Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuri Russo, Dragan Marinkovic, Borislav Obradovic, Giuseppe Vannozzi
Summary: The study aimed to characterize APAs preceding lateral steps and investigate how these are affected by footwear and lower limb preference. Results showed that footwear had a significant effect only on medio-lateral APAs amplitude and velocity, while limb preference had no effect.
Article
Biophysics
Yuri Russo, Giuseppe Vannozzi
Summary: The study investigates the effects of stepping direction and footwear on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) prior to forward and backward stepping. Results show that the direction of the step mainly affects APAs along the anteroposterior direction, while footwear mainly affects APAs in the mediolateral direction. Regardless of these factors, the medio-lateral strategy remains consistent, emphasizing the priority of balance control over motor performance.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Qi-Rong Lin, Po-Yu Chou, C. K. Chan
Summary: Through experiments on retinas, it has been found that the retina is capable of anticipating based on the synergistic information generation between x and x, indicating that illusions such as the anticipation studied during retinal perception may originate from the recombination of information extracted in the retinal network.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuaijie Wang, Gonzalo Varas-Diaz, Tanvi Bhatt
Summary: This study found that fewer muscle synergies were used during reactive stepping compared to voluntary stepping, with minor differences observed between age groups. Additionally, there was a low similarity of muscle synergies between voluntary and reactive stepping, and aging had a limited effect on the structure of muscle synergies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Runming Zhang, Libo Meng, Zhangguo Yu, Xuechao Chen, Huaxin Liu, Qiang Huang
Summary: This article proposes a method of integrating center of mass stabilization control into the optimization of stepping variables to achieve robust walking under perturbations. The method involves offline and online procedures, with benchmark coefficients and transition matrices derived in the offline procedure. In the online procedure, real-time prediction of subsequent step states and optimization of stepping variables are achieved using model predictive control. The combination of stepping adjustment and CoM stabilization control is demonstrated to have advantages.
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Veronica Farinelli, Francesco Bolzoni, Silvia Maria Marchese, Roberto Esposti, Paolo Cavallari
Summary: The study revealed the presence of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in trunk muscles at the onset of gait initiation. This suggests that these muscles are already active before the start of walking to support the movement.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Huaqing Liang, Tippawan Kaewmanee, Alexander S. Aruin
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether humans can generate anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) using an auditory cue when exposed to unpredictable perturbations. The results showed that young adults were able to rely on an auditory cue to generate stronger APAs when facing perturbations from behind, and training further enhanced the effectiveness of APAs. They utilized co-contraction of ventral and dorsal muscles as their APA response.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rebecca S. Rowland, Ned Jenkinson, Shin-Yi Chiou
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between electromyographic activity of the erector spinae muscles and motor cortical excitability in young and old adults prior to a fast shoulder flexion task. The results showed that in elderly participants, an increase in corticospinal excitability 40 ms prior to the onset of anterior deltoid electromyography activity correlated with the onset of erector spinae activity, counterbalancing the perturbation induced by the shoulder task. These findings suggest that the timing of increasing corticospinal excitability prior to self-paced perturbations becomes more important with aging in modulating postural control of the trunk.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohammad Fazle Rabbi, Laura E. Diamond, Chris P. Carty, David G. Lloyd, Giorgio Davico, Claudio Pizzolato
Summary: This study aims to develop a method to estimate activation patterns of lower limb muscles from electromyograms (EMG) measured from a small set of muscles in children with cerebral palsy. The results show that our muscle synergy extrapolation method can estimate the activation patterns of unmeasured muscles in children with cerebral palsy using only three to four experimental EMG.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tadayoshi Minamisawa, Noboru Chiba, Eizaburo Suzuki
Summary: In this study, the modulation of muscles in response to visual perturbation between the two lower limbs was examined. The findings showed increased coherence between muscles during the visual perturbation task and observed differences in modulation between the left and right limbs. Coherence between muscles was also related to motor accuracy. These results suggest that visual perturbations can promote coordination between lower limbs, indicating the potential for rehabilitation training to improve motor function in daily activities.
Article
Neurosciences
Huaqing Liang, Tippawan Kaewmanee, Alexander S. Aruin
Summary: Older adults can generate anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) relying on auditory information, and after training, they are able to rely solely on auditory cues to generate APAs.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Virology
Gizele Cristina Da Silva Almeida, Helio Resque Azevedo, Kelly Helorany Alves Costa, Alex Tadeu Viana da Cruz Junior, Daniela Rosa Garcez, Givago da Silva Souza, Bianca Callegari
Summary: HTLV-1 infected patients exhibit delayed lower limb muscle onset and center of pressure displacement compared to controls, with poorer anticipatory postural adjustments and greater difficulty recovering postural control during the compensatory phase.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Dezhen Xiong, Daohui Zhang, Xingang Zhao, Yaqi Chu, Yiwen Zhao
Summary: This study proposes a novel neural interface based on muscle synergy and deep learning for human gait tracking, which outperforms traditional methods. The correlation between muscle synergy and joint angles can be unearthed by deep learning, providing a new way for gait analysis.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryo Watanabe, Takahiro Higuchi
Summary: Research suggests that when the brain plans anticipatory actions, it takes into account both the probabilistic value and the action cost, especially for tasks involving maintaining postural stability. Participants in a study tended to plan their lateral balance adjustments for the worst-case scenario when stepping onto a target, in order to successfully accomplish the task while ensuring upright balance.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. C. Riddick, D. J. Farris, A. G. Cresswell, A. D. Kuo, L. A. Kelly
Summary: The study revealed the important role of short-latency stretch reflexes from foot muscles in responding to stepping perturbations for the first time. The response amplitude varied for downwards and upwards steps, with level and compliant steps in between. Individual expectations still significantly influenced the reflex, even after accounting for biomechanical relationships.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)