Serum uric acid control for prevention of gout flare in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: a retrospective cohort study of health insurance claims and medical check-up data in Japan

Objectives In patients with gout, treating to target serum uric acid levels (sUA) of <= 6.0 mg/dL is universally recommended to prevent gout flare. However, there is no consensus on asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. Using Japanese health insurance claims data, we explored potential benefits of sUA control for preventing gout flare in subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. Methods This retrospective cohort study analysed the JMDC Claims Database from April 2012 through June 2019. Subjects with sUA >= 8.0 mg/dL were identified, and disease status (prescriptions for urate-lowering therapy (ULT), occurrence of gout flare, sUA) was investigated for 1 year. Time to first onset and incidence rate of gout flare were determined by disease status subgroups for 2 years or more. The relationship between gout flare and sUA control was assessed using multivariable analysis. Results The analysis population was 19 261 subjects who met eligibility criteria. We found fewer occurrences of gout flare, for both gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia, in patients who achieved sUA <= 6.0 mg/dL with ULT than in patients whose sUA remained >6.0 mg/dL or who were not receiving ULT. In particular, analysis by a Cox proportional-hazard model for time to first gout flare indicated that the HR was lowest, at 0.45 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.76), in subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia on ULT (5.0<= 6.0 mg/dL), compared with untreated subjects (sUA >= 8.0 mg/dL). Conclusions Occurrences of gout flare were reduced by controlling sUA at <= 6.0 mg/dL in subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia as well as in those with gout.

Automated summary

The study, using Japanese health insurance claims data, found that controlling sUA levels at <= 6.0 mg/dL reduced occurrences of gout flare in subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia as well as in those with gout.