Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ying Zhang, Bei Gao, Luis Valdiviez, Chao Zhu, Tara Gallagher, Katrine Whiteson, Oliver Fiehn
Summary: Stable isotope tracers are commonly used with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for enzyme activity and metabolic pathway studies. In this research, three commercially available instruments were used to analyze samples from a stable isotope labeling study on Rothia mucilaginosa metabolism. The study found that all three GC-MS instruments can be used for stable isotope tracing studies, with high-resolution GC-QTOF MS offering additional capabilities in identifying the chemical structures of unknown compounds.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Lewis Fleming, Des Gibson, David Hutson, Sam Ahmadzadeh, Ewan Waddell, Shigeng Song, Stuart Reid, Caspar Clark, Julien S. Baker, Russell Overend, Calum MacGregor
Summary: The study presents a breath emulator system for simulating CO2 concentration waveforms and testing gas sensors, as well as diagnosing medical conditions through CO2 waveform analysis. The system can simulate various respiratory function waveforms, aiding in device optimization and disease diagnosis.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jochen Vogl
Summary: A new calibration approach has been developed to obtain absolute isotope ratios of multi-isotopic elements by comparing the instrumental isotope fractionation of different mass spectrometers. The theory was tested on Cd and Pb isotope ratios, showing results compatible with certified ratios but with a slight bias that needs improvement. The method is universal and can be applied to all elements with three or more isotopes, providing information on the fractionation process itself.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Philippe Tixier, Denis Loeillet, Mathieu Coulis, Thierry Lescot, Luc de Lapeyre de Bellaire
Summary: With the increasing production of organic bananas, it is crucial to monitor compliance with organic specifications. This study found that the delta N-15 values of organic bananas were significantly higher than conventional ones at farms around the world, while the type of fertilization did not significantly affect delta C-13 values.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Charlotte E. Bopp, Jakov Bolotin, Sarah G. Pati, Thomas B. Hofstetter
Summary: Monitoring stable oxygen isotope ratios provides insights into fundamental processes in bio(geo)chemistry and environmental sciences. However, interference from argon can lead to overestimation of oxygen isotope signatures, requiring instrumental modifications and post-measurement corrections.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
R. J. Scott Lacombe, Richard P. Bazinet
Summary: Differences in carbon assimilation pathways among plants lead to variations in carbon isotope ratios in foods and animal products, which have been underappreciated in nutrition. Recent studies have shown that carbon isotope ratio analysis can serve as an effective tool for evaluating nutritional biomarker status, not only for sugar and animal protein intake, but also for studying fatty acid metabolism.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Rui Su, Tongtong Yang, Xinrui Zhang, Na Li, Xingying Zhai, Huanwen Chen
Summary: Breath analysis is an attractive and non-invasive strategy for monitoring metabolic dynamics in living organisms. Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical platform for breath analysis, and ambient mass spectrometry has been widely adopted due to its minimal/sample pretreatment requirements. This tutorial review introduces the principles, setup, procedures, applications, and future prospects of mass spectrometry-based techniques for breath analysis, aiming to facilitate further development and application in this field.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yilan Cai, Liling Jia, Hao Li, Yujie He, Yong Liu, Rui Jia, Dan Yang, Runtao Xia, Jingpeng Jiao, Ju Huang, Yun Weng, Jichao Zhang, Hailing Zheng, Hailiang Yang, Bing Wang, Yang Zhou, Zhiqin Peng
Summary: Understanding the degradation of silk fibers and tracing silk fabrics from archeological sites have always been challenging. This study examines Chinese historic silk fabrics from various dynasties as well as artificially aged silk specimens to investigate their degradation using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The results provide insights into the silk degradation mechanism and can be useful for tracing the rich textile heritage.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Yang Huang, Jun Zhu, Can Hu, Hongcheng Mei, Ziyang Yu, Hao Qin
Summary: The study demonstrates that chloroform can effectively remove sulfur from black powder, and the results of stable isotope analysis after desulfurization are reliable and stable.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anna-Akrivi Thomatou, Eleni C. Mazarakioti, Anastasios Zotos, Achilleas Kontogeorgos, Angelos Patakas, Athanasios Ladavos
Summary: This paper aims to analyze if stable isotope analysis can discriminate Greek currants registered as a product of Protected Designation of Origin from other similar products. The initial results show that sulfur isotope ratio is not detectable, and discrimination should be based on carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. However, further analysis is required as discrimination could not be achieved with only two isotopic ratios.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
In-Cheol Yeo, Kyu-Young Shim, Kyuhyeong Kim, Young-Shin Go, Jieun Kim, Dong-Hun Lee, Jae-Seong Lee, Kyung-Hoon Shin, Chang-Bum Jeong
Summary: Despite limited understanding and analysis of the biological fate of nanoplastics, a novel stable carbon isotopic approach has been proposed to detect and quantify nano- and microplastics in complex organic matrices. By quantifying the contribution of plastic particles in the stable carbon isotopes composition in different tissues, tissue-specific bioaccumulation of nano- and microplastics in a fish species has been investigated. The findings shed light on the unique mode of action of nanoplastics' bioaccumulation based on physicochemical properties and have significance in improving our understanding of the tissue-specific bioaccumulation of nanoplastics in aquatic organisms.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nobuyuki Okahashi, Yuki Yamada, Junko Iida, Fumio Matsuda
Summary: Isotope tracing is a powerful technique for studying intracellular metabolism. However, it involves time-consuming steps. In this study, a series of software was developed on the Garuda platform to support the entire workflow of isotope-tracing experiments, significantly reducing the required time and effort by eliminating the need for data format conversion.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gianluca Bianchini, Valentina Brombin, Pasquale Carlino, Enrico Mistri, Claudio Natali, Gian Marco Salani
Summary: The study utilized elemental analysis and isotope ratio mass spectrometry to trace the geographical origin of manila clams in the Adriatic lagoons, ensuring the authenticity of the product and preventing fraud.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Aurelien Cuchet, Anthony Anchisi, Philippe Telouk, Yijiao Yao, Frederic Schiets, Francois Fourel, Yohann Clement, Pierre Lanteri, Elise Carenini, Patrick Jame, Herve Casabianca
Summary: A methodology for authentication of Allium species essential oils through multi element stable isotope analysis was developed, assessing the naturalness of the oils through compound specific 813C and 834S, with the use of chemometric models to evaluate purity.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Can Hu, Hongcheng Mei, Hongling Guo, Ziyang Yu, Jun Zhu
Summary: The purification of ammonium nitrate (AN) samples through recrystallization has been shown to enhance stable isotope ratios and accurately distinguish AN samples from different cities and batches.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Danielle Hiam, Patrice Jones, Yannis Pitsiladis, Nir Eynon
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Mark R. Antrobus, Jon Brazier, Peter Callus, Adam J. Herbert, Georgina K. Stebbings, Stephen H. Day, Liam P. Kilduff, Mark A. Bennett, Robert M. Erskine, Stuart M. Raleigh, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Shane M. Heffernan, Alun G. Williams
Summary: This study investigated the association between elite rugby athlete status and concussion-associated risk polymorphisms. The findings showed that there were differences in the COMT rs4680 genotype, which could potentially affect stress resilience, behavioral traits, concussion risk, and recovery in elite rugby athletes. Evaluating the COMT rs4680 genotype may be beneficial for individualized management of concussion risk among athletes.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Giscard Lima, Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Guan Wang, Patrick Ho, Lyra Meehan, Kelly Roeszler, Jane Seto, Fernanda Rossell Malinsky, Antonia Karanikolou, Gregor Eichhorn, Kumpei Tanisawa, Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt, Blair Hamilton, Paulette Y. O. Kumi, Jonathan Shurlock, Vasileios Skiadas, Richard Twycross-Lewis, Liam Kilduff, Fergus M. Guppy, Kathryn North, Yannis Pitsiladis, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Paolo Borrione
Summary: The study found that myonuclei did not remain elevated post AAS usage cessation in the cohort of past users, contrary to previous research findings. Training and AAS usage history varied widely among participants, indicating diverse backgrounds in the study population.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Shaun Sutehall, Fernanda Malinsky, Jonathan Shurlock, Guan Wang, Andrew Bosch, Yannis P. Pitsiladis
Summary: This study investigated the hematological and transcriptomic response to prolonged altitude exposure and identified a unique set of genes that can differentiate rHuEpo abuse from altitude exposure.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sebastien Racinais, Yuri Hosokawa, Takao Akama, Stephane Bermon, Xavier Bigard, Douglas J. Casa, Andrew Grundstein, Ollie Jay, Andrew Massey, Sergio Migliorini, Margo Mountjoy, Nebosa Nikolic, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Wolfgang Schobersberger, Juergen Michael Steinacker, Fumihiro Yamasawa, David Anthony Zideman, Lars Engebretsen, Richard Budgett
Summary: This document presents the recommendations for the protection of athletes competing in the heat, developed by the IOC Medical and Scientific Commission and international federations. It includes guidelines for event organisers, athletes' behaviours, medical management of exertional heat stroke, and environmental heat risk analysis. The cooperation of various stakeholders is crucial in ensuring the safety of athletes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Magali Martowicz, Richard Budgett, Madeleine Pape, Katia Mascagni, Lars Engebretsen, Lenka Dienstbach-Wech, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Fabio Pigozzi, Ugur Erdener
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jon Brazier, Mark R. Antrobus, Adam J. Herbert, Peter C. Callus, Praval Khanal, Georgina K. Stebbings, Stephen H. Day, Shane M. Heffernan, Liam P. Kilduff, Mark A. Bennett, Robert M. Erskine, Stuart M. Raleigh, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Alun G. Williams
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between polygenic profiles and elite rugby athletes. The results showed that elite rugby athletes had significantly higher genotype scores (TGS) compared to non-athletes, and TGS was able to distinguish between the two groups. In addition, a three-SNP model was identified to predict the elite athlete status. The findings suggest that elite rugby athletes may possess preferable musculoskeletal soft-tissue injury-related polygenic profiles.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Giscard Lima, Guan Wang, Fernanda Rossell Malinsky, Antonia Karanikolou, Gregor Eichhorn, Kumpei Tanisawa, Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt, Blair Hamilton, Paulette Y. O. Kumi, Jonathan Shurlock, Vasileios Skiadas, Richard Twycross-Lewis, Liam Kilduff, Renan Paulo Martin, Garrett I. Ash, Cynthia Potter, Fergus M. Guppy, Jane T. Seto, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Paolo Borrione, Yannis Pitsiladis
Summary: This study used RNA sequencing to analyze blood and muscle samples and found that there was no transcriptional signature of AAS doping in the blood samples after long-term cessation of usage. However, numerous differentially expressed genes related to hypertrophic processes were identified in the muscle samples.
BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Milan Klower, Pascal Edouard, Andreas M. Niess, Sebastien Racinais, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Florian Pappenberger, Karsten Hollander
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Malcolm Collins, Andrew N. Bosch
Summary: The 56km Two Oceans ultra-marathon (TOM) in Cape Town, South Africa was cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the performance during TOM 2022, especially among elite athletes, may have actually improved. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on performance in TOM 2022 compared to the 2018 event.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Melanie Knopp, Borja Muniz-Pardos, Henning Wackerhage, Martin Schoenfelder, Fergus Guppy, Yannis Pitsiladis, Daniel Ruiz
Summary: This study compares the running economy of world-class Kenyan runners and European amateur runners wearing advanced footwear technology and traditional racing flats on a laboratory treadmill. The results show a significant medium benefit of advanced footwear technology on running economy compared with traditional flats. However, there is large variability in performance among different athletes, indicating the need for further research to understand the cause of these differences.
Letter
Sport Sciences
Blair Hamilton, Fergus Guppy, Yannis Pitsiladis
Article
Sport Sciences
Morten Carstens Moe, Emin Ozmert, Christophe Baudouin, Abhinav Binadra, Sven Crafoord, Young Jo, Hayyam Kiratli, Melita Moore, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Udo Rolle, Ben Tan, Ozge Yanik, Richard Budgett, Ugur Erdener, Kathrin Steffen, Lars Engbretsen
Summary: Vision plays a crucial role in athletes' success, with 80% of perceptual input being visual. Eye health and sports medicine are closely intertwined, as the physical nature of sports makes athletes more prone to eye injuries. In addition to injuries, vision problems such as blurred vision and light sensitivity can also affect athletes' performance. Collaboration between sports medicine professionals and ophthalmologists is necessary to provide athletes with appropriate eye care and guidance on eye protection.
BMJ OPEN SPORT & EXERCISE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Elliott C. R. Hall, Sarah J. J. Lockey, Shane M. M. Heffernan, Adam J. J. Herbert, Georgina K. K. Stebbings, Stephen H. H. Day, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. P. Pitsiladis, Robert M. M. Erskine, Alun G. G. Williams
Summary: Success in long-distance running is influenced by factors such as oxygen utilization, lactate metabolism, and genetic associations. The Gly allele of the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser rs8192678 polymorphism has been linked to endurance athlete status and favorable adaptations to aerobic training. This study examined the association of rs8192678 with elite status and performance among long-distance runners. The results showed that athletes carrying the Ser allele had a 2.5% faster performance compared to Gly/Gly homozygotes.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Giscard Lima, Jonathan Shurlock, Guan Wang, Antonia Karanikolou, Shaun Sutehall, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Angelo D'Alessandro
Summary: This study aimed to identify a robust metabolomics signature of rHuEpo using an untargeted approach in blood and urine, and found alterations in metabolic pathways associated with erythropoiesis or erythrocyte membrane function.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)