Article
Neurosciences
Gang Wu, Xi'an Zhang, Shijun Li, Dan Zhou, Jie Bai, Hanxiang Wang, Qing Shu
Summary: ORX and MCH have neuroprotective roles in ischemic stroke, potentially improving neurological function by reducing autophagy and neuronal apoptosis, and restoring sleep architecture.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qiuting Zeng, Weiran Shan, Hui Zhang, Jianjun Yang, Zhiyi Zuo
Summary: The study revealed that mice exhibit consolation behavior towards sick individuals, which helps alleviate anxiety in the sick. Activation of specific brain regions, particularly those involved in orexin signaling, plays a critical role in this behavior.
Review
Neurosciences
Cristina Concetti, Denis Burdakov
Summary: The lateral hypothalamus plays a role in sleep-wake control by producing orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone neuropeptides. These neuropeptides can rapidly change their firing in response to external stimuli in awake animals. Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations suggest that rapid lateral hypothalamic dynamics shape cognitive and motor processes in the awake brain.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Lei Li, Huijie Zhang, Zhenli Zheng, Nan Ma, Yidan Zhang, Yaping Liu, Jingjing Zhang, Songxue Su, Weidong Zang, Jinping Shao, Jing Cao
Summary: Postoperative pain duration is influenced by perioperative stress, and sleep disorder/deprivation can contribute to extended postsurgical pain. The study shows that the CaMKII alpha neurons in the middle paraventricular thalamus (PVT) are involved in the extension of postsurgical pain induced by rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD), suggesting a potential target for treating postoperative pain.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ling Xu, Ming-Zhe Liu, Ya-Yue Yang, Yan Wang, Xiao-Xiao Hua, Li-Xia Du, Jian-Yu Zhu, Yang Shen, Yan-Qing Wang, Ling Zhang, Wen-Li Mi, Di Mu
Summary: In this study, the mechanisms of geraniol (GE) in sedation in mice were investigated. The results showed that GE reduced locomotion, relieved acute seizures, altered the EEG, and facilitated general anesthesia in mice. It was also found that GE inhibited the activity of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) and induced sedation primarily by affecting GABAA receptors. These findings provide insights into the potential application of GE in aromatherapy and the development of sedatives and anaesthetics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatemeh Samani, Masoumeh Kourosh Arami
Summary: This study investigated the effect of orexin on morphine-induced analgesia and found that pre-treatment with orexin enhanced the analgesic effects of morphine. These findings provide new evidence for the role of orexin in analgesia in the brain.
PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Victoria Linehan, Michiru Hirasawa
Summary: Orexin and MCH neurons display different activation patterns during fasting, with orexin neurons primarily functioning in the later stage of fasting to promote arousal and foraging behaviors, while MCH neurons are preferentially activated in the early stage of fasting to protect against weight loss. This alternating activation of these neuron groups may optimize energy balance during ongoing fasting.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Moonsun Sa, Eun-Seon Yoo, Wuhyun Koh, Mingu Gordon Park, Hyun-Jun Jang, Yong Ryoul Yang, Mridula Bhalla, Jae-Hun Lee, Jiwoon Lim, Woojin Won, Jea Kwon, Joon-Ho Kwon, Yejin Seong, Byungeun Kim, Heeyoung An, Seung Eun Lee, Ki Duk Park, Pann-Ghill Suh, Jong-Woo Sohn, C. Justin Lee
Summary: The authors identify a role for GABRA5 neurons in the lateral hypothalamus for energy balance regulation. Inhibiting these neurons increases weight gain and lipid accumulation through a process dependent on astrocytic GABA release.
Article
Physiology
Jeremy A. Bigalke, Huanjia Gao, Qing-Hui Chen, Zhiying Shan
Summary: Salt-sensitivity is a major factor in the development of hypertension, and the role of the brain orexin system in the pathology of salt-sensitive hypertension remains to be explored. This study demonstrated that orexin signaling through the OX1R in the PVN plays a critical role in the onset and maintenance of hypertension in the DOCA-salt model, involving the activation of AVP-producing neurons and subsequent release of AVP into the periphery.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Lukas T. Oesch, Antoine R. Adamantidis
Summary: This review focuses on the electrical activity of feeding-promoting cells in the lateral hypothalamus across different states of vigilance, with a specific emphasis on REM sleep and its role in brain plasticity related to energy homeostasis and behavioral optimization.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amelia M. Douglass, Jon M. Resch, Joseph C. Madara, Hakan Kucukdereli, Ofer Yizhar, Abhinav Grama, Masahito Yamagata, Zongfang Yang, Bradford B. Lowell
Summary: Fasting activates the HPA axis through the inhibition of GABAergic afferents by AgRP neurons in the PVH. This study reveals the neural basis for fasting-induced HPA axis activation and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying stress-induced HPA axis activation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jo B. Henningsen, Rana Soylu-Kucharz, Maria Bjorkqvist, Asa Petersen
Summary: Huntington disease is a fatal neurodegenerative movement disorder caused by a mutant huntingtin protein. Despite certain brain regions being affected, the role of excitotoxicity in the loss of hypothalamic neuronal populations in HD remains unclear. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of selective vulnerability of certain neurons in HD.
Article
Physiology
Yuanyuan Fan, Enshe Jiang, Huanjia Gao, Jeremy Bigalke, Bojun Chen, Chunxiu Yu, Qinghui Chen, Zhiying Shan
Summary: The study showed that hyperactivity of the orexin system activates CaMKII expression in the PVN, leading to increased sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Furthermore, orexin-A treatment increases CaMKII expression and phosphorylation in OX1R-expressing PC12 cells, as well as CaMKII activation in cultured hypothalamic neurons. Additionally, optogenetic excitation of PVN CaMKII-expressing neurons results in robust increases in RSNA and BP in SD rats.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Peng-Fei Liu, Yan Wang, Rui Zhang, Ling Xu, Jin-Bao Li, Di Mu
Summary: Studies have shown that propofol can hyperpolarize PVT neurons by modulating inhibitory currents via GABA(A) receptors and increase miniature inhibitory synaptic currents.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Gabriel E. Bertolesi, Sarah McFarlane
Summary: Plastic adaptation of skin color to match the environment is crucial for survival, involving both physiological and morphological responses. Unique molecules in teleosts, such as melanin-concentrating hormone like and somatolactin, play a key role in regulating skin pigmentation. These molecules form a previously unknown link between physiological and morphological pigmentation in fish.
PIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Eun Y. Lee, Hyun S. Lee
Article
Neurosciences
Young G. Hwang, Hyun S. Lee
Article
Neurosciences
Ye S. Yoon, Hyun S. Lee
Article
Neurosciences
Ye S. Yoon, Ji S. Lee, Hyun S. Lee
Article
Neurosciences
Ji S. Lee, Hyun S. Lee
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hyun-Sook Lee, Risa Yamazaki, Dianru Wang, Sebastien Arthaud, Patrice Fort, Laura A. DeNardo, Pierre-Herve Luppi
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Sung-Gyoon Oh, Young-Gi Hwang, Hyun-Sook Lee
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Renato Maciel, Risa Yamazaki, Dianru Wang, Anna De Laet, Sebastien Cabrera, Claudio Agnorelli, Sebastien Arthaud, Paul-Antoine Libourel, Patrice Fort, Hyunsook Lee, Claudio Queiroz, Pierre-Herve Luppi
Summary: Using TRAP2 transgenic mice, different neurons were found to be activated during PS and W in the anterior cingulate and rostral and caudal retrosplenial cortices as well as the claustrum. Additionally, during PS, the distribution of neurons in the rRSP and cRSP was limited to superficial layers, in contrast to the widespread activation across all layers during W. These results clearly demonstrate at the cellular level that PS and W are two completely different states in terms of neocortical activation.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Risa Yamazaki, Dianru Wang, Anna De Laet, Renato Maciel, Claudio Agnorelli, Sebastien Cabrera, Sebastien Arthaud, Paul-Antoine Libourel, Patrice Fort, Hyunsook Lee, Pierre-Herve Luppi
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the reactivation of neurons in the hippocampus and supramammillary nucleus during wakefulness and paradoxical sleep. The results showed different activated neurons in these regions during wakefulness and paradoxical sleep, and the activation of granule cells in the infrapyramidal blade of the DG during paradoxical sleep. Further research is needed to determine the role of these granule cells in memory reactivation during paradoxical sleep.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Sung-Gyoon Oh, Eun-Yeup Lee, Hyun-Sook Lee
Summary: A recent report suggests that Lhx6+ GABA-releasing neurons in the ventral zona incerta (VZI) promote sleep, particularly paradoxical sleep (PS). The study examines the specific connections of Lhx6-expressing neurons with cholinergic and monoaminergic nuclei from the basal forebrain (BF) to brainstem (BS). The findings suggest that Lhx6+ VZI neurons may play an important role in the regulation of PS through the neural network involving cholinergic and monoaminergic nuclei.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Eun Y. Lee, Young G. Hwang, Hyun S. Lee
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.