Analysis of Statistical Methods for Assessment of Power Transformer Frequency Response Measurements

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is a widely accepted diagnostic method to assess the mechanical integrity of the active parts within a power transformer. Recent studies in the field of FRA have led to the standardization of its measurement procedure as described in the IEC and IEEE standards. However, the interpretation of FRA results is still limited to the analysis of the experts in the field. Using numerical indices is one of the methods introduced for the FRA interpretation, which quantifies the differences in FRA signatures. There are numerous indices proposed in the literature. However, there is no comprehensive comparison study to assess the sensitivity of these numerical indices against different faults. This contribution is an effort in this direction, which collects all indices on a single platform, compares and categories them based on their characteristics, to announce more appropriate indices as the standard ones. This paper defines the criteria for an appropriate index such as monotonicity, linearity, sensitivity, data-points dependency and index ratio. The evaluation of the indices is performed using 10 case studies from an experimental setup, molded transformer, and real power transformer cases. The results of this paper reveal that some indices stand out from the others in terms of performance and can be considered as the most appropriate ones that can satisfactorily calculate the changes between FRA signatures. The results also provide useful facts and guidelines for the standardization process of numerical indices for their implementation in the FRA studies.

Automated summary

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is widely used for evaluating the mechanical integrity of power transformers. Recent studies have standardized measurement procedures, but interpretation of results remains limited. Evaluation and comparison of numerical indices can help identify more suitable indices for calculating changes in FRA signatures.