Article
Ophthalmology
Yuanfang Yang, Qinghui Wu, Wei Pan, Longbo Wen, Zhiwei Luo, Haoran Wu, Guangyao Ran, Zhikuan Yang, Xiaoning Li
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of objective ocular surface parameters in children with myopia who are candidates for orthokeratology lens wear. The results showed that tear secretion increases and meibomian gland deficiency worsens with age. The dry eye diagnostic criteria for adults may be applicable to orthokeratology candidates aged 12-18 years but should be lower for younger candidates.
OPHTHALMOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Pasquale Aragona, Christophe Baudouin, Jose M. Benitez del Castillo, Elisabeth Messmer, Stefano Barabino, Jesus Merayo-Lloves, Francoise Brignole-Baudouin, Leandro Inferrera, Maurizio Rolando, Rita Mencucci, Maria Rescigno, Stefano Bonini, Marc Labetoulle
Summary: The ocular surface flora plays a crucial role in the defense mechanisms of the ocular surface system, but its composition is influenced by various factors such as investigation methods, environment, diet, sex, age, and diseases. Understanding the composition and function of the ocular surface flora is essential for further research on the role of ocular surface dynamics in health and disease.
SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Gulnoza Azieva, Dimitra Makrynioti, Reynolds Kwame Ablordeppey, Carol Lin, Alexandra Benavente-Perez
Summary: This study aimed to develop a novel protocol to assess the ocular surface in a non-human primate model (common marmoset) and compare the changes in central corneal thickness, tear osmolarity, blink rate, and tear meniscus height in untreated marmosets and marmosets treated with contact lenses. The findings showed that marmosets treated with contact lenses experienced an increase in blink rate, central corneal thickness, and tear meniscus height, along with a decrease in tear osmolarity within the first few months of contact lens treatment.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Philip B. Morgan, Paul J. Murphy, Kate L. Gifford, Paul Gifford, Blanka Golebiowski, Leah Johnson, Dimitra Makrynioti, Amir M. Moezzi, Kurt Moody, Maria Navascues-Cornago, Helmer Schweizer, Kasandra Swiderska, Graeme Young, Mark Willcox
Summary: Contact lenses have improved in oxygen permeability, reducing ocular surface hypoxia issues. Orthokeratology lenses or soft multifocal contact lenses can help reduce myopia. However, effects on eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea require further research.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mark Willcox, Nancy Keir, Vinod Maseedupally, Simin Masoudi, Alison McDermott, Rabia Mobeen, Christine Purslow, Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido, Silvia Tavazzi, Fabrizio Zeri, Lyndon Jones
Summary: Contact lens materials have undergone significant changes in the past 20 years with the introduction of silicone hydrogel materials. However, research is still needed to improve comfort, as the association between contact lens wettability and comfort is not clear. The interactions between lens materials, tear film, and disinfection solution play an important role in biocompatibility, but whether this can be altered to improve comfort remains debatable.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ritu Arora, Ravindra Saran, Vikas Jha, Nikhil Dattatraya Gotmare, Parul Jain
Summary: This study compared the effects of SLET and CLAU on patients with chronic chemical burns, and found no significant difference in CK3 expression between the two procedures.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Rashmi Deshmukh, Darren Shu Jeng Ting, Ahmad Elsahn, Imran Mohammed, Dalia G. Said, Harminder Singh Dua
Summary: Ikervis is a useful topical treatment for managing ocular surface inflammatory diseases in real-world settings, but preparations with improved tolerability are needed to benefit a larger number of patients.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Judy Weng, Steven Trinh, Rachel Lee, Rana Metwale, Ajay Sharma
Summary: The study found that high glucose exposure can lead to a decrease in gene expression of proteins involved in cellular proliferation of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, but does not affect the level or spatial distribution of glycocalyx components.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ramachandram Badugu, Henryk Szmacinski, E. Albert Reece, Bennie H. Jeng, Joseph R. Lakowicz
Summary: The article introduces a sodium ion-sensitive contact lens for diagnosing dry eye disease. By synthesizing and testing new fluorescent probes, it is possible to design a contact lens that is sensitive to all electrolytes in tears.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Brice Ballet, Josephine Behaegel, Sjur Reppe, Alejandra Consejo, Hans Christian Aass, Tor Paaske Utheim, Carina Koppen, Sorcha Ni Dhubhghaill
Summary: This study examines the effects of 5 hours of well-fitted mini-scleral contact lens wear on tear film cytokine expression in healthy eyes. The results indicate that 5 hours of lens wear did not significantly affect the cytokine-to-protein ratio in healthy eyes.
EYE & CONTACT LENS-SCIENCE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jose Carlos Zarzuela, Roberto Reinoso, Alicia Armentia, Amalia Enriquez-de-Salamanca, Alfredo Corell
Summary: Conjunctival intraepithelial lymphocytes, tear soluble molecules, and commensal microbiota play important roles in ocular mucosal immune response. This study analyzed the cellular and microbial populations of the conjunctiva and tear fluid to identify biomarkers for allergic conjunctivitis. The results showed distinct differences between perennial and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, including changes in lymphocyte populations and cytokine levels.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Nina Tahhan, Thomas J. Naduvilath, Craig Woods, Eric Papas
Summary: This study retrospectively compared the ocular physiology of contact lens wearers from different time periods. The study found that corneal staining was worse for contact lens wearers 10 years ago compared to 20 years ago and recent years. However, most ocular physiological variables in recent years were similar between habitual contact lens wearers and neophytes.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jehan Alam, Zhiyuan Yu, Cintia S. de Paiva, Stephen C. Pflugfelder
Summary: This study investigated the lacrimal ocular surface retinoid axis in systemic vitamin A deficiency, showing that retinoids are crucial for maintaining a healthy ocular surface and have immunomodulatory effects in the conjunctiva. The study found that both all trans- and 9-cis-RA can suppress dry eye-related inflammatory mediators and that perturbation of the homeostatic retinoid axis could exacerbate inflammation on the ocular surface.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Merrelynn Hong, Louis Tong, Jodhbir S. Mehta, Hon Shing Ong
Summary: Ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are significant causes of ocular morbidity, characterized by chronic inflammation, redness, irritation, discomfort, and pain. External exposomes, such as dust, pollution, and stress, and internal exposomes, including the ocular surface microbiome, gut microflora, and oxidative stress, have been increasingly studied for their impact on OSDs. Understanding the changes in the ocular surface microbiome and the impact of various exposomes may help establish the causative factors underlying OSDs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jose Vicente Garcia-Marques, Cristian Talens-Estarelles, Santiago Garcia-Lazaro, Alejandro Cervino
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effects of soft contact lens wear and its duration on tear film and meibomian gland. The results showed that contact lens wearers had higher meibomian gland dropout and lower gland visibility. Prolonged contact lens wear was associated with increased dry eye symptoms and entropy of the meibomian glands.
Article
Ophthalmology
Augustine N. Nti, Bismark Owusu-Afriyie, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Samuel Kyei, Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo, Kelechi C. Ogbuehi, Mhamed Ouzzani, Kingsley E. Agho, Khathutshelo Percy Mashige, Edgar Ekure, Bernadine N. Ekpenyong, Stephen Ocansey, Antor O. Ndep, Chukwuemeka Junior Obinwanne, David A. Berntsen, James S. Wolffsohn, Kovin S. Naidoo
Summary: This study investigates the perception and adoption of myopia control strategies among African eye care practitioners. The results indicate that African eye care practitioners continue to predominantly prescribe single vision spectacles instead of other myopia control modalities, and their perception of the efficacy of these modalities does not align with the current best evidence. Clear practice guidelines and continuing education are needed to improve the management of myopic patients in Africa.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Clara Martinez-Perez, Cesar Villa-Collar, Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido, James S. Wolffsohn
Summary: This study reports on the results of a survey conducted in Spain in 2019, comparing them with results from other regions worldwide. The survey found that Spain, Asia, and South America had the highest concern about the increasing incidence of myopia. However, single-vision spectacles and contact lenses were still the main methods of visual correction prescribed to young myopic patients in these regions. Spanish practitioners, like those from other regions, considered orthokeratology as the most effective treatment for myopia control. The main reasons why Spanish practitioners did not prescribe myopia control strategies were increased cost, inadequate information, and unpredictable outcomes.
JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Cristian Talens-Estarelles, Alejandro Cervino, Santiago Garcia-Lazaro, Andrej Fogelton, Amy Sheppard, James S. Wolffsohn
Summary: Based on the study, the 20-20-20 rule, which suggests looking at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes, is an effective strategy for reducing digital eye strain and dry eye symptoms.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sumeer Singh, Laura E. E. Downie, Andrew J. J. Anderson
Summary: This study found that critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF) is not a useful surrogate for visual fatigue symptoms, given its low correlation with scores on a visual fatigue symptom questionnaire.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sunil Shah, Debarun Dutta, Ankur Barua, Ludger Hanneken, Shehzad A. Naroo
Summary: The study aimed to determine the effects of Tixel (R) treatment on dry eye disease. The results showed that Tixel treatment significantly improved dry eye symptoms and had no adverse events.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Maria Markoulli, Sumayya Ahmad, Jayashree Arcot, Reiko Arita, Jose Benitez-del-Castillo, Barbara Caffery, Laura E. Downie, Katie Edwards, Judith Flanagan, Marc Labetoulle, Stuti L. Misra, Malgorzata Mrugacz, Sumeer Singh, John Sheppard, Jelle Vehof, Piera Versura, Mark D. P. Willcox, Jillian Ziemanski, James S. Wolffsohn
Summary: Nutrients obtained from the diet are essential for human bodies to function properly, including macronutrients, micronutrients, and water. They provide energy, support the body's structure, and regulate chemical processes. Non-nutrients in food and drinks can be beneficial or harmful to the body and ocular surface. The impact of nutrition on ocular surface health and its relation to chronic diseases are important topics of study.
Article
Ophthalmology
Jennifer P. Craig, Monica Alves, James S. Wolffsohn, Laura E. Downie, Nathan Efron, Anat Galor, Jose Alvaro P. Gomes, Lyndon Jones, Maria Markoulli, Fiona Stapleton, Christopher E. Starr, Amy Gallant Sullivan, Mark D. P. Willcox, David A. Sullivan
Summary: The TFOS Lifestyle Workshop report provides evidence-based conclusions and recommendations on ocular surface health, covering lifestyle factors such as contact lenses, cosmetics, digital environment, medications and procedures, environmental conditions, lifestyle challenges, nutrition, and societal challenges.
Article
Ophthalmology
Lyndon Jones, Nathan Efron, Kalika Bandamwar, Melissa Barnett, Deborah S. Jacobs, Isabelle Jalbert, Heiko Pult, Michelle K. Rhee, Heather Sheardown, Joseph P. Shovlin, Ulli Stahl, Adriana Stanila, Jacqueline Tan, Silvia Tavazzi, Omur O. Ucakhan, Mark D. P. Willcox, Laura E. Downie
Summary: The lifestyle choices of contact lens wearers can have negative impacts on eye health, such as poor adherence to care, sleeping in lenses, inappropriate purchases, lack of regular aftercare visits, wearing lenses while feeling unwell, wearing lenses too soon after surgery, and wearing lenses during risky behaviors. However, contact lenses can also provide therapeutic benefits. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new challenges for contact lens wearers, including mask-associated dry eye, increased discomfort from digital device use, accidental exposure to hand sanitizers, and reduced lens usage.
Article
Ophthalmology
Sayantan Biswas, Nicola S. S. Logan, Leon N. N. Davies, Amy L. L. Sheppard, James S. S. Wolffsohn
Summary: ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence language model that simulates human conversation using natural language processing. This study evaluated the accuracy of ChatGPT in answering questions about myopia and found that it provided good quality information for most questions.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Jeremy Chung Bo Chiang, Vincent Tran, James S. S. Wolffsohn
Summary: Dry eye disease has a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Corneal confocal microscopy shows potential in detecting nerve loss or damage in DED. However, there is heterogeneity among studies in terms of imaging methodology, and standardization and further research are needed.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura E. Downie, Xinyuan Zhang, Mengliang Wu, Senuri Karunaratne, Joon Keit Loi, Kirthana Senthil, Sana Arshad, Kirstie Bertram, Anthony L. Cunningham, Nicole Carnt, Scott N. Mueller, Holly R. Chinnery
Summary: The healthy human cornea contains immune cells that are commonly presumed to be dendritic cells, but the researchers found that many of these immune cells are actually lymphocytes. These corneal immune cells exhibit rapid, persistent motility and interact with other cells. The behavior of these immune cells can be altered in response to acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli, which can be modulated by therapeutic intervention.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Floriana Cappiello, Sudhir Verma, Xiao Lin, Isabel Y. Moreno, Bruno Casciaro, Debarun Dutta, Alison M. McDermott, Mark Willcox, Vivien J. Coulson-Thomas, Maria Luisa Mangoni
Summary: The corneal epithelium is essential for both vision and immune defense. Corneal abrasion can lead to severe eye infections, but recent research has discovered peptides that not only treat keratitis but also promote corneal wound healing, which could have potential clinical applications.
Article
Ophthalmology
Padmaja Sankaridurg, David A. Berntsen, Mark A. Bullimore, Pauline Cho, Ian Flitcroft, Timothy J. Gawne, Kate L. Gifford, Monica Jong, Pauline Kang, Lisa A. Ostrin, Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido, Christine Wildsoet, James S. Wolffsohn
Summary: Myopia is a complex and evolving field, with ongoing research providing new insights and strategies for myopia control. The International Myopia Institute (IMI) has published white papers and updated evidence, summarizing key findings from the past two years. Studies in animal models have explored the influence of light on eye growth and potential treatments for myopia. In children, the concept of premyopia and early myopia control implementation is gaining attention. Various clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of different treatments, such as spectacle lens designs, contact lenses, and pharmaceutical options. The ethics of including control arms in clinical trials and the IMI recommendations for trial protocols are also discussed.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
James S. Wolffsohn, Yasmin Whayeb, Nicola S. Logan, Rebecca Weng, Int Myopia Inst Ambassador Grp
Summary: Surveys in 2015 and 2019 showed that there was a high level of concern and activity about myopia among eye care practitioners, but most of them still prescribed single vision interventions for young myopes. This research aimed to provide updated information on this topic. The results showed that practitioners in Asia had a significantly higher level of concern about pediatric myopia compared to other continents. Combination therapy was perceived as the most effective method of myopia control, followed by orthokeratology and pharmaceutical approaches, while single vision interventions were seen as the least effective.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
