Review
Neurosciences
Vera Korenblik, Marlies E. Brouwer, Aniko Korosi, Damiaan Denys, Claudi L. H. Bockting, Stanley Brul, Anja Lok
Summary: The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut microbiota, and recent research has linked it to health and disease. This study focuses on understanding the impact of neuromodulation on the gut microbiota, investigating the MGBA from the brain to microbiota. The findings suggest that neuromodulation interventions are associated with moderate changes in the gut microbiome.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna Ferrulli, Sara Gandini, Giulio Cammarata, Veronica Redaelli, Stefano Massarini, Concetta Macri, Ileana Terruzzi, Daniele Cannavaro, Fabio Luzi, Livio Luzi
Summary: The study found that deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) can effectively regulate body temperature in individuals with obesity, partially reversing the alterations in heat production and dissipation caused by obesity, possibly through the mechanism of the sympathetic nervous system.
ACTA DIABETOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Caroline Quoilin, Camille Amadieu, Fanny Fievez, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Philippe de Timary, Julie Duque, Sophie Leclercq
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential relationships between gut microbiota composition and brain behavior. The results suggest that gut microbiota diversity and certain microbial abundances may be associated with brain activity and behavioral inhibition.
Review
Neurosciences
Jose Antonio Camacho-Conde, Maria del Rosario Gonzalez-Bermudez, Marta Carretero-Rey, Zafar U. Khan
Summary: Brain stimulation has become a widely accepted therapeutic approach in recent years, with non-invasive techniques like rTMS and tDCS, as well as invasive techniques like DBS, being commonly used to treat various neurological disorders. Technological advancements have led to the development of precise devices capable of producing well-controlled and effective brain stimulation.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorena Elena Melit, Cristina Oana Marginean, Maria Oana Sasaran
Summary: Pediatric obesity is a global issue and its relationship with gut microbiota is not fully understood. Multiple factors, such as maternal diet and health, delivery method, and feeding patterns, shape the infant gut microbiome. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes have been identified as important players in obesity risk, but there are inconsistencies in studies, especially in pediatric populations.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Matthew Squires, Xiaohui Tao, Soman Elangovan, Raj Gururajan, Xujuan Zhou, Yuefeng Li, U. Rajendra Acharya
Summary: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an evidence-based treatment for depression. Machine learning techniques combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity can predict treatment outcomes before the start of rTMS treatment. This study demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms existing methods and identifies key biomarkers for predicting rTMS treatment response.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
M. Alcazar, J. Escribano, N. Ferre, R. Closa-Monasterolo, M. Selma-Royo, A. Feliu, G. Castillejo, V Luque
Summary: This study aimed to describe and characterize the gut microbiota composition and diversity in children with obesity according to their metabolic health status. The results showed that children with metabolic unhealthy status had lower microbial diversity and richness, as well as distinct relative abundances of specific microbial taxa.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Biology
Matthew J. Dalby
Summary: The role of gut microbiota in determining body fatness has received significant attention, but recent attempts to translate findings into humans have been unsuccessful. This review examines the mouse research that initiated this area of study and evaluates whether the results were supported by subsequent human studies.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francantonio Devoto, Anna Ferrulli, Laura Zapparoli, Stefano Massarini, Giuseppe Banfi, Eraldo Paulesu, Livio Luzi
Summary: The study shows that deep repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) intervention in obese patients leads to significant weight loss, increased overall brain functional connections, and decreased connectivity with the occipital pole. This may reflect the brain mechanism behind weight loss, favoring top-down decision-making processes over bottom-up sensory processes.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seung Yeon Jeon, Jung Ho Choi, Sun Seong Kang, Yong-Hwi An, Hyun Joon Shim
Summary: Personalized neuromodulation, where treatment modalities are chosen based on the patient's responses in a pilot trial, is an advantageous strategy for treating tinnitus. The study found that the improvement in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score after 10 sessions of each neuromodulation was significantly greater in the personalized group compared to the randomized group.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Scott A. Wilke, Crystal L. Johnson, Juliana Corlier, Katharine G. Marder, Andrew C. Wilson, Christopher M. Pleman, Andrew F. Leuchter
Summary: MDD patients taking psychostimulant medication show greater clinical improvement during rTMS treatment, particularly in sleep and mood/cognition. There are no significant differences among different drug categories, and the clinical efficacy of some medications may be dose-dependent.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Ryan D. Webler, Desmond J. Oathes, Sanne J. H. van Rooij, Jonathan C. Gewirtz, Ziad Nahas, Shmuel M. Lissek, Alik S. Widge
Summary: Laboratory threat extinction and exposure-based therapy both involve repeated, safe confrontation with previously threatening stimuli. However, efforts to improve exposure outcomes using rodent extinction techniques have largely failed due to differences between rodent and human neurobiology. This review proposes a comprehensive pre-clinical human research agenda to overcome these failures, using connectivity guided depolarizing brain stimulation methods and dual threat reconsolidation-extinction paradigms to map extinction relevant circuits and inform optimal integration with exposure-based therapy.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Jose Antonio Camacho-Conde, Maria del Rosario Gonzalez-Bermudez, Marta Carretero-Rey, Zafar U. Khan
Summary: Brain stimulation, both noninvasive and invasive, has emerged as a valuable therapeutic tool for treating brain diseases. With advancements in technology, techniques such as rTMS, tDCS, and DBS have shown potential in the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jiuxi Liu, Jiapei Cai, Naisheng Zhang, Jiandong Tai, Peng Fan, Xue Dong, Yongguo Cao
Summary: Salidroside, a plant compound, can ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating gut microbiota. It reduces body weight and fat accumulation, decreases liver inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia, and repairs intestinal damage.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yoredy Sarmiento-Andrade, Rosario Suarez, Beatriz Quintero, Kleber Garrochamba, Sebastian Pablo Chapela
Summary: Obesity is a globally increasing pathology with many associated disorders. In recent years, there has been growing knowledge about the influence of the microbiota on obesity and its related pathologies. This review summarizes the biology and physiology of microbiota in obese patients, as well as the therapeutic applications of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Adriana Coppola, Tiziana Montalcini, Pietro Gallotti, Anna Ferrulli, Arturo Pujia, Livio Luzi, Carmine Gazzaruso
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of comprehensive therapeutic patient education (TPE) on the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in type 2 diabetes patients. The results showed that patients who received TPE had better outcomes in terms of ulcer healing, recurrence, and mortality.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Carmine Valenza, Dario Trapani, Sara Gandini, Caterina Sposetti, Luca Boscolo Bielo, Antonio Marra, Tommaso Giarratano, Diletta Favero, Laura Cortesi, Luca Moscetti, Mirco Pistelli, Rossana Berardi, Alberto Zambelli, Matteo Lambertini, Lucia Del Mastro, Valentina Guarneri, Claudio Vernieri, Giuseppe Curigliano
Summary: Patients with germinal BRCA pathogenic variant and advanced breast cancer may have enhanced sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors. However, the sensitivity and resistance to these treatments may partially overlap. The impact of prior exposure to PARP inhibitors/platinum-based chemotherapy on tumor response to subsequent treatment remains unclear.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Oliver John Kennedy, Michal Kicinski, Sara Valpione, Sara Gandini, Stefan Suciu, Christian U. Blank, Georgina Long, Victoria G. Atkinson, Stephane Dalle, Andrew M. Haydon, Andrey Meshcheryakov, Adnan Khattak, Matteo S. Carlino, Shahneen Sandhu, James Larkin, Susana Puig, Paolo A. Ascierto, Piotr Rutkowski, Dirk Schadendorf, Marye Boers-Sonderen, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Alfonsus J. M. van den Eertwegh, Jean-Jacques Grob, Ralf Gutzmer, Rahima Jamal, Alexander C. J. van Akkooi, Caroline Robert, Alexander M. M. Eggermont, Paul Lorigan, Mario Mandala
Summary: This study investigated the prognostic and predictive value of metformin in melanoma, and found that metformin had no significant impact on the efficacy of pembrolizumab, especially in BRAF-mutated melanoma.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Oriana D'Ecclesiis, Elisa Pastore, Sara Gandini, Saverio Caini, Giulia Marvaso, Barbara A. Jereczek-Fossa, Giulia Corrao, Sara Raimondi, Federica Bellerba, Silvia Ciceri, Marialetizia Latella, Nora de Bonfioli Cavalcabo, Benedetta Bendinelli, Calogero Saieva, Miriam Fontana, Patrizia Gnagnarella
Summary: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and prostate cancer prognosis. The analysis included 19 independent studies and found that high alcohol consumption may be associated with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer in healthy individuals. However, further confirmation is needed due to inconsistencies in the results.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Mariarosaria Calvello, Monica Marabelli, Sara Gandini, Elena Marino, Loris Bernard, Matteo Dal Molin, Giulia Di Cola, Cristina Zanzottera, Giovanni Corso, Nicola Fazio, Lorenzo Gervaso, Uberto Fumagalli Romario, Massimo Barberis, Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga, Lucio Bertario, Davide Serrano, Bernardo Bonanni
Summary: Gastric cancer has traditionally been overlooked in hereditary cancer research, but the advent of multigene panel testing has shed light on the involvement of additional genes, particularly those related to homologous recombination repair. Our study identified CDH1 and MSH2 as genes associated with early-onset diffuse and later-onset intestinal gastric cancers, respectively. Multigene panel testing was found to be advantageous in patients with unspecific phenotypes, although it posed challenges in result interpretation.
Article
Oncology
Stefania Volpe, Aurora Gaeta, Francesca Colombo, Mattia Zaffaroni, Federico Mastroleo, Maria Giulia Vincini, Matteo Pepa, Lars Johannes Isaksson, Irene Turturici, Giulia Marvaso, Annamaria Ferrari, Giulio Cammarata, Riccardo Santamaria, Jessica Franzetti, Sara Raimondi, Francesca Botta, Mohssen Ansarin, Sara Gandini, Marta Cremonesi, Roberto Orecchia, Daniela Alterio, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the potential of radiomics and blood biomarkers in the prognosis stratification of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The integration of clinical, immunological, and computed tomography-derived features improves the prognostic stratification of OPSCC patients, regardless of HPV status. The Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR) plays a significant role in this population, and lymphopenia and anemia have detrimental effects. Further validation and investigation are needed to confirm these findings and explore the prognostic role of LMR in OPSCC.
Article
Oncology
Francesco Chu, Fausto Maffini, Daniela Lepanto, Davide Vacirca, Sergio Vincenzo Taormina, Rita De Berardinis, Sara Gandini, Silvano Vignati, Alberto Ranghiero, Alessandra Rappa, Susanna Chiocca, Massimo Barberis, Marta Tagliabue, Mohssen Ansarin
Summary: This study investigates the factors contributing to the progression from laryngeal dysplasia to invasive cancer, focusing on the alterations of the dysplastic micro-environment and immune system. Differentiating between progressing and non-progressing dysplasia is crucial for surveillance programs and cancer prevention.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davide Serrano, Federica Bellerba, Harriet Johansson, Debora Macis, Valentina Aristarco, Chiara A. Accornero, Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga, Cristina M. Trovato, Maria Giulia Zampino, Emanuela Omodeo Sale, Bernardo Bonanni, Sara Gandini, Patrizia Gnagnarella
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), while adherence to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) recommendations significantly reduces the risk of developing CRC. In a randomized trial, CRC patients showed gender and microbiota-specific responses to Vitamin D supplementation. Following WCRF recommendations was associated with lower levels of leptin and IL-6, as well as a lower risk of events. Vitamin D supplementation did not have a significant impact on circulating biomarkers or follow-up events.
Review
Biology
Andreas G. Tsantes, Pavlos Altsitzioglou, Dimitrios V. Papadopoulos, Drago Lorenzo, Carlo Luca Romano, Thami Benzakour, Shinji Tsukamoto, Costantino Errani, Andrea Angelini, Andreas F. Mavrogenis
Summary: Tumor prostheses infection is mainly caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., which form biofilms that are challenging to diagnose. Molecular biology techniques have improved the diagnostic accuracy but may have a high rate of false positive results. Surgical management is necessary for eradication of these infections. This study reviews the current knowledge regarding the risk factors, microbiology, diagnosis, and treatment of infections of tumor prostheses.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mattia Zaffaroni, Maria Giulia Vincini, Giulia Corrao, Chiara Lorubbio, Ilaria Repetti, Federico Mastroleo, Costantino Putzu, Riccardo Villa, Sofia Netti, Oriana D'Ecclesiis, Stefano Luzzago, Francesco Alessandro Mistretta, Gennaro Musi, Federica Cattani, Sara Gandini, Giulia Marvaso, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
Summary: This study aimed to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers in oligorecurrent, castration-sensitive prostate cancer in order to distinguish polymetastatic from oligometastatic disease and lay the foundation for personalized treatments. However, no valuable candidates were found in terms of nutritional and inflammatory parameters, suggesting that a reliable biological characterization of the oligometastatic state in prostate cancer is still challenging.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Debora Macis, Irene Maria Briata, Oriana D'Ecclesiis, Harriet Johansson, Valentina Aristarco, Tania Buttiron Webber, Massimo Oppezzi, Sara Gandini, Bernardo Bonanni, Andrea Decensi
Summary: This study found that the combination treatment of curcumin and anthocyanins did not directly affect circulating biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism, but revealed a complex modulation of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis.
Article
Oncology
Lisa Rinaldi, Elena Guerini Rocco, Gianluca Spitaleri, Sara Raimondi, Ilaria Attili, Alberto Ranghiero, Giulio Cammarata, Marta Minotti, Giuliana Lo Presti, Francesca De Piano, Federica Bellerba, Gianluigi Funicelli, Stefania Volpe, Serena Mora, Cristiana Fodor, Cristiano Rampinelli, Massimo Barberis, Filippo De Marinis, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa, Roberto Orecchia, Stefania Rizzo, Francesca Botta
Summary: The introduction of targeted therapy has revolutionized the treatment options for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In order to improve personalized therapy, non-invasive methods to assess mutational status and novel prognostic biomarkers are needed. This study investigated the role of CT radiomics in predicting prognosis and identifying actionable genomic alterations in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The findings support the potential use of CT radiomics in the clinical management of advanced lung cancer.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alexios Tsikopoulos, Konstantinos Tsikopoulos, Gabriele Meroni, Christoforos Gravalidis, Prodromos Soukouroglou, Athanasios Chatzimoschou, Lorenzo Drago, Stefanos Triaridis, Paraskevi Papaioannidou
Summary: Early failure of silicone voice prostheses due to fungal colonization and biofilm formation is a concern in ear nose throat surgery. In this study, nanomaterial-enhanced polymer coatings with Al2O3 nanowires and TiO2 nanoparticles were tested for their anti-biofilm effects against Candida albicans growth. Both nanomaterials showed the ability to prevent fungal biofilm formation, and a synergistic effect was observed when they were used together. Considering both Al2O3 and TiO2 may further enhance the antibiofilm potential and reduce localized toxicity.