Article
Construction & Building Technology
Kang Cheng, Riqing Xu, Hongwei Ying, Xiaolu Gan, Lisha Zhang, Sijie Liu
Summary: This study conducted an extensive investigation of a 30.2 m basement excavation in Hangzhou soft clay, utilizing diaphragm walls and concrete struts as retaining structures to reduce deformations caused by excavation. The deep excavation released greater stress in the soil and base slabs effectively constrained wall movements, while corner stiffening was found to be significant in large excavations.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nianwu Liu, Jingjie Pan, Mingguang Li, Ying Li
Summary: A comprehensive instrumentation program was conducted to analyze the deformation characteristics of an ultra-deep and small-scale rectangular excavation in Hangzhou soft clay. Field data analysis showed that the maximum wall deformation and ground settlement were less than 0.2% and 0.04% of the excavation depth, respectively, indicating the significant spatial effect of the excavation. The location of the maximum wall deformation in the ultra-deep excavation was influenced by both the excavation depth and stratum distribution. The construction of diaphragm walls and soil improvement prior to excavation resulted in significant building settlements, accounting for 30%-50% of the total settlements.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
K. Cheng, R-Q Xu, H-W Ying, X-L Gan, L-S Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the response of diaphragm walls during a large basement excavation in soft soil in Hangzhou, China. It was found that deep excavation leads to greater stress unloading and significant wall deflection. The load transfer to the struts is completed within two to three weeks after strut casting. The deeper basement excavation has only a minor effect on the distant axial forces of the struts. The horizontal earth pressure behind the diaphragm wall is linearly distributed along the depth.
SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Huasheng Sun, Jihua Zhang, Guodong Zhao, Hao Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of consolidation on tunnel response to excavation using three-dimensional coupled-consolidation finite element analyses. The results showed that basement excavation led to stress release, causing tunnel heave, and the longer consolidation time increased tunnel heave and tunnel diameter change. The results provide valuable engineering reference for analyzing soil structure problems in clay.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhaohua Sun, Jingxian Geng, Guowei Wei, Wenjin Li
Summary: This paper presents the design and construction of vacuum preloading incorporated with electroosmosis (VPE) engineering application for the treatment of soft soil on complex terrain for sluice foundation excavation in order to reduce the amount of cement used in construction. Monitoring was conducted during the VPE treatment and laboratory geotechnical tests were carried out once the treatment came to an end. Results show that the electrification mode has a significant influence on electric energy consumption.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Fei Liu, Yongjun Zhang, Tianhui Ma, Chun'an Tang
Summary: This study conducted long-term monitoring of a deep excavation project in Qingdao Metro Lines, successfully identified a high-risk zone of rock failure, and designed a temporary bracing system to maintain stability. The research has important implications for monitoring, warning, and controlling rock failures in deep excavation projects in urban areas.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Qi-Zhang Xiao, Nian-Wu Liu, Ming-Guang Li, Jin-Jian Chen, Yong-Mao Hou
Summary: This study presents the performance of a deep excavation with servo steel struts based on on-site measurements and numerical analysis. The results show that servo steel struts effectively control wall deflections caused by excavation and reduce the rate of ground settlements. However, they have little effect on the overall settlement trend and can cause an S-shaped wall deformation in the upper part.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yuan Mei, Lu Wang, Dongbo Zhou, Liaoyuan Fu
Summary: This study investigates the excavation performance of a special-shaped deep foundation pit in Hangzhou soft clay. The research findings provide important insights for the prevention of foundation pit accidents and the optimal design of deep foundation pit projects.
ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Hongwei Ying, Kang Cheng, Sijie Liu, Riqing Xu, Cungang Lin, Chengwei Zhu, Xiaolu Gan
Summary: Based on excavation cases of Hangzhou metro basement, standard parameters, excavation process, and soil layer are established, and a numerical model is used to analyze ground surface settlement. A simplified method is proposed to calculate settlement outside excavation area.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wanchun Chen, Lixian Tang, Haijun Zhao, Qian Yin, Shuang Dong, Jie Liu, Zhaohan Zhu, Xiaodong Ni
Summary: The effects of excavation geometry and tunnel cover to diameter ratio on deformation mechanisms of an existing tunnel located either at a side of basement or directly underneath the basement were studied through three-dimensional simulation. Field measurements were used to verify the numerical model and model parameters. The results showed that tunnel movements were more sensitive to basement length rather than basement width, and three-dimensional numerical analyses are required to obtain a reasonable estimation of tunnel responses due to adjacent and overlying basement excavations in clay.
GEOMECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Luca Masini, Domenico Gaudio, Sebastiano Rampello, Eliano Romani
Summary: This paper discusses the field performance of a 30-meter-deep excavation of the Rome underground C Line, highlighting the importance of using a strong retaining system and strict control of construction sequence to minimize damage to the historical and monumental heritage. The study revealed that ground settlements and wall displacements were minor, indicating no harm to the Aurelian Walls. Lessons learned from this case study can serve as valuable insights for future deep excavations near historical sites.
JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Timmy Gambin, Maja Sausmekat, John Wood, Kari Hyttinen
Summary: This paper introduces an innovative approach for daily recording and observation of underwater archaeological excavations using 3D photogrammetric models and point of view cameras. By leveraging advancements in photogrammetry and 3D modelling techniques, the proposed system allows for accurate and efficient documentation and analysis of excavation progress.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Ruisong Wang, Shujia Liu, Longhai Xu, Chenyang Zhao, Pengpeng Ni, Weifeng Zheng
Summary: This paper studies the performance of a 56 m deep circular excavation supported by a double-wall system in Shanghai soft ground. The surveyed data on wall deflections, soil displacement, ground surface settlement, soil rebound, earth pressure, pore water pressure, and soil stress path are systematically analyzed. The results show that the maximum lateral wall deflections are 0.002% to 0.03% of the excavation depth. The maximum ground surface settlement is generally larger than the lateral wall deflections and is located at 0.4 to 0.6 times the excavation depth. An innovative formula is proposed to estimate the ground settlement and the findings can be helpful in designing similar deep excavations in soft clay.
CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanbin Gao, Zhouxiang Ding
Summary: This study conducted a detailed case study on the post uplift phenomenon in a deep excavation in soft clay in Shanghai. The working characteristics of a long pile foundation under low safety factor against base heave were examined, and the influence of base treatment and excavation/construction procedures on post uplift was discussed.
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Manchao He, Qiru Sui, Mengnan Li, Zhijiao Wang, Zhigang Tao
Summary: In recent years, the mine tunneling method and the new Austrian tunneling method have been considered the main theories of tunneling approaches in China. The traditional technique faces difficulties in dealing with the large deformation problems caused by complex geological conditions in mountain soft rock tunneling. Therefore, the compensation excavation method has been proposed to address this issue by using supportive strategies to counteract the excavation effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhi Ding, Xiao Zhang, Shao-Heng He, Yong-Jie Qi, Cun-Gang Lin
Summary: This study investigates the longitudinal behavior of a shield tunnel by designing and constructing a reduced-size indoor model. The results show that the longitudinal settlement of the tunnel follows a normal distribution, with the maximum settlement occurring at the central ring and increasing linearly with the applied load. Stress concentration typically occurs on the side of the tunnel waist under surcharge, resulting in transverse elliptical deformation of the entire structure.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lucia Lopez-de-Abajo, Marcos G. Alberti, Jaime C. Galvez
Summary: Assessing and predicting concrete damage is crucial for infrastructure management. This study quantifies gas concentrations in urban tunnels to achieve this goal.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chao He, Yinghao Cai, Chenqiang Pu, Shunhua Zhou, Honggui Di, Xiaohui Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of river channel excavation on adjacent metro tunnels and proposes protective measures based on an engineering project in Fuzhou, China. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to calculate the displacements and distortion of tunnels under different excavation sequences and soil reinforcement measures. Real-time monitoring confirms that the vertical displacements and diametrical distortion of tunnels are primarily caused by the excavation of the river above the tunnels, while horizontal displacements are induced by the excavation next to the tunnels. The study recommends a combination of cement slurry with a portal form and concrete with a plate form for soil reinforcement and tunnel protection.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yaosheng Liu, Ang Li, Feng Dai, Ruochen Jiang, Yi Liu, Rui Chen
Summary: In this study, a hybrid model based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and meta-heuristic algorithms was developed to improve blast performance during tunnel excavation. Precise prediction of post-blasting indicators was important for optimization, and a comparison of meta-heuristic algorithms was conducted to find the most suitable model. The results showed that the developed model effectively reduces overbreak areas and quantitatively analyzes the influence of geological conditions.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiang Shen, Yifan Chen, Liqiang Cao, Xiangsheng Chen, Yanbin Fu, Chengyu Hong
Summary: In this paper, a machine learning-based method for predicting the slurry pressure in shield tunnel construction is proposed. By considering the influence of fault fracture zones and setting the formation influence coefficient, the accuracy of the prediction is significantly improved.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shuying Wang, Zihao Zhou, Xiangcou Zheng, Jiazheng Zhong, Tengyue Zheng, Changhao Qi
Summary: A real-time assessment and monitoring approach based on laser scanning technology and point cloud data analysis was proposed to address the hysteresis in assessing the workability of conditioned soils and the inefficiency in estimating the soil volume flow rate in tunnelling practice. The approach was successfully applied in identifying the workability of conditioned soil and its discharge rate in the EPB shield tunnelling project.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Peng Jiang, Benchao Liu, Yuting Tang, Zhengyu Liu, Yonghao Pang
Summary: This study introduces a novel deep learning-based electrical method that jointly inverses resistivity and chargeability to estimate water-bearing structures and water volume. Compared with traditional linear inversion methods, the proposed method demonstrates superiority in locating and delineating anomalous bodies, reducing solution multiplicity.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haoyu Mao, Nuwen Xu, Zhong Zhou, Chun Sha, Peiwei Xiao, Biao Li
Summary: The study focuses on the delineation of rock mass damage zones and stability analysis of underground powerhouse in Lianghekou hydropower station. ESG monitoring system is used to monitor the inner micro-fracture activity of surrounding rock mass in real-time. Engineering analogy method is adopted to forecast the deformation period of surrounding rock mass and analyze the variation characteristics of seismic source parameters. The research results provide references for similar deep underground excavation engineering in terms of design and construction.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Junling Qiu, Dedi Liu, Kai Zhao, Jinxing Lai, Xiuling Wang, Zhichao Wang, Tong Liu
Summary: This study focuses on the construction surface cracks of large cross-section tunnels in loess strata of China. The mechanism of surface crack formation is analyzed, and factors such as settlement deformation, construction scheme, and surrounding soil environment are identified as the main contributors. Numerical simulations were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of factors on surface cracks in loess tunnel construction. Specific measures for prevention and treatment of construction surface cracks are proposed to provide new ideas for surface crack control in loess tunnels.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ting Shang, Jiaxin Lu, Ying Luo, Song Wang, Zhengyu He, Aobo Wang
Summary: The study reveals significant variations in car-following behavior across different types of tunnels and consecutive sections of the same tunnel. As tunnel length increases, the driving stability of following vehicles decreases, but the level of driving safety risk is not positively correlated with tunnel length. Significant vehicle trajectory oscillation is observed within the inner sections of long and extra-long tunnels, and a significant relationship between the acceleration of following vehicles and the location within the tunnel section is found.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Rusi Zeng, Zhongwei Shen, Jun Luo
Summary: The urban underground complexes (UUCs) in China have been effective in solving urban problems, but users have expressed dissatisfaction with the internal physical environment. Personal characteristics and environmental factors play significant roles in determining users' satisfaction.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gabriel Lehmann, Heiko Kaeling, Sebastian Hoch, Kurosch Thuro
Summary: Analysing and predicting the advance rate of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) in hard rock is important for tunnelling projects. This study focuses on small-diameter TBMs and their unique characteristics, such as insufficient geotechnical information and special machine designs. A database of 37 projects with 70 geotechnically homogeneous areas is compiled to investigate the performance of small-diameter TBMs. The analysis shows that segment lining TBMs have higher penetration rates, and new approaches for the penetration prediction of pipe jacking machines in hard rock are proposed.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ting Ren, Ming Qiao, Jon Roberts, Jennifer Hines, Yang-Wai Chow, Wei Zong, Adrian Sugden, Mark Shepherd, Matthew Farrelly, Gareth Kennedy, Faisal Hai, Willy Susilo
Summary: Long-term exposure to coal and silica dust during underground tunnelling operations is a growing concern. To bridge the gap between knowledge in dust exposure monitoring and frontline workers, a virtual reality educational tool was developed to visualize ventilation and dust flow characteristics. This tool allows workers to better understand decision-making and best practices for dust controls.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dong Lin, Zhipeng Zhou, Miaocheng Weng, Wout Broere, Jianqiang Cui
Summary: Metro systems play a vital role in the transportation, economic, environmental and social aspects of cities. The uncertainties in construction, passenger comfort and safety, as well as efficiency and reliability of the metro system, have been widely studied. Metro systems influence urban development and have a positive impact on housing prices, public health, and environmental quality. Further research is needed to fill the research gaps and make recommendations for future studies.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wei Yu, Bo Wang, Xin Zi, Jie Dong
Summary: In this study, a whole-process analytical theory for the coupled deformation of deep circular tunnel surrounding rock and prestressed yielding anchor bolt (cable) system is derived and validated through numerical simulations. The results show that anchor bolts (cables) can significantly reduce the convergence of surrounding rock, and factors such as support timing and anchor cable length have important effects on the support effectiveness.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)