Toilet hygiene—review and research needs

Aerosol generation in public restrooms

(2021) Jesse H. Schreck et al.   PHYSICS OF FLUIDS

Toilets dominate environmental detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a hospital

(2020) Zhen Ding et al.   SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

Prospective study of bidet toilet use: Association of abnormal vaginal colonization and preterm birth in high‐risk pregnant women

(2019) Yoo‐Min Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH

Survey on bacterial contamination of bidet toilets and relation to the interval of scrubbing these units

(2019) Akira Tsunoda et al.   JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH

Bioaerosol concentrations generated from toilet flushing in a hospital-based patient care setting

(2018) Samantha D. Knowlton et al.   Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control

Toilet plume aerosol generation rate and environmental contamination following bowl water inoculation with Clostridium difficile spores

(2018) Kathleen A.N. Aithinne et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL

An acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by GII.P16-GII.2 norovirus associated with airborne transmission via the air conditioning unit in a kindergarten in Lianyungang, China

(2017) Ting-lu Zhang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Public health and healthcare-associated risk of electric, warm-water bidet toilets

(2017) A. Kanayama Katsuse et al.   JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION

Control of urine odor in different sanitation practices and its implication on water saving

(2017) Shervin Hashemi et al.   Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment in Occupational Settings Applied to the Airborne Human Adenovirus Infection

(2016) Annalaura Carducci et al.   International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Bidet toilet seats with warm-water tanks: residual chlorine, microbial community, and structural analyses

(2015) Toru Iyo et al.   JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH

Viral contamination of aerosol and surfaces through toilet use in health care and other settings

(2014) Marco Verani et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL

Aerosol Generation by Modern Flush Toilets

(2013) David Johnson et al.   AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The influence of thermal reaction and microbial transformation on the odour of human urine

(2013) Myriam Troccaz et al.   FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL

Lifting the lid on toilet plume aerosol: A literature review with suggestions for future research

(2012) David L. Johnson et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL

Torque teno virus: an improved indicator for viral pathogens in drinking waters

(2012) Jennifer S Griffin et al.   Virology Journal

Experimental Study on Displacement and Mixing Ventilation Systems for a Patient Ward

(2011) Yonggao Yin et al.   HVAC&R RESEARCH

Potential for aerosolization of Clostridium difficile after flushing toilets: the role of toilet lids in reducing environmental contamination risk

(2011) E.L. Best et al.   JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION

Are toilet seats a vector for transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

(2009) Mary Anne Giannini et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL

Comparing probabilistic microbial risk assessments for drinking water against daily rather than annualised infection probability targets

(2009) R. S. Signor et al.   JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH

Gastrointestinal illness associated with a long-haul flight

(2008) J. D. HOLMES et al.   EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Norwalk virus: How infectious is it?

(2008) Peter F.M. Teunis et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Passenger Behaviors Associated With Norovirus Infection On Board a Cruise Ship—Alaska, May to June 2004

(2008) Marc‐Andre R. Chimonas et al.   JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE

Identifying Opportunities to Enhance Environmental Cleaning in 23 Acute Care Hospitals

(2007) P. C. Carling et al.   INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY