期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
卷 95, 期 -, 页码 2-16出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.042
关键词
Antibiotics; Phenotypic heterogeneity; Antibacterial susceptibility; In vivo animal infection models; Single-cell level methods; Raman spectroscopy; Fluorescence
资金
- Estonian Ministry of Education and Research
- [PUT 1088]
- [IUT-2-22]
Considerable evidence about phenotypic heterogeneity among-bacteria during infection has accumulated during recent years. This heterogeneity has to be considered if the mechanisms of infection and antibiotic action are to be understood, so we need to implement existing and find novel methods to monitor the effects of antibiotics on bacteria at the single-cell level. This review provides an overview of methods by which this aim can be achieved. Fluorescence label-based methods and Raman scattering as a label-free approach are discussed in particular detail. Other label-free methods that can provide single-cell level information, such as impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance, are briefly summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of these different methods are discussed in light of a challenging in vivo environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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