Parameters estimation and strong gravitational lensing of nonsingular Kerr-Sen black holes

The recent time witnessed a surge of interest in strong gravitational lensing by black holes is due to the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) results, which suggest comparing the black hole lensing in both general relativity and heterotic string theory. That may help us to assess the phenomenological differences between these models. Motivated by this, we consider gravitational lensing by the nonsingular Kerr-Sen black holes, which encompass Kerr black holes as a particular case, to calculate the light deflection coefficients p and q in strong-field limits, while the former increases with increasing parameters k and charge b, later decrease. We also find a decrease in the light deflection angle alpha D, angular position theta 8 decreases more slowly and impact parameter for photon orbits u(m) more quickly, but angular separation s increases more rapidly with parameters b and k. We compare our results with those for Kerr black holes, and also the formalism is applied to discuss the astrophysical consequences in the case of the supermassive black holes NGC 4649, NGC 1332, Sgr A* and M87*. In turn, we also investigate the shadows of the nonsingular Kerr-Sen black holes and show that they are smaller and more distorted than the corresponding Kerr black holes and nonsingular Kerr black holes shadows. The inferred circularity deviation Delta C <= 0.10, for the M87* black hole shadow, put constraints on the nonsingular Kerr-Sen black hole parameters (a, k) and (a, b). The maximum shadow angular diameter for b = 0.30M and k = 0.30M are, respectively, theta(d) = 35.3461 mu as and theta(d) = 35.3355 mu as. We also estimate the parameters associated with nonsingular Kerr-Sen black holes using the shadow observables.

Automated summary

Recent interest in strong gravitational lensing by black holes has risen due to the results of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), prompting a study of gravitational lensing effects caused by nonsingular Kerr-Sen black holes. The research shows that shadows of these black holes are smaller and more distorted compared to Kerr black holes.