Article
Thermodynamics
Pranav Padavu, Poornesh Kumar Koorata, Subhaschandra Kattimani
Summary: Efficient water management and intrinsic membrane hydration are crucial for the endurance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) under high load current. Flow field optimization is important for overcoming transport limitations and improving PEFC performance. Numerical analysis shows that membrane hydration can be controlled through variations in transport characteristics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yulin Wang, Han Wang, Guozhuo Wang, Hua Li, Yulong Zhao, Wei He
Summary: A reasonable design of flow channel is crucial for enhancing the performance of a fuel cell. This paper introduces newly designed baffles on a cathode flow channel to improve water droplet drainage ability. The results show that increasing the baffle height and number can shorten water droplet drainage time and reduce pressure drop. Moreover, an optimal non-uniform layout of baffles along the channel can further enhance the drainage performance.
Article
Thermodynamics
Pranav Padavu, Poornesh K. Koorata, Santoshkumar D. Bhat
Summary: In this study, a numerical model was developed to analyze the effects of depth-dependent reactant flow field geometry on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) under inhomogeneous gas diffusion layer (GDL) compression. It was found that the converging channel design can enhance cell performance, but it is still influenced by GDL compression. The impact of inhomogeneity on cell performance was minimal.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fei Qiu, Zhen Sun, Huiping Li, Yusef Ahad
Summary: The research explores the impact of flow channels on the efficiency and performance of PEM-FCs and suggests using symmetric spiral channels (SSCs) to improve overall efficiency. The application of experimental and numerical methods reveals that SSCs help reduce pressure difference and temperature difference, leading to improved efficiency and extended membrane life cycle.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Hamrang, M. Abdollahzadeh, M. J. Kermani, S. M. Rahgoshay
Summary: This paper investigates the performance enhancement of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by changing the outlet/inlet configuration of parallel-serpentine flow field. The results show that geometric changes in the channel outlets/inlets can amplify the effects of transverse over-rib convection, leading to improved oxygen concentration and liquid water saturation. The findings suggest that the serpentine-baffled configuration yields the highest net power, achieving a performance increase of 38.5% compared to the parallel-serpentine case. This study provides insights for optimizing fuel cell design and performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Christian Suarez, Alfredo Iranzo, Baltasar Toharias, Felipe Rosa
Summary: This article presents an experimental analysis of a novel bioinspired design of the channels of a PEMFC, which shows improved water management capability at high humidity and increased peak power.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yulin Wang, Han Wang, Cheng Wang, Wei He, Yulong Zhao, Xiaodong Wang
Summary: This paper investigates the flow characteristics of water droplets on gas diffusion layer (GDL) surfaces with different roughnesses. The results show that the roughness of GDL surfaces has a significant impact on water droplet flow, with lower Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) content leading to increased surface roughness and longer droplet discharge time, spreading area, and deformation. On the other hand, higher PTFE content results in smoother flow and shorter droplet discharge time. Comparatively, water droplet flow on rough GDL surfaces exhibits longer discharge time, larger spreading area, stronger fluctuations, and larger pressure drop compared to smooth GDL surfaces.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kavya Vanaja Raghunath, Shaneeth Muliankeezhu, Aparna Kallingal
Summary: This paper presents a semi-empirical model based on mass balance equations and experimental conditions to account for the transient response of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) during load changes. The model analyzes the reactant gas supply inside the fuel cell during current increase and can predict the impact of different operating conditions on voltage undershoots.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Olesia Danyliv, Michal Strach, Oleksandr Nechyporchuk, Tiina Nypelo, Anna Martinelli
Summary: This study presents composite membranes made of cellulose nanocrystals and a protic ionic liquid, which exhibit improved proton conductivity of biopolymers under high temperature and anhydrous conditions. The membranes display good thermal stability and ionic conductivity, with analysis showing that the properties are influenced by defects, twisting, and aggregation of nanocrystals at the nanoscale. Preliminary fuel cell tests demonstrate that the membranes respond to H-2 gas and generate electrical current, laying a solid groundwork for further development of biopolymer/protic ionic liquid electrolytes for energy applications.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sudeshna Sen, Felix H. Richter
Summary: The field of battery research is thriving, with many new battery concepts emerging. A unified typology of battery types and corresponding symbols is proposed to provide clarity and facilitate understanding in this dynamic field. This typology is based on the ion conduction mechanism of the electrolyte and is applicable to any battery system.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Siddhartha Subramanian, Joost Middelkoop, Thomas Burdyny
Summary: This study combined experimental and 3D modeling assessments to evaluate the trade-offs between CO2 utilization and selectivity in CO2 electrolyzers, revealing losses in faradaic efficiency even at incomplete CO2 consumption. The spatially resolved interpretation of product selectivity inside the reactor provides a foundation for design rules in balancing CO2 utilization and device performance in lab and scaled applications.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mitsunori Nasu, Hiroshi Yanai, Naoki Hirayama, Hironori Adachi, Yu Kakizawa, Yuto Shirase, Hiromichi Nishiyama, Teppei Kawamoto, Junji Inukai, Takenao Shinohara, Hirotoshi Hayashida, Masahiro Watanabe
Summary: A new gas diffusion layer was developed for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and neutron radiography was used to observe changes in liquid water distribution, revealing that changes in gas flow velocity can effectively impact water distribution.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jonghyun Son, Sukkee Um, Young-Beom Kim
Summary: Many efforts have been made to improve the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by enhancing mass transport properties. This study focused on the use of various baffle patterns in parallel channels to improve mass transfer in PEMFCs. The results showed that all analyzed baffle patterns improved PEMFC performance, with the staggered pattern located near the outlet and with a wide gap between baffles showing the best performance and lower pressure drop in the cathode flow field.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING-GREEN TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Arasy Fahruddin, Djatmiko Ichsani, Fadlilatul Taufany, Budi U. K. Widodo, Wawan A. Widodo
Summary: Research aimed to enhance the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by designing a leaf-inspired cathode side flow field array and adding baffles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kuan Shiong Khoo, Wen Yi Chia, Kexin Wang, Chih-Kai Chang, Hui Yi Leong, Muhammad Nasrulhazim Bin Maaris, Pau Loke Show
Summary: This review summarizes the application of ionic liquids in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, discusses their advantages when combined with polybenzimidazole, and evaluates and discusses the research development and issues of ILs.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Mehdi Mortazavi
Summary: This study investigated the liquid-gas two-phase flow across a flow channel bend in a PEM fuel cell and developed a new model to accurately predict pressure drop. The proposed two-phase flow pressure drop model and C correlation were able to predict the pressure drop with mean absolute error values.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Mehdi Mortazavi, Seyed A. Niknam, Mahbod Heidari, Riccardo C. Clemente
Summary: In this study, three manifold-microchannel heat exchangers were additively manufactured by direct metal laser sintering. The performance of these heat exchangers was comparable despite slight interior design modifications, achieving efficient heat transfer under different air and water flow rates. The experimental results showed that the heat exchangers demonstrated high heat transfer rates, air-side convection heat transfer coefficients, and air-side pressure drops, with the heat exchanger A exhibiting the lowest pressure drop among the three variants.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aidin Teimouri, Kaveh Zayer Kabeh, Sina Changizian, Pouria Ahmadi, Mehdi Mortazavi
Summary: This research study analyzes the role of personal vehicles in transportation and investigates the performance and emissions of different types of vehicles under different driving conditions. The results show that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles perform the best in terms of overall performance and emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Sumit Sharma, Mehdi Mortazavi
Summary: The global energy demand continues to increase annually, with a significant portion being fulfilled by non-renewable sources like fossil fuels. While renewable energy sources have seen substantial growth, the challenges of low energy density and long-term storage still remain. Pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) has emerged as a versatile storage option that overcomes geographical limitations faced by other technologies. This comprehensive review examines the performance, power cycles, and variations of PTES systems, highlighting their competitive roundtrip efficiencies and potential integration with low-grade thermal energy sources. Cost analyses show that PTES systems are cost-competitive with mature technologies like pumped hydro-energy storage. With further research and advancements, PTES has the potential to revolutionize thermal energy storage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mortazavi, Sung Yong Jung
Summary: This work investigates the depinning process of sessile droplets exposed to shearing gas flows. High-speed imaging reveals an oscillatory motion in droplets, speculated to be caused by the interaction between drag force and surface tension. The analysis shows that droplet dynamics prior to detachment increase with superficial gas velocity, and contact line depinning occurs at smaller droplet sizes for higher gas velocities.
Article
Thermodynamics
Rani Taher, Javad Farrokhi Derakhshandeh, Hicham El Hage, Jalal Faraj, Mehdi Mortazavi, Thierry Lemenand, Mahmoud Khaled
Summary: This research splits the water flow rate of water-air cross-flow heat exchangers into smaller flow rates, leading to improved thermal performance. By dividing the water flow into multiple smaller passages, each associated with smaller heat exchangers, and sequentially combining the smaller heat exchangers with the air flow, the thermal performance can be increased globally.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Electrochemistry
Anthony D. Santamaria, Mehdi Mortazavi
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mehdi Mortazavi, Anthony D. Santamaria, Vedang Chauhan, Jingru Z. Benner, Mahbod Heidari, Ezequiel F. Medici
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES ADVANCES
(2020)
Article
Electrochemistry
Mehdi Mortazavi, Anthony D. Santamaria, Jingru Z. Benner, Vedang Chauhan
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Mechanical
Jonathan Young, Jingru Benner, Anthony D. Santamaria
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2018, VOL 3
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Seyed A. Niknam, Mehdi Mortazavi, Anthony D. Santamaria
RESULTS IN ENGINEERING
(2020)