Review
Immunology
Qian Li, Jingjing Han, Yonglin Yang, Yu Chen
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide. In recent years, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, has brought fundamental changes to the treatment of advanced HCC. However, challenges remain and combination therapy may be a better option to improve the low remission rate.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ewa Surmiak, Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz, Bogdan Musielak, Damian Muszak, Justyna Kocik-Krol, Radoslaw Kitel, Jacek Plewka, Tad A. Holak, Lukasz Skalniak
Summary: This article compares representative molecules from different classes in terms of their PD-1/PD-L1 dissociation capacity and in vitro bioactivity. Recent discoveries underscore important differences in the mechanisms of action of these molecules, with one principal feature to consider being the eventual human PD-L1 specificity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuedi Yang, Yani Cui, Wanxu Cao, Mingda Zhao, Weimin Lin, Ruiling Xu, Yang Xu, Yafang Chen, Hongjun Li, Jie Liang, Yunfeng Lin, Yujiang Fan, Xingdong Zhang, Yong Sun
Summary: By injecting short rod-like nanohydroxyapatite, the upregulation of PD-L1 related gene transcription can be enhanced, leading to improved immune response. Based on this, researchers developed an injectable hydrogel reservoir for combination immunotherapy, which showed significant therapeutic effects.
Review
Immunology
Tianye Li, Xinrun Wang, Mengke Niu, Mingli Wang, Jianwei Zhou, Kongming Wu, Ming Yi
Summary: The PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway is crucial in cancer immune evasion, and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies are a significant milestone in cancer immunotherapy. However, low response rates and therapeutic resistance remain obstacles. Studies have shown that overexpressed TGF-beta is an additional immunosuppressive factor. Blocking TGF-beta and PD-L1 simultaneously can enhance the efficacy of PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and overcome resistance. Next-generation bispecific antibodies targeting TGF-beta and PD-L1 have demonstrated superior anti-tumor activity compared to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Chengliang Sun, Mingxiao Yin, Yao Cheng, Zean Kuang, Xiaojia Liu, Gefei Wang, Xiao Wang, Kai Yuan, Wenjian Min, Jingwen Dong, Yi Hou, Lingrong Hu, Guoyu Zhang, Wenli Pei, Liping Wang, Yanze Sun, Xinmiao Yu, Yibei Xiao, Hongbin Deng, Peng Yang
Summary: S4-1 is an innovative small-molecule inhibitor of PD-L1 that effectively alters the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction, enhances cytotoxicity of immune cells towards tumor cells, and shows significant tumor growth inhibition in vivo. It also activates T-cells and reverses the inhibitory tumor microenvironment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ofek Mussafi, Jie Mei, Wenjun Mao, Yuan Wan
Summary: This review summarizes the use of other promising immunotherapies and targeted therapies in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in the treatment of lung cancers and briefly discusses possible outlooks for future treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhongxi Zhao, Guangwei Wei, Jianxiong Zhao, Yueyue Sun, Peng Gao
Summary: S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) has significant anti-tumor effects and can inhibit inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our study demonstrates that SAMC enhances anti-tumor immunity by increasing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and NK cells, decreasing the frequency of Treg cells, and promoting systemic immune function. Mechanistically, SAMC suppresses PD-L1 expression through the STAT3 pathway, leading to the activation of anti-tumor cytotoxic T cells.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tianrui Yang, Ziren Kong, Wenbin Ma
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized tumor immunotherapy, but face challenges in the treatment of glioblastoma due to its unique immunosuppressive characteristics. Recent clinical studies are focusing on combination therapies involving standard treatments, targeted therapies, and other immunotherapies to improve outcomes for patients with GBM.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yujeong Moon, Man Kyu Shim, Jiwoong Choi, Suah Yang, Jinseong Kim, Wan Su Yun, Hanhee Cho, Jung Yeon Park, Yongju Kim, Joon-Kyung Seong, Kwangmeyung Kim
Summary: In this study, the researchers propose a new strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy by using anti-PD-L1 peptide-conjugated prodrug nanoparticles (PD-NPs). The PD-NPs are taken up by cancer cells and release the drug, resulting in the disruption of immune-suppressing pathways and the enhancement of T lymphocyte immune responses. The results show that PD-NPs accumulate in tumor tissues and recruit a large amount of immune cells, leading to effective antitumor effects. This strategy has the potential to overcome the toxicity and low response rate issues in current cancer immunotherapy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing-Jing Wang, Michelle Kwan-Yee Siu, Yu-Xin Jiang, Thomas Ho-Yin Leung, David Wai Chan, Huo-Gang Wang, Hextan Yuen-Sheung Ngan, Karen Kar-Loen Chan
Summary: PD-L1 blockade is used in ovarian cancer treatment, with investigations into combination treatments to improve response rates. The dependence on glutamine in tumors, including ovarian cancer, is observed, with GLS promoting tumorigenesis. Combining GLS inhibitor 968 with PD-L1 blockade enhances immune response against ovarian cancer, withGLS levels predicting poor survival and correlating with the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Review
Oncology
Meghan M. Lynch, Borislav A. Alexiev, Brett A. Schroeder, Seth M. Pollack
Summary: Although no PD-1 inhibitor has been FDA approved for use in sarcoma, the use of single agent PD-1 inhibitors is considered standard-of-care in certain specific subtypes and situations. While the role of immunotherapy in sarcoma is still being defined, there is increasing interest in combining PD-1 inhibitors with standard treatments, especially chemotherapy, with early phase trials showing potential benefits. More data is needed to support the combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy, and further evaluation in well-designed clinical trials is recommended.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jinhua Liu, Zichao Chen, Yaqun Li, Wenjie Zhao, JiBiao Wu, Zhen Zhang
Summary: Programmed death protein 1 (PD1) is an important immune checkpoint on T cells that plays a crucial role in downregulating the immune system and promoting self-tolerance, while its ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1), is overexpressed in malignant tumor cells, contributing to immune evasion and treatment failure. Despite the clinical efficacy of PD1/PDL1 inhibitors in many tumors, some patients may develop drug resistance, highlighting the need for further research into improving targeted therapies and understanding the associated safety issues.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zhengqing Lei, Weihu Ma, Anfeng Si, Yuhua Zhang, Facai Yang, Qiushi Yu, Haolan Tang, Qianru Xiao, Jiahua Zhou, Kui Wang, Yufu Tang, Tao Han, Guowen Yin, Jinhong Chen, Xiufeng Liu, Hua Zhao, Decai Yu, Tao Luo, Qing Wang, Maolin Yan, Xianhai Mao, Jing Li, Kai Wang, Jingdong Li, Yongyi Zeng, Dequan Ding, Tingsong Chen, Xiaofeng Wu, Yongxiang Xia, Kang Wang, Weixing Guo, Guangyu Zhu, Shan Gao, Norbert Hueser, Wan Y. Lau, Tianqiang Song, Shuqun Cheng, Feng Shen, Zhangjun Cheng
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of different anti-PD-1 combination therapies as the first-line treatment for uICC. The results showed that ICI-chemo and ICI-target therapies had better survival outcomes and fewer adverse events compared to chemotherapy. ICI-target-chemo had similar efficacy to ICI-chemo but resulted in more adverse events.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pia Adam, Stefan Kircher, Iuliu Sbiera, Viktoria Florentine Koehler, Elke Berg, Thomas Knoesel, Benjamin Sandner, Wiebke Kristin Fenske, Hendrik Blaeker, Constantin Smaxwil, Andreas Zielke, Bence Sipos, Stephanie Allelein, Matthias Schott, Christine Dierks, Christine Spitzweg, Martin Fassnacht, Matthias Kroiss
Summary: High tumoral expression of PD-L1 in a large proportion of ATCs and a subgroup of PDTCs provides a rationale for immune checkpoint inhibition. FGFR expression is generally low in thyroid tumor cells. No impact of PD-L1 and FGFR 1-4 expression was observed on disease specific survival. The clinically observed synergism of PEM with LEN may be caused by immune modulation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Mengling Wu, Qianrui Huang, Yao Xie, Xuyi Wu, Hongbo Ma, Yiwen Zhang, Yong Xia
Summary: PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints inhibit the anticancer effect of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, and downregulation or upregulation of PD-L1 expression can improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Overcoming the current limitations of this treatment can expand its anticancer applications and improve patient response rates and survival time.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Pena-Asensio, Henar Calvo, Joaquin Miquel, Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos, Alejandro Gonzalez-Praetorius, Miguel Torralba, Juan-Ramon Larrubia
Summary: This study aimed to predict the restoration of HBV-specific CD8(+) cell response during nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) treatment and use it as a tool for treatment stopping. Short-term low-level antigen exposure and early long-term NUC treatment were found to influence the restoration of a functional HBV-specific CD8(+) cell response. Based on these predictors, a high likelihood of detecting this response at treatment withdrawal is associated with off-treatment HBV control and HBsAg decline and loss.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Francisco Valverde-Lopez, Juan Gabriel Martinez-Cara, Eduardo Redondo-Cerezo
Summary: Acute pancreatitis is a common disease in gastroenterology, with gallstones and alcohol as the main causes. Diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques have been well defined, with ultrasound being useful for diagnosing the cause and computed tomography being better for assessing risk and complications. Fluid therapy, early oral feeding, and pain management are the mainstay of early treatment for acute pancreatitis. Antibiotics are useful when infected necrosis or extra pancreatic infections are present or suspected, but not for prophylaxis in sterile necrotizing pancreatitis. Minimally invasive approaches have emerged for managing walled off necrosis, improving complications rates, quality of life, and hospital stay compared to open surgery.
Article
Immunology
Rocio Montejano, Fernando de la Calle-Prieto, Maria Velasco, Carlos Guijarro, Javier Queiruga-Parada, Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez, Patricia Gonzalez-Ruano, Patricia Martinez, Ane Josune Goikoetxea, Marta Ibarrola, Marianela Ciudad, Angela Gutierrez, Miguel Torralba, Ana Diaz-Brasero, Pablo Ryan, Cristina Marcelo, Cristina Diez, Sofia Ibarra, Esperanza Merino, Vicente Estrada, Javier Marcos, Maria Novella, Maria A. Rivera, Manuel Ruiz-Munoz, Marta de Miguel, Llanos Soler, Mikel Del Alamo, Santiago Moreno, Antonio J. Carcas, Alberto M. Borobia, Jose R. Arribas
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) treatment in high-risk patients with severe COVID-19. The results showed that TDF/FTC did not provide significant benefits, while the beneficial effect of baricitinib, as established by prior clinical trials, was confirmed.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nora Mariela Martinez Ramirez, Alejandro Gonzalez Praetorius, Yolanda Martinez Benito, Maria Victoria Garcia Rivera, Begona Caballero Lopez, Miguel Torralba Gonzalez de Suso
Summary: This study analyzed the epidemiological changes of Hepatitis A Virus Infection (HAI) in the province of Guadalajara, Mexico from 1991 to 2017, and found a decrease in the incidence rate of HAI in the area. The main risk factors included family and non-family contact, as well as travel to endemic areas. When establishing prevention policies, the infection risks related to travel and sexual practices should be considered.
GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
David Torres-Fernandez, Santiago Jimenez de Ory, Claudia Fortuny, Talia Sainz, Dolores Falcon, Enrique Bernal, Miguel Cervero Jimenez, Marta Navarro Vilasaro, Cristina Epalza, Marisa Navarro, Jose Tomas Ramos, Africa Holguin, Luis Prieto
Summary: The study found that INI-based regimens are effective and safe for HIV treatment in children and adolescents. Dolutegravir and elvitegravir are commonly used drugs and have shown excellent treatment outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Pena-Asensio, Henar Calvo, Joaquin Miquel, Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos, Alejandro Gonzalez-Praetorius, Miguel Torralba, Juan-Ramon Larrubia
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alfonso Cabello-Ubeda, Juan Carlos Lopez Bernardo de Quiros, Luz Martin Carbonero, Jesus Sanz, Jorge Vergas, Alvaro Mena, Miguel Torralba, Marta Hernandez Segurado, Adriana Pinto, Francisco Tejerina, Esmeralda Palmier, Angela Gutierrez, Pilar Vazquez, Federico Pulido, Miguel Gorgolas
Summary: In a real-life multicenter cohort of treatment-naive PLWH, DTG + 3TC therapy showed high effectiveness and favorable safety results, comparable to those of randomized clinical trials. No treatment-emergent resistance was observed.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Fatima Branas, Miguel Torralba, Antonio Antela, Jorge Vergas, Margarita Ramirez, Pablo Ryan, Fernando Dronda, Maria Jose Galindo, Isabel Machuca, Maria Jesus Bustinduy, Alfonso Cabello, Maria Luisa Montes, Matilde Sanchez-Conde
Summary: This study found that frailty, geriatric syndromes, and comorbidity had negative effects on quality of life and mortality in older adults with HIV. Frailty had the greatest negative effect, highlighting the need for screening for frailty and geriatric syndromes in clinical practice for this population.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Miguel Torralba, Gema Rodriguez, Francisco Javier Gonzalez Gasca, Fernando Cuadra, Jose Barbera, Paloma Geijo, Andrea Silva, Maria Isabel Garcia, Marcos Alexander Ostaiza, Ana Maria Garcia Perez, Esther Arroyo, Juan Ramon Larrubia, Almudena Gutierrez, Maria Lourdes Porras, Henar Calvo Sanchez, Julia Pena-Asensio, Julio Gabriel Arias, Ines Mendoza
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness, safety, durability, and predictive variables of BIC/FTC/TAF in a real-life cohort of HIV patients. The results showed that BIC/FTC/TAF is effective and safe for both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients, and age, sex, CD4 cell count, and viral load were not associated with therapeutic failure.
ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Correction
Medicine, Research & Experimental
M. Masia, S. Padilla, G. Estan, J. Portu, A. Silva, A. Rivero, A. Gonzalez-Cordon, L. Garcia-Fraile, O. Martinez, E. Bernal, C. Galera, V. Boix Martinez, J. Macias, M. Montero, D. Garcia-Rosado, M. J. Vivancos-Gallego, J. Llenas-Garcia, M. Torralba, J. A. Garcia, V. Agullo, M. Fernandez-Gonzalez, F. Gutierrez, E. Martinez
Article
Infectious Diseases
Santiago Moreno, Antonio Rivero, Pere Ventayol, Vicenc Falco, Miguel Torralba, Melanie Schroeder, Victoria Neches, Laura Amanda Vallejo-Aparicio, Isaac Mackenzie, Matthew Turner, Cale Harrison
Summary: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of long-acting cabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) compared to current oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV. The results show that CAB+RPV long-acting treatment improves health-related quality of life and has a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio, making it a cost-effective alternative.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ines Mendoza, Alicia Lazaro, Alfredo Espinosa, Lorenzo Sanchez, Ana Maria Horta, Miguel Torralba
Summary: This study shows that dolutegravir plus lamivudine (2-DR) is not as effective as bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (3-DR) in treating HIV-1. However, the durability and safety of 2-DR are similar to 3-DR.