Article
Neurosciences
Shane M. O'Neil, Emma E. Hans, Starr Jiang, Lynde M. Wangler, Jonathan P. Godbout
Summary: The study found that aged mice's hippocampal microglia had an amplified and prolonged neuroinflammatory response to peripheral LPS challenge. Furthermore, astrocytes in the aged hippocampus showed immunosenescence, with deficits in IL-10R signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis.
Review
Immunology
Deepali Singh
Summary: Neuroinflammation is caused by the misfiring of immune cells in the central nervous system and can have both positive and negative effects on neurodevelopment and post-injury tissue. Chronic or uncontrolled inflammatory responses may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, while abnormal activation of glial cells can mediate neuroinflammation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Qianting Deng, Chongyun Wu, Emily Parker, Timon Cheng-Yi Liu, Rui Duan, Luodan Yang
Summary: This article reviews the roles of microglia and astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and emphasizes their importance in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Research has found that these two types of glial cells play critical roles in neuroinflammation, synapse loss and pruning, clearance, and other processes related to AD. Therefore, therapeutic approaches targeting microglia and astrocytes may be promising for the treatment and prevention of AD.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhiyou Yang, Junxin Liu, Shuai Wei, Jiahang Deng, Xinyue Feng, Shucheng Liu, Mingxin Liu
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an ageing-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Neuroinflammation, especially the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome seems to be an efficient strategy for AD treatment through regulating brain immune microenvironment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Bernardino Ossola, Ali Rifat, Anna Rowland, Helen Hunter, Samuel Drinkall, Clare Bender, Mayida Hamlischer, Martin Teall, Russell Burley, Daneil F. Barker, David Cadwalladr, Louise Dickson, Jason M. K. Lawrence, Jenna R. M. Harvey, Marina Lizio, Xiao Xu, Edel Kavanagh, Toni Cheung, Steve Sheardown, Catherine B. Lawrence, Michael Harte, David Broughe, Christian Madry, Kim Matthews, Kevin Doyle, Keith Page, Justin Powell, Nicola L. Brice, Roland W. Buerli, Mark B. Carlton, Lee A. Dawson
Summary: Neuroinflammation, particularly through the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade, plays a significant role in neurodegenerative diseases. The upregulation of THIK-1 in isolated microglia from the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients and the selective inhibitor C101248 can attenuate the release of IL-1 beta from microglia, suggesting THIK-1 as a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammation modulation in AD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Maria Casaril, Athanasios Katsalifis, Rolf M. Schmidt, Carlos Bas-Orth
Summary: Neuroinflammation is a common feature of various neurological disorders, and activated microglia and astrocytes release soluble mediators that negatively impact neuronal function and viability. Mitochondria, being among the first structures affected in neuroinflammatory diseases, are promising targets for neuroprotective interventions. This study demonstrates that neuronal bioenergetic failure is an early event in neuroinflammation, and identifies the mitochondrial calcium uniporter as a potential target for neuroprotection.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Eun Sun Jung, Kyujin Suh, Jihui Han, Heyyoung Kim, Hyung-Sik Kang, Won-Seok Choi, Inhee Mook-Jung
Summary: The study reveals that amyloid-beta activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia by activating Syk and inhibiting AMPK, leading to neuroinflammation. Additionally, flufenamic acid (FA), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, effectively inhibits microglial activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating Syk and AMPK, offering a potential treatment for AD.
Review
Cell Biology
Qian Zhang, Yaping Yan
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral disturbances. Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathological process, and natural flavonoids derived from plants have shown satisfactory effects on neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefania Merighi, Manuela Nigro, Alessia Travagli, Stefania Gessi
Summary: Neuroinflammation may be a crucial avenue for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease, with microglia playing a key role in the disease process but potentially becoming impaired in later stages. It is important to identify new biomarkers to assess microglial activity and develop novel therapies to restore their physiological function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bartolo Tamburini, Giusto Davide Badami, Marco Pio La Manna, Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi, Nadia Caccamo, Francesco Dieli
Summary: The inflammatory response in Alzheimer's disease has both protective and harmful effects. Microglia initially play a protective role but can become overactivated, leading to impaired clearance of β-amyloid peptides and neurodegeneration. Microglia also contribute to the spread of tau pathology. Elevated levels of soluble TREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with amyloid plaque burden, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Understanding the relationship between innate immunity and Alzheimer's disease could lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, but further studies are needed for effective treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah, Junwei Wang, Amer E. Alkhalifa, Andrew B. Roberts, Ruchika Raj, Euitaek Yang, Amal Kaddoumi
Summary: This review provides an overview of recent advances on the role of microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation and provides updates on neuroinflammation diagnostic markers and investigational therapeutics currently in clinical trials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez, Celine Decouty-Perez, Victor Farre-Alins, Alejandra Palomino-Antolin, Paloma Narros-Fernandez, Javier Egea
Summary: Despite numerous studies, many mechanisms underlying traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unknown. This study investigates the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and glial response in TBI. The results highlight the importance of time-dependent activation of NLRP3 and its regulation in fine-tuning the glial response.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Barbara E. Stopschinski, Rick A. Weideman, Danni McMahan, David A. Jacob, Bertis B. Little, Hsueh-Sheng Chiang, Nil Saez Calveras, Olaf Stuve
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an untreatable cause of dementia, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Research suggests that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD, leading to the idea that anti-inflammatory treatments might be beneficial. Recent studies have shown the protective effects of diclofenac and NSAIDs in the fenamate group for targeting AD pathology.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emmanuel Moyse, Slavica Krantic, Nesrine Djellouli, Sebastien Roger, Denis Angoulvant, Camille Debacq, Victoire Leroy, Bertrand Fougere, Amal Aidoud
Summary: This review discusses the potential link between neuroinflammation and chronic inflammation related to cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. The similarities and differences in neuroinflammation mechanisms and physiological contexts are highlighted. The lack of knowledge regarding atherosclerosis-related neuroinflammation is also addressed.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yijun Chen, Yang Yu
Summary: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is mostly responsible for dementia, characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Recent focus has been on disease-modifying therapy targeting Aβ, although the efficacy and long-term safety of such drugs are still controversial. Tau has gained attention as a therapeutic target due to its association with cognitive dysfunction. Inflammation, especially neuroinflammation, is linked to AD and tau pathology. Understanding the relationship between tau pathology and neuroinflammation will contribute to discovering therapeutic targets for AD and other tau-related diseases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Janina Krell-Roesch, Jeremy A. Syrjanen, Martin Rakusa, Prashanthi Vemuri, Mary M. Machulda, Walter K. Kremers, Michelle M. Mielke, Val J. Lowe, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Gorazd B. Stokin, Ronald C. Petersen, Maria Vassilaki, Yonas E. Geda
Summary: The study found that elevated amyloid deposition in cortical and subcortical brain regions was associated with higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, with no significant differences between cortical and subcortical A beta deposition. Confirmation of these cross-sectional findings will require a longitudinal study.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Juan P. Gonzalez-Rivas, Jeffrey Mechanick, Maria M. Infante-Garcia, Jose R. Medina-Inojosa, Iuliia Pavlovska, Ota Hlinomaz, Petr Zak, Sarka Kunzova, Ramfis Nieto-Martinez, Maria Skladana, Jan Broz, Jose Pantaleon Hernandez, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Gorazd B. Stokin
Summary: The study found that 69.4% of the population had Dysglycemia-Based Chronic Disease (DBCD), with each stage being associated with traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting common pathophysiologic mechanisms and a potential for early preventive care. Individuals with lower educational levels and income were more likely to develop DBCD.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Iuliia Pavlovska, Jeffrey Mechanick, Geraldo A. Maranhao Neto, Maria M. Infante-Garcia, Ramfis Nieto-Martinez, Sarka Kunzova, Anna Polcrova, Robert Vysoky, Jose R. Medina-Inojosa, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Gorazd B. Stokin, Juan P. Gonzalez-Rivas
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of ABCD and DBCD models in detecting arterial stiffness compared to traditional classifiers. Results showed that stage 2 ABCD and all DBCD stages increased the risk of high CAVI, with the highest prevalence in stage 4 DBCD. However, obesity was negatively associated with CAVI and explained only a small portion of CAVI variability.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anna Pink, Janina Krell-Roesch, Jeremy A. Syrjanen, Maria Vassilaki, Val J. Lowe, Prashanthi Vemuri, Gorazd B. Stokin, Teresa J. Christianson, Walter K. Kremers, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Yonas E. Geda
Summary: This study found that cortical amyloid deposition, anxiety, and depression independently increased the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, anxiety modified the association between cortical amyloid deposition and incident mild cognitive impairment.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Janina Krell-Roesch, Martin Rakusa, Jeremy A. Syrjanen, Argonde C. van Harten, Val J. Lowe, Clifford R. Jack, Walter K. Kremers, David S. Knopman, Gorazd B. Stokin, Ronald C. Petersen, Maria Vassilaki, Yonas E. Geda
Summary: This study examined the association between CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms in older non-demented adults. The results showed that lower CSF Aβ42 and higher t-tau/Aβ42 and p-tau/Aβ42 ratios were associated with depression, anxiety, and other NPS.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Moein Foroughi, Jose R. Medina Inojosa, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Farzane Saeidifard, Laura Suarez, Gorazd B. Stokin, Miguel L. Prieto, Walter A. Rocca, Mark A. Frye, Robert J. Morgan
Summary: This study found that patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have a higher risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), even after adjusting for established cardiovascular disease risk factors, substance use disorders, and major depressive disorder.
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marco De Zuani, Petra Laznickova, Veronika Tomaskova, Martina Dvoncova, Giancarlo Forte, Gorazd Bernard Stokin, Vladimir Sramek, Martin Helan, Jan Fric
Summary: Analysis of blood immune cell subsets in severe COVID-19 patients revealed that a low CD4-to-CD8 T cell ratio upon admission was a strong predictor of in-ICU mortality, suggesting it could be used as an early marker for identifying patients who may need enhanced monitoring or proactive intervention in the ICU.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ersilia Fornetti, Stefano Testa, Francesca De Paolis, Claudia Fuoco, Sergio Bernardini, Victorio Pozo Devoto, Gorazd Bernard Stokin, Sara Maria Giannitelli, Alberto Rainer, Anne Bigot, Carmine Zoccali, Jacopo Baldi, Doriana Sandona, Roberto Rizzi, Claudia Bearzi, Giancarlo Forte, Stefano Cannata, Cesare Gargioli
Summary: This article introduces an approach to construct an in vitro neuromuscular junction (NMJ) using a microfluidic chip, aiming to establish a reliable and predictive human model to investigate synapse detriment in α-sarcoglycanopathy.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jan S. Novotny, Juan P. Gonzalez-Rivas, Maria Vassilaki, Janina Krell-Roesch, Yonas E. Geda, Gorazd B. Stokin
Summary: This study systematically examined the association between aging and cognitive performance in a healthy population-based sample. It found a gradual decrease in cognitive performance across the lifespan, with psychomotor speed and working memory showing the most significant age-related decline.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Victorio M. Pozo M. Devoto, Isaac G. Onyango, Gorazd B. Stokin
Summary: The maintenance of axonal homeostasis relies on various processes, including cytoskeletal regulation, cargo transport, synaptic activity, ionic balance, and energy supply. Among these, mitochondria play a crucial role by providing ATP and Ca2+ buffering capabilities. Disruption of axonal homeostasis, often observed in neurological disorders and traumatic brain injuries, can affect the transport, distribution, and function of mitochondria, which in turn impact the physiological state of axons.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Geraldo A. Maranhao Neto, Eduardo Lattari, Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira, Anna Bartoskova Polcrova, Maria M. Infante-Garcia, Sarka Kunzova, Gorazd B. Stokin, Juan P. Gonzalez-Rivas
Summary: Depressive disorder is associated with physical activity levels, and achieving the minimum physical activity target can alleviate symptoms of depression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Victorio M. Pozo Devoto, Valentina Lacovich, Monica Feole, Pratiksha Bhat, Jaroslav Chovan, Maria Carna, Isaac G. Onyango, Neda Dragisic, Martina Susserova, Martin E. Barrios-Llerena, Gorazd B. Stokin
Summary: Axonal swellings (AS) are neuropathological changes in several disorders, and their formation is associated with perturbed calcium homeostasis. Changes in intra-axonal calcium are not responsible for the formation of AS, but are required for their persistence. Following injury, the de/phosphorylation of axonal proteins, mainly those in the cytoskeleton, occurs, leading to rearrangement and support of axonal transport within AS.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marcela Hortova-Kohoutkova, Monika Skotakova, Isaac G. Onyango, Miriam Slezakova, Roman Panovsky, Lukas Opatril, Peter Slanina, Marco De Zuani, Ondrej Mrkva, Ivana Andrejcinova, Petra Laznickova, Martina Dvoncova, Alexandra Mytnikova, Vaughn Ostland, Michal Sitina, Gorazd B. Stokin, Vladimir Sramek, Marcela Vlkova, Martin Helan, Jan Fric
Summary: This study investigated the dynamics of iron regulation in different clinical settings and determined the suitability of hepcidin and/or ferritin levels as biomarkers of inflammatory disease severity. The results showed that hepcidin levels reflect overall immune cell activation driven by intrinsic stimuli, while ferritin levels are more strongly influenced by pathogen-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the hepcidin-to-ferritin ratio has the ability to predict mortality in septic shock.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria Carna, Isaac. G. G. Onyango, Stanislav Katina, Dusan Holub, Jan Sebastian Novotny, Marketa Nezvedova, Durga Jha, Zuzana Nedelska, Valentina Lacovich, Thijs Vande Vyvere, Ruben Houbrechts, Krystine Garcia-Mansfield, Ritin Sharma, Victoria David-Dirgo, Martin Vyhnalek, Katerina Texlova, Hernan Chaves, Nadine Bakkar, Lucia Pertierra, Mojmir Vinkler, Hana Markova, Jan Laczo, Katerina Sheardova, Marcela Hortova-Kohoutkova, Jan Fric, Giancarlo Forte, Petr Kanovsky, Silvie Belaskova, Jiri Damborsky, Jakub Hort, Nicholas. T. T. Seyfried, Robert Bowser, Gustavo Sevlever, Robert. A. A. Rissman, Richard. A. A. Smith, Marian Hajduch, Patrick Pirrotte, Zdenek Spacil, Eric. B. B. Dammer, Clara Limback-Stokin, Gorazd. B. B. Stokin
Summary: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are indicative of choroid plexus (ChP) dysfunction and involvement in AD pathogenesis. AD-related CSF alterations are consistent with perturbed aging process and accompanied by accumulation of inflammatory signals and active proteins in the ChP. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows significant remodeling of ChP in AD, which correlates with age and cognitive decline.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Carna, Jan S. Novotny, Neda Dragisic, Hanus Slavik, Katerina Sheardova, Yonas E. Geda, Martin Vyhnalek, Jan Laczo, Jakub Hort, Zixu Mao, Robert A. Rissman, Marian Hajduch, Eric B. Dammer, Gorazd B. Stokin
Summary: The study reveals that miRNAs play a critical role in regulating aging and also act as a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The circulating miRNA network in aging is characterized by downregulation and preferential targeting to extracellular vesicles (EVs). In AD, miRNAs are further downregulated, exhibiting altered proportions of motifs relevant to EV loading and secretion, and are exclusively found in EVs. This highlights the pathological exacerbation of aging in AD, where the physiological suppression of AD pathology by miRNAs becomes insufficient.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
