4.4 Article

Pollen tube shower in Bertolonia (Melastomataceae): a new delayed selfing mechanism in flowers with poricidal anthers

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BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
卷 198, 期 3, 页码 326-341

出版社

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boab051

关键词

Atlantic Forest; Bertolonieae; buzz-pollination; female and male success; herkogamy; in vivo pollen tube growth; mixed mating system; outcrossing; reproductive assurance

资金

  1. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil [88882.382585/2019-01, 1659767]
  2. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil [300865/2017-4]

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Autonomous selfing, known as pollen tube shower, was observed in Bertolonia plants with poricidal anthers. The movement of flower parts during post-anthesis events led to the transient absence of herkogamy, promoting delayed selfing. This mechanism ensures reproductive success and reproductive assurance for flowers that have not been pollinated.
About one-fifth of angiosperms reproduce predominantly through self-fertilization, mediated by morphological and functional flower traits. Autonomous selfing is rare in Melastomataceae, a megadiverse family with most species featuring poricidal anthers and herkogamy. However, previous studies suggested that some Bertolonia spp. were capable of autonomous selfing. Here, we investigated the existence of autonomous selfing in the group and, considering its specialized floral morphology, the mechanisms involved in this process. We conducted studies on floral biology, pollination experiments and pollinator visitation rates for Bertolonia paranaensis (anthers with introrse pores) and Bertolonia mosenii (anthers with extrorse pores). The transient absence of herkogamy and the dynamics of the movements of the flower parts during post-anthesis events promoted delayed selfing in both species. In post-anthesis flowers, pollen grains germinate inside the anthers, the pollen tubes come out through the anther pores and then reach the stigma, penetrating the transmission tissue, and fertilize the ovules. Both species received visits from buzzing bees and have a mixed mating system, i.e. the capacity of cross-pollination and delayed selfing-pollination. We present the first description of an autonomous selfing mechanism for plants with poricidal anthers, for which we coin the name pollen tube shower. Pollen tube shower promotes reproductive assurance to flowers that have not been pollinated and ensures reproductive success of individuals in the absence of pollinators.

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