期刊
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
卷 31, 期 32, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202102280
关键词
chain-mail catalysts; electron engineering; freestanding sulfur cathodes; high rate capability; sodium-sulfur batteries
类别
资金
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [DE170100928, DP200100365]
- Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) Project [G00849]
- Australian Research Council [DE170100928] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
In this study, it is demonstrated that a chain-mail catalyst Co@PCNFs can activate sulfur and improve the reaction kinetics in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. The freestanding sulfur cathode constructed with Co@PCNFs achieves high reversible capacity and superior rate capability. This is attributed to efficient electron transfer between the polysulfides and Na2S enabled by the Co@PCNFs, enhancing sulfur redox reactions.
Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries have attracted extensive attention because of their low cost and high specific energy. RT Na-S batteries, however, usually suffer from sluggish reaction kinetics, low reversible capacity, and short lifespans. Herein, it is shown that chain-mail catalysts, consisting of porous nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) encapsulating Co nanoparticles (Co@PCNFs), can activate sulfur via electron engineering. The chain-mail catalysts Co@PCNFs with a micrograde hierarchical structure as a freestanding sulfur cathode (Co@PCNFs/S) can provide space for high mass loading of sulfur and polysulfides. The electrons can rapidly transfer from chain-mail catalysts to sulfur and polysulfides during discharge-charge processes, therefore boosting its conversion kinetics. As a result, this freestanding Co@PCNFs/S cathode achieves a high sulfur loading of 2.1 +/- 0.2 mg cm(-2), delivering a high reversible capacity of 398 mA h g(-1) at 0.5 C (1 C = 1675 mA g(-1)) over 600 cycles and superior rate capability of an average capacity of 240 mA h g(-1) at 5 C. Experimental results, combined with density functional theory calculations, demonstrate that the Co@PCNFs/S can efficiently improve the conversion kinetics between the polysulfides and Na2S via transferring electrons from Co to them, thereby realizing efficient sulfur redox reactions.
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