sergio T. Castillo, Roland Bassett, Tara Sadeghi, Simrit Parmar, Christopher R. Flowers, Siddhartha Mukherjee, David Schoenfeld, Peter F. Thall, Arthur S. Slutsky
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eva A. Mistry, Kimberly W. Hart, Larry T. Davis, Yue Gao, Charles J. Prestigiacomo, Shilpi Mittal, Tapan Mehta, Hayden LaFever, Pablo Harker, Hilary E. Wilson-Perez, Kalli A. Beasley, Neeharika Krothapalli, Emily Lippincott, Heather Stefek, Michael Froehler, Rohan Chitale, Matthew Fusco, Aaron Grossman, Peyman Shirani, Matthew Smith, Matthew N. Jaffa, Sharon D. Yeatts, Gregory W. Albers, Jonathan P. Wanderer, Juliana Tolles, Christopher J. Lindsell, Roger J. Lewis, Gordon R. Bernard, Pooja Khatri
Summary: This study aimed to determine the futility of lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) targets after successful endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. The results showed that lower SBP targets (<140 mm Hg or <160 mm Hg) did not meet the prespecified criteria for futility compared with a higher target (≤180 mm Hg) among patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, the findings also suggested a low probability of benefit from lower SBP targets after endovascular therapy if tested in a future larger trial.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Green, Jean-Sebastien Rachoin, Christa Schorr, Phil D. Dellinger, Jonathan Casey, Isabel Park, Shruti M. Gupta, Rebecca Baron, Shahzad Shaefi, Krystal E. Hunter, David Leaf, STOP COVID Investigators
Summary: This study investigated the association between the timing of initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The data from a multicenter cohort study of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in the US were analyzed. The results showed that early initiation of IMV was associated with reduced mortality compared to late initiation.
Article
Immunology
Ian D. Plumb, Nicholas M. Mohr, Melissa Hagen, Ryan Wiegand, Ghinwa Dumyati, Karisa K. Harland, Anusha Krishnadasan, Jade James Gist, Glen Abedi, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Nora Chea, Jane Lee, Devra Barter, Monica Brackney, Scott K. Fridkin, Lucy E. Wilson, Sara A. Lovett, Valerie Ocampo, Erin C. Phipps, Tiffanie M. Marcus, Howard A. Smithline, Peter C. Hou, Lilly C. Lee, Gregory J. Moran, Elizabeth Krebs, Mark T. Steele, Stephen C. Lim, Walter A. Schrading, Brian Chinnock, David G. Beiser, Brett Faine, John P. Haran, Utsav Nandi, Anne K. Chipman, Frank LoVecchio, David A. Talan, Tamara Pilishvili
Summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness of a booster dose against COVID-19 among US healthcare personnel from October 2021 to June 2022. It was found that a booster dose provided substantial protection against COVID-19, but the effectiveness decreased during the Omicron variant predominance and waned after 4 months of receiving the booster dose.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Diya Surie, Katharine A. Yuengling, Jennifer DeCuir, Yuwei Zhu, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A. Ginde, H. Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D. Casey, Nicholas M. Mohr, Shekhar Ghamande, Kevin W. Gibbs, Clark Files, David N. Hager, Harith Ali, Matthew E. Prekker, Michelle N. Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J. Johnson, Jay S. Steingrub, Ithan D. Peltan, Samuel M. Brown, Aleda M. Leis, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, William S. Bender, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G. Wilson, Nida Qadir, Steven Y. Chang, Christopher Mallow, Jennie H. Kwon, Matthew C. Exline, Adam S. Lauring, Nathan I. Shapiro, Cristie Columbus, Ivana A. Vaughn, Mayur Ramesh, Basmah Safdar, Natasha Halasa, James D. Chappell, Carlos G. Grijalva, Adrienne Baughman, Todd W. Rice, Kelsey N. Womack, Jin H. Han, Sydney A. Swan, Indrani Mukherjee, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Sascha Ellington, Meredith L. McMorrow, Emily T. Martin, Wesley H. Self
Summary: On June 21, 2023, CDC recommended RSV vaccination for adults aged >= 60 years. Through a study on hospitalized cases, it was found that RSV patients were more likely to receive oxygen therapy, NIV, and IMV or die compared to COVID-19 and influenza patients. The high disease severity in hospitalized older adults with RSV should be considered in shared clinical decision-making.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2023)