期刊
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A
卷 52, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2016-16150-x
关键词
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资金
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177]
QCD factorisation for semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at low transverse momentum in the current-fragmentation region has been established recently, providing a rigorous basis to study the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distribution and fragmentation functions of partons from semi-inclusive DIS data using different spin-dependent and spin-independent observables. The main focus of the experiments were the measurements of various single-and double-spin asymmetries in hadron electro-production (ep up arrow -> ehX) with unpolarised, longitudinally and transversely polarised targets. The joint use of a longitudinally polarised beam and longitudinally and transversely polarised targets allowed to measure double-spin asymmetries related to leading-twist distribution functions describing the transversemomentum distribution of longitudinally and transversely polarised quarks in a longitudinally and transversely polarised nucleons (helicity and worm-gear TMDs). The single-spin asymmetries measured with transversely polarised targets, provided access to specific leading-twist parton distribution functions: the transversity, the Sivers function and the so-called pretzelosity function. In this review we present the current status and some future measurements of TMDs worldwide.
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