Review
Polymer Science
Kamla Pathak, Shashi Kiran Misra, Aayush Sehgal, Sukhbir Singh, Simona Bungau, Agnieszka Najda, Robert Gruszecki, Tapan Behl
Summary: Chitosan, a natural polymer, is extensively used for versatile drug delivery systems, with quaternized chitosan being preferred in pharmaceutical industries due to its superior properties. Quaternized chitosan has been widely applied in tissue engineering, wound healing, gene, and vaccine delivery.
Review
Immunology
Xiaochen Gong, Yuan Gao, Jianhong Shu, Chunjing Zhang, Kai Zhao
Summary: This article introduces the application of chitosan in vaccine adjuvants and drug delivery systems. Chitosan has good biocompatibility and low toxicity, and can effectively enhance immune responses. Chitosan-based nanoparticles serve as excellent delivery systems and play important roles in protein vaccines and nucleic acid vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Jiali Liu, Sihan Guo, Zheng Jin, Kai Zhao
Summary: The composite nano adjuvant N-2-HACC-Al NPs, synthesized by water-soluble N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan nanoparticles (N-2-HACC NPs) and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), can enhance humoral and cellular immune responses of vaccines. The N-2-HACC-Al NPs have good thermal stability and biodegradability, and can improve the effectiveness of vaccines.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Jorge Huete-Carrasco, Ed C. Lavelle
Summary: A polymeric nanoparticle adjuvant with a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist shows a wide range of protection against viral challenges.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mehrnoush Safarzadeh, Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh, Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh, Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
Summary: This study designed chitosan nanoparticles containing miR-155-expressing plasmid and investigated their potential as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses. The prepared nanoparticles showed appropriate size and potential, and effectively protected the plasmid from degradation. The nanoparticles were able to downregulate the expression of miR-155 target genes and increase nitric oxide production, resulting in a shift of T cell responses towards Th1. These findings suggest that chitosan nanoparticles containing miR-155-expressing plasmid have the potential to significantly enhance immune responses.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Danyang Wang, Yongjuan Zou, Ning Wang, Jie Wu
Summary: We developed an emulsion using chitosan hydrochloride salt (CSCL) as stabilizer, which effectively loaded antigens and slowed down antigen release. The emulsion showed strong immune responses and generated memory T cells in adaptive immunity.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rui Xing, Xu Song, Lu Liu, Yiming Wang, Yu Zhang, Shuwei Peng, Renyong Jia, Xinghong Zhao, Yuanfeng Zou, Lixia Li, Hongping Wan, Xun Zhou, Fei Shi, Gang Ye, Zhongqiong Yin
Summary: This study developed a nanoparticle delivery system by encapsulating the immunomodulator resveratrol in quaternized chitosan-coated liposomes. These liposomes successfully co-localized antigens and immunomodulators in antigen-presenting cells, resulting in enhanced immune responses. The system effectively promoted the co-uptake of antigen and resveratrol by dendritic cells and induced a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Xinghui Song, Huijuan Li, Liheng Zhang, Xiaozhan Zhang, Li Zhao, Gaiping Zhang, Shengbo Cao, Yunchao Liu
Summary: By encapsulating GRb1 and IL-4 into nanoparticles, a newly developed delivery system can activate dendritic cells in chickens and enhance their immune response. This system can promote the production of specific antibodies and cytokines, providing an effective adjuvant system for avian vaccine development.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isra Dmour, Nazrul Islam
Summary: Chitosan is a natural polymer with wide applications in the field of drugs, vaccines, and antigen delivery. It has unique properties that make it a promising adjuvant in vaccine delivery. Studies have shown that nanoparticles loaded with chitosan and its derivatives can induce immune responses. The physicochemical properties of chitosan provide an excellent opportunity for engineering antigen-specific adjuvant/delivery systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuhong Lin, Beini Sun, Zheng Jin, Kai Zhao
Summary: N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan/N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (N-2-HACC/CMCS NPs) were prepared and demonstrated to have excellent mucosal absorption and enhanced immune effects. These nanoparticles could promote lymphocyte proliferation and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, leading to stimulation of mucosal and systemic immune responses. Chitosan-based nano-delivery system has great promise as a mucosal vaccine adjuvant in viral infectious diseases and immunization therapy.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Peng Jin, Fei Sun, Qin Liu, Qiyao Wang, Yuanxing Zhang, Xiaohong Liu
Summary: Oral vaccination is a convenient method for disease protection in aquaculture by adding vaccines as part of fish diet, but low protective efficiency is a major problem. In this study, an oral inactivated vaccine based on a chitosan/aluminum adjuvant system was developed, inducing Th1 and Th2 cells mediated immune responses, with upregulated expression of IL-6, IL-12, IFNc and IgM genes as driver cytokines.
Article
Limnology
Xiaomin Li, Rong'e Xing, Chaojie Xu, Song Liu, Yukun Qin, Kecheng Li, Huahua Yu, Pengcheng Li
Summary: By altering the ratio of chitosan to GTMAC, HACC and De-HACC with different degrees of substitution were synthesized, and it was found that the removal of acetyl groups in chitosan significantly improved the degree of substitution of quaternary ammonium salts. Both HACC and De-HACC were able to promote immunological activity in a substitution-dependent manner, with HACC showing a positive correlation and De-HACC showing a negative correlation.
JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chaojie Xu, Ronge Xing, Song Liu, Yukun Qin, Kecheng Li, Huahua Yu, Pengcheng Li
Summary: This study generated chitosan nanoparticles and examined their effects on dendritic cells, finding that 200kDa NO-CMC-HACC nanoparticles showed strong potential as immunological adjuvants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomasz Urbaniak, Gabriela S. Garcia-Briones, Alexander Zhigunov, Sviatoslav Hladysh, Edyta Adrian, Volodymyr Lobaz, Tereza Krunclova, Olga Janouskova, Ognen Pop-Georgievski, Dana Kubies
Summary: This study investigated layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coatings with the ability to release heparin-binding proteins. The use of tannic acid as a physical crosslinker resulted in more stable films during assembly and increased protein release. The proteins released more when they were part of the heparin layers rather than as individual protein layers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zohreh Khorshidvand, Sadegh Shirian, Hanieh Amiri, Alireza Zamani, Amir Hossein Maghsood
Summary: The study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) in combination with chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) as an adjuvant for a vaccine against T. gondii. The results showed that mice immunized with CS-SAG1-PRO NPs had the highest lymphocyte proliferation rate, increased secretion of various cytokines, and elevated levels of protective cytokines. The mice also exhibited a higher level of T. gondii-specific IgG, indicating an immune response biased towards Th1 cells. This approach holds promise for immunostimulation and vaccine delivery against T. gondii infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Xingran Kou, Dongdong Su, Fei Pan, Xiwei Xu, Qingran Meng, Qinfei Ke
Summary: This review provides a systematic discussion of the application of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in aroma compounds (ACs)/cyclodextrins (CDs) inclusion complexes (ICs). It covers the establishment of the simulation process, parameter selection, model evaluation, and various application cases, summarizing the major achievements and challenges of this method.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Haoyu Yu, Quanbin Zhang, Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Jing Wang, Yang Yue, Lihua Geng, Ning Wu
Summary: Brown algae are rich in fucoidan, which has been found to have anti-cancer and anti-metastasis effects. Fucoidan inhibits tumor cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, and also promotes immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Liang Dong, Yanan Li, Hailin Cong, Bing Yu, Youqing Shen
Summary: Gene therapy is a revolutionary treatment that requires suitable vectors for protecting and releasing exogenous nucleic acids in target cells. Chitosan, as a non-viral vector, has gained attention due to its good biocompatibility and ability to load large amounts of nucleic acids. This paper summarizes the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as gene delivery vector materials, discusses factors influencing transfection efficiency, performance evaluation, ways to optimize infectious efficiency, and current research development directions. It also provides an outlook on the future prospects of chitosan.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ana Iglesias-Mejuto, Beatriz Magarinos, Tania Ferreira-Goncalves, Ricardo Starbird-Perez, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo, Catarina Pinto Reis, Ines Ardao, Carlos A. Garcia-Gonzalez
Summary: This study developed a novel processing strategy to manufacture drug-loaded and personalized aerogels with nanostructures. The aerogels demonstrated bioactivity and antimicrobial effects, promoting bone regeneration and preventing infections in bone tissue engineering.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhenxu Shi, Dimei Yang, Yan Zhou, Xinyu Chen, Lin Gan, Jin Huang
Summary: This study proposes a micro-assembly method to improve the photoluminescent properties of crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by organizing them within a sub-micrometer-sized metal-organic framework and coating with TiO2. The TiO2 coating prevents CNC assembly breakdown and allows information to be revealed using screenprinted labels for anti-counterfeiting purposes.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuejiao Liu, Bin Fu, Jierong Chen, Zhenyu Sun, Dongdong Zheng, Zhonghua Li, Bing Gu, Ying Zhang, Haojie Lu
Summary: Liver disease is a major cause of global mortality, and identifying biomarkers for diagnosing its progression is crucial for improving outcomes. Targeted mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for verifying biomarker candidates and clinical applications, particularly for glycoproteins translation. However, the limitation of analyzing only one sample per run has become apparent. In this study, a high-throughput intact N-glycopeptides quantification strategy was developed, allowing the validation of 20 samples per run with an average analysis time of 3 minutes per sample. The strategy was applied in a cohort of 461 serum samples and identified a panel of 10 IgG N-glycopeptides that have strong clinical utility in evaluating the severity of liver disease.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qian Wang, Hao Jiang, Hongli Zhang, Weiqiao Lu, Xiao Wang, Wenfeng Xu, Jia Li, Youjing Lv, Guoyun Li, Chao Cai, Guangli Yu
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy of antibody-beta-glucan conjugates (AGC) to enhance the antitumor immune response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. AGC demonstrated powerful tumor suppression and promoted interaction between tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs), thereby enhancing immunotherapeutic benefits.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chaeyeon Lee, Sojeong Lee, Sang Wook Kang
Summary: The study aims to enhance the properties of porous membranes by addressing the limitations associated with phase separation. By using cellulose acetate and citric acid, the researchers were able to fabricate membranes with improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. The cross-linking effect of citric acid resulted in a more uniform pore structure and higher porosity.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Tejaswini Kolipaka, Giriraj Pandey, Noella Abraham, Dadi A. Srinivasarao, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi, P. S. Rajinikanth, Vidya Tickoo, Saurabh Srivastava
Summary: This review focuses on the design and application of polysaccharide-based hydrogel wound dressings, highlighting aspects such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug entrapment, moisturizing ability, swelling, and mechanical properties. Additionally, various crosslinking methods and recent developments in stimuli-responsive hydrogels are discussed.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Anqi Xu, Nan Zhang, Shixing Su, Hongyu Shi, Daoqiang Lu, Xifeng Li, Xin Zhang, Xin Feng, Zhuohua Wen, Gengwu Ma, Mengshi Huang, Chi Huang, Yuqi Hu, Hao Yuan, Qinwen Liu, Daogang Guan, Jun Wang, Chuanzhi Duan
Summary: The study presents a one-pot radical polymerization method to fabricate a hydrogel with adhesive properties, which can effectively treat bacterial-infected diabetic wounds and accelerate wound healing.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Montarop Yamabhai, Munthipha Khamphio, Thae Thae Min, Chai Noy Soem, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Waheni Rizki Aprilia, Krisanai Luesukprasert, Karsidete Teeranitayatarn, Atthaphon Maneedaeng, Tina R. Tuveng, Silje B. Lorentzen, Simen Antonsen, Paiboon Jitprasertwong, Vincent G. H. Eijsink
Summary: The study investigates the bioconversion of chitosan into soluble anti-inflammatory chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) using an enzyme. The results show that the generated CHOS have anti-inflammatory activity, but the magnitude of the activity depends on the substrate and production process. Different methods of dissolving chitosan also affect the properties of CHOS. The study highlights the importance of quality assurance in CHOS preparations.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wen Cao, Jiangping Wu, Xinya Zhao, Zixu Li, Jie Yu, Taili Shao, Xuefeng Hou, Lutan Zhou, Chunfei Wang, Guodong Wang, Jun Han
Summary: In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (PLP1) was successfully isolated and purified from Pueraria lobata. It was found that PLP1 was composed of specific glycosidic units and exhibited a better free radical-scavenging ability. Moreover, PLP1 effectively protected the liver against acute alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ya Su, Yaqian Liu, Xueyan Hu, Yueqi Lu, Jinyuan Zhang, Wenbo Jin, Wang Liu, Yan Shu, Yuen Yee Cheng, Wenfang Li, Yi Nie, Bo Pan, Kedong Song
Summary: A 3D printed scaffold based on carbon dots-curcumin nano-drug release has been developed for drug delivery after breast cancer surgery. The scaffold showed effective inhibition of tumor growth, antibacterial activity, and promotion of wound healing, making it a promising approach for preventing tumor recurrence.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ekaterina Sokolova, Diane Jouanneau, Antonin Chevenier, Murielle Jam, Nathalie Desban, Pierre Colas, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Gurvan Michel
Summary: Carrageenans, a compound synthesized in red algae, have various biological properties and are valuable in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Their fine structure affects wound healing, oxidative processes, hemostasis, and inflammation. Enzymatic modification of carrageenans produces oligosaccharides that bind to natural human serum antibodies and specific antibodies, showing potential for therapeutic applications.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Shi, Miao Yu, Kaijin Qiu, Tiantian Kong, Chunjing Guo, Wenxue Zhang, Daquan Chen, Ming Kong
Summary: In this study, functionalized transfersomes were developed to co-deliver doxorubicin and 1MT towards primary tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes via transdermal administration using microneedles. The results showed that the nano-complexed microneedles exhibited a stronger suppression in tumor growth compared to the intravenous group.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)