Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jacob L. Leger, Marie-France N. Soucy, Vanessa Veilleux, Robert D. Foulem, Gilles A. Robichaud, Marc E. Surette, Eric P. Allain, Luc H. Boudreau
Summary: Inflammation is a crucial defense process against infections, illness, or tissue damage, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are among the first immune cells involved. Recent studies have shown that platelets (PLTs), in addition to their role in blood coagulation, also play a role in inflammatory responses by releasing functional mitochondria (freeMitos). This study reveals that freeMitos increase mitochondrial gene expression in PMN and significantly induce the release of microvesicles.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Guang Fu, Meihong Deng, Matthew D. Neal, Timothy R. Billiar, Melanie J. Scott
Summary: Platelet-monocyte aggregates may be an important prognostic indicator in sepsis, but the mechanisms and effects are still unclear. Despite the unique functions of platelets and monocytes in inflammation and immune responses during sepsis, there is limited research on their combined functions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Couto-Rodriguez, Alma Villasenor, Carmela Pablo-Torres, David Obeso, Maria Fernanda Rey-Stolle, Hector Peinado, Jose Luis Bueno, Mar Reano-Martos, Alfredo Iglesias Cadarso, Cristina Gomez-Casado, Coral Barbas, Domingo Barber, Maria M. Escribese, Elena Izquierdo, Isabella Russo
Summary: This study identifies specific lipids and metabolites carried by platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PL-EVs), which vary according to the severity of inflammation in allergic patients. This provides new insights for characterizing the progression of allergic inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Hematology
Florian Puhm, Eric Boilard, Kellie R. Machlus
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a means of cell-to-cell communication, and platelets readily generate EVs upon activation, containing diverse cargo that can enter various bodily fluids. The importance of platelet-derived EVs extends beyond hemostasis, highlighting their physiological and pathological significance.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chao Ye, Fen Zheng, Nan Wu, Guo-qing Zhu, Xiu-zhen Li
Summary: Vascular remodeling plays a crucial role in the development of various vascular diseases and is closely associated with the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs impact vascular remodeling by affecting oxidative stress, inflammation, calcification, and lipid plaque formation. Therefore, EVs have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as therapeutic targets for vascular remodeling and cardiovascular diseases.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qingle Ma, Qin Fan, Xiao Han, Ziliang Dong, Jialu Xu, Jinyu Bai, Weiwei Tao, Dongdong Sun, Chao Wang
Summary: Engineering platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) to load MCC950, an NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor, for atherosclerosis-targeted therapy can significantly reduce plaque formation, lower local inflammation, and inhibit proliferation of macrophages and T cells at the plaque site compared with free drug administration. This strategy indicates the promising potential of PEVs for targeted drug delivery in atherosclerosis treatment.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Review
Hematology
Joseph E. Aslan
Summary: Platelets rapidly change in form and function to repair vascular damage, but in chronic inflammatory conditions, diverse platelet subpopulations with various activated or inhibited phenotypes emerge, potentially indicating disease. The origins and significance of these platelet phenotypic variations remain unclear. Understanding the protein-level relationships of platelets in inflammation, immune response, and aging may help define platelet phenotypes.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hussein Kaddour, Steven Kopcho, Yuan Lyu, Nadia Shouman, Victor Paromov, Siddharth Pratap, Chandravanu Dash, Eun-Young Kim, Jeremy Martinson, Heather McKay, Marta Epeldegui, Joseph B. Margolick, Jack T. Stapleton, Chioma M. Okeoma
Summary: This study shows how HIV infection and cocaine use affect the composition and function of semen-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). The results reveal dysregulation of extracellular proteins and miRNAs in EVs, as well as changes in cell-cell interactions and monocyte movement. These findings provide insights into the potential impact of HIV infection and cocaine use on cellular processes.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katherine D. Connolly, D. Aled Rees, Philip E. James
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometre-sized vesicles released from most cells, including adipocytes. While relatively little is known about adipocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) compared to other EV subtypes, interest in ADEVs as potential communicators in obesity is growing. Current evidence suggests that ADEVs may contribute to adipose tissue dysfunction and exacerbate cardiovascular disease in obesity.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christina C. Rolling, Tessa J. Barrett, Jeffrey S. Berger
Summary: Platelets, as vital components in primary hemostasis and thrombosis, have been recognized as important cellular mediators in innate immunity and inflammation. Through forming monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPA) with circulating monocytes, activated platelets have the ability to modulate the phenotype and function of monocytes. The platelet-monocyte axis serves as a crucial link between thrombosis and inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Danielle M. Coenen, Alexandra C. A. Heinzmann, Silvia Oggero, Hugo J. Albers, Magdolna Nagy, Perrine Hague, Marijke J. E. Kuijpers, Jean-Marie Vanderwinden, Andries D. van der Meer, Mauro Perretti, Rory R. Koenen, Judith M. E. M. Cosemans
Summary: This study demonstrated previously unrecognized roles for platelet PDE3A and platelet PDE5 in platelet procoagulant and proinflammatory responses. Cilostazol delayed platelet-dependent fibrin formation under whole blood flow and reduced the release of phosphatidylserine-positive extracellular vesicles from human platelets, while both cilostazol and tadalafil reduced platelet interactions with inflamed endothelium and the release of chemokines. Additionally, cilostazol, but not tadalafil, reduced monocyte recruitment and platelet-monocyte interaction in vitro.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rui Zhang, Shuai Niu, Zhihua Rong, Fengshi Li, Leng Ni, Xiao Di, Changwei Liu
Summary: Endothelial dysfunction in diabetic cardiovascular complications can be exacerbated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from high glucose-induced monocytes, which transport miR-142-5p and impair endothelial cells. Inhibiting miR-142-5p may offer potential adjunctive protection for diabetic cardiovascular health.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Trincianti, Vincenzo Meleca, Edoardo La Porta, Maurizio Bruschi, Giovanni Candiano, Andrea Garbarino, Xhuliana Kajana, Alberto Preda, Francesca Lugani, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Andrea Angeletti, Pasquale Esposito, Enrico Verrina
Summary: Peritoneal dialysis is the preferred dialysis modality for pediatric patients with end-stage kidney disease, but long-term complications can affect patient's health and adequacy. Chronic inflammation plays an important role in peritoneal membrane alterations, and understanding these mechanisms can improve clinical outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Francesca Greco, Alessandra Stefania Rizzuto, Marta Zara, Marco Cafora, Chiara Favero, Giulia Solazzo, Ilaria Giusti, Maria Pia Adorni, Francesca Zimetti, Vincenza Dolo, Cristina Banfi, Nicola Ferri, Cesare R. Sirtori, Alberto Corsini, Silvia Stella Barbieri, Anna Pistocchi, Valentina Bollati, Chiara Macchi, Massimiliano Ruscica
Summary: This study reveals that PCSK9 plays an inflammatory role through EVs released by vascular smooth muscle cells, affecting the function and content of neighboring cells, and may have a significant role in atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Han Bao, Zi-Tong Li, Lei-Han Xu, Tong-Yue Su, Yue Han, Min Bao, Ze Liu, Yang-Jing Fan, Yue Lou, Yi Chen, Zong-Lai Jiang, Xiao-Bo Gong, Ying-Xin Qi
Summary: The study revealed a potential association between increased vascular stiffness following neointimal hyperplasia and the PTEN/PIP3/Akt pathway mediated by platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs), which promote the production and secretion of Col8a1. These findings suggest that pEVs and key molecules could serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating neointimal hyperplasia.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
S. Coveney, S. Murphy, O. Belton, T. Cassidy, M. Crowe, E. Dolan, M. de Gaetano, J. Harbison, G. Horgan, M. Marnane, J. J. McCabe, A. Merwick, I Noone, D. Williams, P. J. Kelly
Summary: The study found that inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and hsCRP independently predicted one-year recurrent vascular events, with IL-6 and hsCRP also predicting one-year fatality. This suggests that baseline inflammatory cytokines can predict late recurrence and supports the rationale for randomized trials of anti-inflammatory agents for prevention after stroke, indicating targeted therapy to high-risk patients with high baseline inflammation may be beneficial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Fabio A. Abade dos Santos, Andreia Pinto, Thomas Burgoyne, Kevin P. Dalton, Carina L. Carvalho, David W. Ramilo, Carla Carneiro, Tania Carvalho, M. Conceicao Peleteiro, Francisco Parra, Margarida D. Duarte
Summary: The study confirms the presence and replication of RHDV2 in Eurasian badgers through various evidences, indicating their susceptibility to the virus and potential transmission to wild rabbits. This discovery suggests a paradigm shift in the replication cycle of caliciviruses.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sarah Coveney, John J. McCabe, Sean Murphy, Orina Belton, Cleona Gray, Tim Cassidy, Eamon Dolan, Monica de Gaetano, Joe Harbison, Gillian Horgan, Michael Marnane, Aine Merwick, Imelda Noone, David J. Williams, Peter J. Kelly
Summary: The study found an association between acute plaque inflammation and symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in TIA patients, as well as an association between high-sensitivity CRP and recurrent ischemic stroke within 90 days.
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rebecca Cheung, Grazia Pizza, Pauline Chabosseau, Delphine Rolando, Alejandra Tomas, Thomas Burgoyne, Zhiyi Wu, Anna Salowka, Anusha Thapa, Annabel Macklin, Yufei Cao, Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu, Matthew T. Dickerson, David A. Jacobson, Piero Marchetti, James Shapiro, Lorenzo Piemonti, Eelco de Koning, Isabelle Leclerc, Karim Bouzakri, Kei Sakamoto, David M. Smith, Guy A. Rutter, Aida Martinez-Sanchez
Summary: This study demonstrates that the elevated expression of miR-125b-5p is associated with impaired pancreatic beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes, and overexpression of this miRNA impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Screening identifies multiple targets of miR-125b-5p, including a transporter and a regulator of organelle dynamics. In human beta cells, silencing miR-125b-5p enhances insulin secretion, while overexpression in a mouse model leads to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreia L. Pinto, Ranjit K. Rai, Jonathan C. Brown, Paul Griffin, James R. Edgar, Anand Shah, Aran Singanayagam, Claire Hogg, Wendy S. Barclay, Clare E. Futter, Thomas Burgoyne
Summary: Ultrastructural studies reveal the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection within host cells, with ciliated cells being the primary target. The virus enters the cells through fusion with the plasma membrane, releasing the nucleoprotein-encapsidated genome, while viral budding occurs through fusion with membrane compartments.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jane Howard, Kieran Wynne, Evelin Moldenhauer, Paul Clarke, Ciaran Maguire, Stephanie Bollard, Xiaofei Yin, Lorraine Brennan, Louise Mooney, Stephen Fitzsimons, Melinda Halasz, Ester Rani Aluri, Dermot F. Brougham, Walter Kolch, Roisin M. Dwyer, Shirley Potter, Pamela Kelly, Amanda McCann
Summary: This study validates the application of the MISEV2018 guidelines in felines by isolating and characterizing EVs from both humans and felines. The results show similarities between human and feline EVs in terms of concentration, expression of known markers, and particle to protein ratios.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chiara De Santi, Frances K. Nally, Remsha Afzal, Conor P. Duffy, Stephen Fitzsimons, Stephanie L. Annett, Tracy Robson, Jennifer K. Dowling, Sally-Ann Cryan, Claire E. McCoy
Summary: Macrophages are crucial in innate immunity, but can lead to inflammatory diseases if persistently in a pro-inflammatory state. Reprogramming macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype through targeting a mitochondrial enzyme like arginase 2 shows promise in modulating macrophage phenotype.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Darragh O'Dowd, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Simone Marcone
Summary: Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a type of cancer with poor patient outcomes. Surveillance programs for its precursor lesion, Barrett's oesophagus (BO), are expensive and unpleasant. Prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers can improve surveillance and early detection, while predictive biomarkers can enhance individualized therapy.
Article
Cell Biology
Cristina Martinez-Fernandez de la Camara, Tina Storm, Ahmed Salman, Thomas Burgoyne, Martin Qvist Rasmussen, Harry O. Orlans, Angela J. Russell, Stephen G. Davies, Alun R. Barnard, Robert E. MacLaren
Summary: Retinal astrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis by providing neurotrophic factors, antioxidative support, and defense mechanisms. However, the heterogeneity of astrocyte subtypes poses a challenge for identifying potential therapeutic targets. This study discovered that the cell cycle regulator p16(INK4a) is expressed in immature astrocytes in the mouse retina and may serve as a valuable marker for further investigations of retinal development and degenerative retinopathies.
JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Travis Walton, Miao Gui, Simona Velkova, Mahmoud R. Fassad, Robert A. Hirst, Eric Haarman, Christopher O'Callaghan, Mathieu Bottier, Thomas Burgoyne, Hannah M. Mitchison, Alan Brown
Summary: The recent research achievements have determined the atomic models of the 96-nm modular repeats of axonemes, revealing the conservation and specialization of axonemes and the mechanisms that regulate ciliary motility. The structures of respiratory-cilia doublet microtubules from individuals with PCD have shown how the loss of individual docking factors can selectively eradicate periodically repeating structures.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
George Sideris-Lampretsas, Silvia Oggero, Lynda Zeboudj, Rita Silva, Archana Bajpai, Gopuraja Dharmalingam, David A. Collier, Marzia Malcangio
Summary: This study suggests that pain attenuation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease may be due to the absence of TLR4 in microglia and the lack of Galectin-3 released by sensory neurons.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Burgoyne, Clare E. Futter
Summary: Gold particle probes are widely used in electron microscopy to examine protein localization and trafficking. They can be introduced into living cells or fixed cells through conjugation with proteins or antibodies. Colloidal gold particles with specific sizes are ideal for computer-assisted analysis, and a program has been developed to automate the identification and analysis of gold particles in electron microscope images. This program can greatly assist electron microscopists in analyzing gold particles accurately and efficiently.
Article
Ophthalmology
Bruce A. Berkowitz, Robert H. Podolsky, Karen Lins Childers, Tom Burgoyne, Giulia De Rossi, Haohua Qian, Robin Roberts, Ryan Katz, Rida Waseem, Cole Goodman
Summary: This study investigates the potential changes in mitochondria distribution within the rod inner segment ellipsoid of mice under different energy needs. The results suggest that the activity of rod mitochondria in mice can be evaluated noninvasively based on the shape of the inner segment ellipsoid.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Clare Futter, Thomas Burgoyne, Pedro Fale, Tina Storm, Miguel Seabra, Michael Hall
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Moritz J. Strowitzki, Ross Nelson, Mario P. Garcia, Christopher Tuffs, Marc B. Bleul, Stephen Fitzsimons, Javier Navas, Ilona Uzieliene, Alina S. Ritter, David Phelan, Sarah J. Kierans, Alfonso Blanco, Eiva Bernotiene, Orina Belton, Martin Schneider, Eoin P. Cummins, Cormac T. Taylor
Summary: CO2, a major product of respiration, is poorly understood in terms of its biology. Elevated CO2 levels can suppress immune cell activity and migration, and affect macrophage activation through changes in intracellular pH. Patients with chronic lung diseases and elevated systemic CO2 display impaired wound healing and reduced intestinal macrophage infiltration.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
