Review
Microbiology
Nathan P. Manes, Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
Summary: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) serve as the front line of defense against pathogens. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of PRR signaling is crucial for developing therapeutics for diseases such as sepsis and COVID-19.
Review
Immunology
Lin Zhao, Jinlan Niu, Disong Feng, Xialu Wang, Rong Zhang
Summary: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the immune response are crucial for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiating defense response in Lepidoptera. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play a physiological role in cells and can also function as immune signals when exposed extracellularly. This article reviews typical PRRs in Lepidoptera and their correlation with immune escape, suggesting that PRRs may have a broader recognition ability in insect innate immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Michal Shahar, Auryan Szalat, Haim Rosen
Summary: Actin-based tunneling nanotubes are a form of intercellular communication linked to responses to environmental changes. While widely described in various cell types, their expression in vivo or in primary cells is limited, and their significance for health and disease remains largely unknown. This study on primary human peripheral monocytes reveals that certain stimuli induce a transient expression of actin-based tunneling nanotubes, suggesting a potential role in monocyte pathogen response and inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Melissa Stunnenberg, John L. van Hamme, Esther M. Zijlstra-Willems, Sonja Gringhuis, Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
Summary: Pathogens trigger multiple pattern recognition receptors, which are important for enhancing vaccine efficacy. In the case of HIV-1 infection, the abortive HIV-1 RNA transcripts can interact with the signaling induced by TLR7/8 agonists, leading to enhanced antiviral immune responses.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Sun Min Lee, Paul Kim, Jinsuh You, Eui Ho Kim
Summary: DAMPs and cell death pathways play crucial roles in vaccine-induced immunity, activating the immune system to combat pathogenic infection and cell death. New strategies are actively being explored to enhance immunogenicity through targeting these pathways.
Article
Plant Sciences
Max M. Combest, Natalia Moroz, Kiwamu Tanaka, Conner J. Rogan, Jeffrey C. Anderson, Lin Thura, Aurelie M. Rakotondrafara, Aymeric Goyer
Summary: This study demonstrates the important role of StPIP1 in potato defense responses to Potato virus Y infection, triggering early defense responses, enhancing plant immunity, and increasing resistance to viral infection. Transgenic potato plants overexpressing StPIP1 show higher levels of leaf callose deposition and demonstrate induced marker genes associated with pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Xiaoxiao Liu, Li Wan
Summary: Plant NLR proteins play a crucial role in providing immunity and inducing cell death. Sensor NLRs directly or indirectly recognize pathogen effector proteins to initiate immune signaling, while helper NLRs function downstream of sensor NLRs in transmitting immune signals. Recent breakthrough studies on the structures and functions of plant NLR proteins have significantly advanced our understanding of NLR biology.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Karolina Sidor, Tomasz Skirecki
Summary: The understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is urgently needed due to the global crisis caused by the rise in drug resistance. Therapies targeting host-pathogen interactions are emerging as potential treatments in the absence of new antibiotics. ADP-heptose, an intermediate carbohydrate metabolite of the LPS biosynthesis pathway, has recently been discovered as a novel PAMP of Gram-negative bacteria that activates the host's innate immunity. This molecule plays an intriguing role in host-pathogen interactions and its recognition and immune activation mechanisms are outlined in this article.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
D. Wu, Y. Weng, Y. Feng, B. Liang, H. Wang, L. Li, Z. Wang
Summary: In periodontitis, Trem1 regulates polarization of M1 macrophages through the STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Studies suggest that targeting Trem1 could be a potential strategy for the treatment of periodontitis by modulating macrophage polarization.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Umeharu Ohto
Summary: Innate immunity is a crucial defense mechanism against microbial infections. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play significant roles in detecting invading pathogens and activating the immune response. Cellular components and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can trigger inflammatory responses and activate the immune system. Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) constitute a major family of intracellular PRRs and are involved in various diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Qing Tu, Yi Li, Jiali Zhu, Long Guo, Chenchen Liu, Lu Liu, Yuan Yuan, Yun Zou, Feng Chen, Liangfang Yao, Jinbao Li
Summary: This study demonstrated that mtDNA promotes immunoparalysis of DCs and contributes to sepsis-associated immunosuppression by activating STING signaling. Our findings suggest that mtDNA mediates immunoparalysis of DCs in sepsis, providing new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of immunosuppressive DCs in sepsis.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanpeng Fang, Bingqian Zhou, Yushan Guo, Junmei Jiang, Xiangyang Li, Xin Xie
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the key factors influencing plant disease resistance and identify the core molecular network in Sorghum bicolor. The type of PAMP was found to have a stronger influence on the PTI network than the sorghum cultivar. PAMP treatment altered the expression of genes related to resistance, signaling, salt sensitivity, heavy metal response, and transportation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Yanlong Gu, Lei Zhu, Xinru Wang, Hao Li, Libo Hou, Xianghui Kong
Summary: Though a lower invertebrate, Procambarus clarkii has developed a complex innate immune system. Understanding its immune response can help prevent and treat diseases, and boost the economic benefits of the crayfish farming industry.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yang Mu, Xiao Guo, Jian Yu, Ruxun Wang, Zeng Liu, Kefan Hu, Jingyi Song, Lin Chen, Botao Song, Juan Du
Summary: Potato, the most important non-grain food in the world, is seriously threatened by late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. This study investigated the proteome profile changes in potato upon P. infestans PAMP induction, revealing several PTI-related proteins.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Meng-Meng Chen, Si-Ru Yang, Jian Wang, Ya-Li Fang, You-Liang Peng, Jun Fan
Summary: Oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins (ORPs) play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions, triggering oxidative bursts and promoting plant innate immunity; they are also essential for the growth, development, and virulence of fungal pathogens.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zoe Dubrow, Sukumaran Sunitha, Jung-Gun Kim, Chris D. Aakre, Anil Madhusoodana Girija, Guy Sobol, Doron Teper, Yun Chu Chen, Nejla Ozbaki-Yagan, Hillary Vance, Guido Sessa, Mary Beth Mudgett
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2018)
Article
Plant Sciences
Bharat Bhusan Majhi, Shivakumar Sreeramulu, Guido Sessa
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guy Sobol, Joydeep Chakraborty, Gregory B. Martin, Guido Sessa
Summary: The antagonistic effect of plant immunity on growth has driven the evolution of molecular mechanisms to prevent accidental initiation and prolonged activation of plant immune responses. Protein phosphatases, particularly PP2C phosphatases, play a key role in regulating the signaling networks of plant immunity. Harnessing immunity-associated PP2Cs has the potential to enhance plant disease resistance.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Guy Sobol, Bharat Bhusan Majhi, Metsada Pasmanik-Chor, Ning Zhang, Holly M. Roberts, Gregory B. Martin, Guido Sessa
Summary: A tomato protein called Fir1 interacts with the bacterial flagellin receptors Fls2 and Fls3, playing a role in pattern-triggered immunity. Fir1 is located in the plasma membrane and interacts with Fls2 and Fls3 in yeast and in tomato plants. Mutants lacking the fir1 gene showed impaired immune responses triggered by flagellin, including decreased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 and altered gene expression. This study highlights the importance of Fir1 in flagellin-triggered immunity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bharat Bhusan Majhi, Guido Sessa
PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR
(2019)