Article
Environmental Sciences
Leon Nill, Inge Grunberg, Tobias Ullmann, Matthias Gessner, Julia Boike, Patrick Hostert
Summary: This study successfully estimated the fractional cover of shrubs and other surface components in the Arctic tundra using satellite observations and synthetic training data. The results showed an increase in shrub cover and a decline in herbaceous plant and lichen cover, indicating a replacement and homogenisation of Arctic vegetation communities. The proposed method provides new opportunities for quantitatively estimating the fractional cover of tundra vegetation and advancing our understanding of shrub expansion.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Emma L. Davis, Andrew J. Trant, Robert G. Way, Luise Hermanutz, Darroch Whitaker
Summary: Northern protected areas play a crucial role in safeguarding habitats and species, but their fixed spatial boundaries make them highly susceptible to environmental changes. Using satellite remote sensing and geostatistical modelling, a study focused on Torngat Mountains National Park in Canada revealed the drivers of land cover change and predicted future expansion of shrub vegetation based on biotic and topographic variables. The study anticipates a significant increase in shrub cover by 2039/43, emphasizing the importance of establishing long-term monitoring plots to validate remote sensing observations and understand the impacts on the tundra ecosystem.
Article
Soil Science
Maelle Villani, Elisabeth Mauclet, Yannick Agnan, Arsene Druel, Briana Jasinski, Meghan Taylor, Edward A. G. Schuur, Sophie Opfergelt
Summary: Climate change affects the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions by thawing previously frozen permafrost, which has implications for plant growth and soil composition. This study investigated the changes in vegetation and soil mineral element composition during permafrost degradation and found differences between plant species. Increased shrubification resulted in decreased concentrations of certain elements in the soil, while other elements remained relatively stable.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Zelalem A. Mekonnen, William J. Riley, Logan T. Berner, Nicholas J. Bouskill, Margaret S. Torn, Go Iwahana, Amy L. Breen, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Mariana Garcia Criado, Yanlan Liu, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Scott J. Goetz, Michelle C. Mack, Robert F. Grant
Summary: Shrub expansion in the Arctic tundra is a significant response to rapid climate warming, impacting ecosystem carbon balances through various factors such as climate change, accelerated nutrient cycling, and changing disturbance regimes. The increase in tall deciduous shrubs can alter carbon dynamics by enhancing carbon uptake, affecting ecosystem respiration, and influencing feedback mechanisms that impact snowpack, permafrost, energy balance, and litter inputs. Land models need to incorporate plant traits to accurately predict tundra vegetation dynamics and carbon balances over decadal to centennial scales.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
William J. Riley, Zelalem A. Mekonnen, Jinyun Tang, Qing Zhu, Nicholas J. Bouskill, Robert F. Grant
Summary: Plant growth and distribution in high-latitude tundra ecosystems are limited by nutrient availability, and the acquisition of nutrients by plants during the non-growing season significantly affects vegetation dynamics. Utilizing a mechanistic model, this study demonstrates that nutrient uptake during the non-growing season enhances shrub growth and expansion rates.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yonghong Yi, Richard H. Chen, John S. Kimball, Mahta Moghaddam, Xiaolan Xu, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Narendra Das, Charles E. Miller
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between surface organic carbon content and soil moisture dynamics in the Alaska North Slope. The results show that the drydown process of soil moisture in Arctic tundra is closely related to the surface soil organic carbon properties. The study suggests that satellite L-band observations are sensitive to tundra soil moisture and carbon properties.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Howard E. Epstein, Donald A. Walker, Gerald Frost, Martha K. Raynolds, Uma Bhatt, Ronald Daanen, Bruce Forbes, Jozsef Geml, Elina Kaarlejarvi, Olga Khitun, Artem Khomutov, Patrick Kuss, Marina Leibman, Georgy Matyshak, Nataliya Moskalenko, Pavel Orekhov, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Ina Timling
Summary: Field sampling along the Eurasia Arctic Transect in northwestern Siberia showed that aboveground vegetation biomass, NDVI, and LAI all increased with the summer warmth index. Different soil types influenced the spatial patterns of these vegetation properties. Shrub biomass increased non-linearly with summer warmth index, while moss and lichen biomass responded differently to the increase in temperature.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Vitalii Zemlianskii, Ksenia Ermokhina, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Nadezhda Matveyeva, Elena Troeva, Igor Lavrinenko, Mikhail Telyatnikov, Igor Pospelov, Natalia Koroleva, Nadezhda Leonova, Olga Khitun, Donald Walker, Amy Breen, Nikita Kadetov, Olga Lavrinenko, Tatiana Ivleva, Sergey Kholod, Nataliia Petrzhik, Yakov Gunin, Maria Kurysheva, Anna Lapina, Denis Korolev, Ekaterina Kudr, Elena Plekhanova
Summary: The goal of the Russian Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-RU) is to unify and harmonize data of plot-based plant species and their abundance, vegetation structure, and environmental variables from the Russian Arctic. This database can be used to assess the status of the Russian Arctic vegetation and document biodiversity changes in the future. It can also support scientific studies and inform nature protection and restoration efforts.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiaying He, Dong Chen, Liza Jenkins, Tatiana Loboda
Summary: Tundra ecosystems contain high soil organic carbon levels, with wildfires impacting soil properties and ecosystem functioning. Short-lived tundra fires may not significantly consume organic soil layers, leading to potential overestimations of soil organic carbon stock and fire impacts. Repeated fires could result in greater loss of soil organic carbon, with soil moisture and temperature affected by wildfire in tussock tundra over decades.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Austin Roy, Laura Gough, Natalie T. Boelman, Rebecca J. Rowe, Kevin L. Griffin, Jennie R. McLaren
Summary: Understanding the impact of small mammal structures on Arctic ecosystems is crucial for predicting global carbon and nutrient cycling. This study found that small mammal structures, such as hay piles, runways, and latrines, can increase soil nitrogen availability and influence various soil nutrient pools and enzyme activities. However, the effects vary across different regions in the Arctic tundra. Additionally, changes in the abundance and cover of these structures during different phases of small mammal population cycles may have long-lasting effects on ecosystem processes.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiaqi Han, Jiahua Zhang, Shanshan Yang, Ayalkibet M. Seka
Summary: The rapid intensification of drought, known as flash drought, has become a subject of research interest. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics, drivers, and ecological impacts of rapidly intensified droughts compared to slowly intensified ones globally. Through a comparative analysis, three types of droughts were defined based on soil moisture decline rates: flash droughts, general droughts, and creep droughts. The findings suggest that flash droughts were the majority during 1980-2019, indicating a prevalence of rapid transition from energy-limited to water-limited conditions in most regions. Vegetation response analysis showed that flash droughts are more likely to occur during the growing season, leading to faster but relatively minor vegetation deterioration compared to slowly intensified droughts. Additionally, the impact of temperature and precipitation anomalies on drought intensification varied by region.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jianyu Xiao, Chengqun Yu, Gang Fu
Summary: The uncertain responses of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and plant diversity to climate warming and increased precipitation will limit our ability to predict changes in vegetation productivity and plant diversity under future climate change and further constrain our ability to protect biodiversity and ecosystems. A long-term experiment was conducted in an alpine meadow of Northern Tibet from 2014 to 2019 to explore the effects of warming and increased precipitation on ANPP, plant species, phylogenetic diversity, and community composition. The results showed that climate warming and increased precipitation had non-linear effects on ANPP and plant diversity, and inter-annual variations of ANPP and plant diversity were stronger than the effects of warming and increased precipitation.
Article
Geography, Physical
Richard E. Fewster, Paul J. Morris, Graeme T. Swindles, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Claire C. Treat, Miriam C. Jones
Summary: Vegetation shifts in circum-Arctic permafrost peatlands have important consequences for carbon budgets and permafrost thaw. Shrub and tree growth in these peatlands remain unquantified. We investigate vegetation composition using plant macrofossil records and find increasing woody vegetation alongside declining herbaceous vegetation. Shrubification is most pronounced where permafrost coverage is discontinuous. Shrub expansion and decline have occurred across the pan-Arctic since 200 years BP, indicating complex ecological responses to climate warming and permafrost degradation.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
James D. M. Speed, J. Adrian Chimal-Ballesteros, Michael D. Martin, Isabel C. Barrio, Katariina E. M. Vuorinen, Eeva M. Soininen
Summary: Poleward shifts in species distributions are expected in warming climates, with vertebrate herbivores potentially impacting greening and shrub advance in the Arctic tundra. Researchers in this study found that herbivore community diversity is significantly higher in the boreal forest than in the Arctic tundra, primarily influenced by temperature rather than vegetation productivity or woody plant cover. The changing herbivore community structure in the tundra is more likely caused by the direct effects of climate warming rather than herbivore-driven vegetation changes.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Robert Gus Jespersen, Alan Joshua Leffler, Maria Vaisanen, Jeffrey M. Welker
Summary: Wetting induced significant changes in ecosystem structure, accelerating the expansion of Salix arctica cover and increasing carbon and nitrogen pools in both aboveground and root biomass. The combined effects of wetting and warming enhanced plot-level greenness, while at the plant level, responses to warming and wetting varied among species. Overall, while certain aspects of the High Arctic ecosystem responded to the experimental manipulations, others such as carbon and nitrogen allocation patterns and soil properties remained resilient in the face of climate change.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ting Zhou, Yan Li, Bo Jiang, Juha M. Alatalo, Chen Li, Cheng Ni
Summary: This study analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamics of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Chaohu Lake, China from 2000 to 2021. The results showed that HABs in the lake have generally been increasing over the past two decades, with intermittent decreases in 2016-2017 and 2020-2021. HABs were most severe and frequent in the northwestern area of the lake. Temperature and precipitation were identified as the main meteorological factors correlated with HABs. The study also found that the rapid socioeconomic development and eutrophication of the lake contributed to the occurrence of HABs. However, environmental management policies implemented since 2020 have significantly reduced the severity of HABs by decreasing the lake's nutrient levels.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Amber Woutersen, Phillip E. Jardine, Daniele Silvestro, Raul Giovanni Bogota-Angel, Hong-Xiang Zhang, Niels Meijer, Johannes Bouchal, Natasha Barbolini, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Andreas Koutsodendris, Alexandre Antonelli, Carina Hoorn
Summary: This study investigates the evolution, taxonomic diversity, and morphological disparity of the genus Nitraria, using a unified phylogenetic framework based on both DNA sequences and pollen morphological data. The oldest Nitraria fossil pollen grain, at least 53 million years old, was found in Central Asian deposits, providing new evidence for its origin in this area. The Eocene-Oligocene Transition is identified as a crucial period for the evolution of Nitraria.
BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Gabriel Sigmund, Marlene Agerstrand, Alexandre Antonelli, Thomas Backhaus, Tomas Brodin, Miriam L. Diamond, Walter R. Erdelen, David C. Evers, Thilo Hofmann, Thorsten Hueffer, Adelene Lai, Joao P. M. Torres, Leonie Mueller, Allison L. Perrigo, Matthias C. Rillig, Andreas Schaeffer, Martin Scheringer, Kristin Schirmer, Ahmed Tlili, Anna Soehl, Rita Triebskorn, Penny Vlahos, Colette vom Berg, Zhanyun Wang, Ksenia J. Groh
Summary: Climate change, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution are urgent global emergencies that require immediate actions to mitigate. While climate change and biodiversity are often studied together, chemical pollution's contribution to biodiversity loss has been largely overlooked. Failure to address pollution effects may undermine biodiversity protection efforts, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations in understanding and countering the negative impact of chemical pollution on ecosystems.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shi Xue, Zhou Fang, Yang Bai, Juha M. Alatalo, Yang Yang, Fan Zhang
Summary: Integrating ecosystem services into National Park management can address the contradiction between ecological conservation and economic development. Using the Sanjiangyuan National Park as a case study, this research proposes integrating ecosystem services into National Park delimitation for sustainable management. It is found that the current boundary of the National Park does not sufficiently cover high ecosystem service areas, and multiple ecosystem service supply areas are dispersed to the southeast edge of the park. Therefore, it is recommended to adjust the park's boundary by expanding the ecosystem service hotspot areas on the southeastern edge and diversifying funding sources for ecological restoration.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniela Gomez-Martinez, Johanna Bengtson, Anders K. Nilsson, Adrian K. Clarke, Rolf Henrik Nilsson, Erik Kristiansson, Natalia Corcoll
Summary: Herbicide pollution is a global threat to plants and freshwater ecosystems. This study investigates how the green microalgal species Raphidocelis subcapitata adapts to the herbicide diflufenican and the associated trade-off expenses. The algae were exposed to diflufenican for 12 weeks and the results showed an initial dose-dependent stress phase, followed by a recovery phase. After acclimation, R. subcapitata exhibited similar growth, pigment composition, and photosynthetic performance as the unexposed algae, but with smaller cell size and changes in gene expression.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Mycology
R. Henrik Nilsson, Martin Ryberg, Christian Wurzbacher, Leho Tedersoo, Sten Anslan, Sergei Polme, Viacheslav Spirin, Vladimir Mikryukov, Sten Svantesson, Martin Hartmann, Charlotte Lennartsdotter, Pauline Belford, Maryia Khomich, Alice Retter, Natalia Corcoll, Daniela Gomez Martinez, Tobias Jansson, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Duong Vu, Marisol Sanchez-Garcia, Erik Kristiansson, Kessy Abarenkov
Summary: Fungal metabarcoding reveals numerous fungal species that cannot be identified through morphology or cultivation. This challenges the current view that the situation is satisfactory and calls for discussion on DNA-based descriptions of species. The study proposes criteria for such descriptions.
Letter
Ecology
Alexandre Antonelli, Harith Farooq, Matheus Colli-Silva, Joao P. M. Araujo, Andre V. L. Freitas, Elliot M. Gardner, Olwen Grace, Shiran Gu, Lovanomenjanahary Marline, Mark Nesbitt, Tuula Niskanen, Jean Michel Onana, Oscar A. Perez-Escobar, Charlotte Taylor, Sandra Knapp
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Beatriz Neves, Paola de L. Ferreira, Francisco Prosdocimi, Igor M. Kessous, Dayvid R. Couto, Ricardo L. Moura, Fabiano Salgueiro, Andrea F. Costa, Christine D. Bacon, Alexandre Antonelli
Summary: Mutualistic plant-pollinator interactions are important for the diversification of flowering plants. This study investigates the correlated evolution of pollination syndromes and other traits in the Vriesea-Stigmatodon lineage. The results show that pollination syndromes are correlated with changes in life form and habitat type, and the transitions from bat to hummingbird pollination coincide with shifts to the epiphytic life form in shaded habitats. The phylogenetic tree reveals independent origins of hummingbird pollination and suggests that some lineages within the genus Vriesea should be treated as species complexes.
BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Mohammad Hadi Ahmad, Ahmed Abubakar, Mohd Yusoff Ishak, Samir Shehu Danhassan, Zhang Jiahua, Juha M. Alatalo
Summary: Climate change has significant impacts on vegetation and livelihoods, particularly in dryland areas. This study uses remote sensing and GIS analysis to simulate the effects of temperature and precipitation on vegetation dynamics in Katsina State, Nigeria. The results demonstrate increasing temperatures, decreasing precipitation, and a more adverse trend under the RCP8.5 scenario.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ting Zhou, Hongwei Qu, Yan Wang, Juha M. Alatalo, Jun Qian, Sunxinyu Zhuan, Bo Jiang
Summary: This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for risk assessment of algal bloom coupling quantity and distribution based on remote sensing observations. The framework was applied to China's Chaohu Lake to assess the annual algal bloom risk. The results showed that this proposed method could achieve a more comprehensive and objective risk assessment.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hai Ren, Alexandre Antonelli
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Leho Tedersoo, Jaan Sepping, Alexey S. Morgunov, Martin Kiik, Kristiina Esop, Raul Rosenvald, Kate Hardwick, Elinor Breman, Rachel Purdon, Ben Groom, Frank Venmans, E. Toby Kiers, Alexandre Antonelli
Summary: This article proposes a scheme that offers tradable credits for combined aboveground and soil carbon and biodiversity. Multidiversity, estimated based on high-throughput molecular identification of soil meiofauna, fungi, bacteria, protists, plants and other organisms shedding DNA into soil, offers a cost-effective method that captures much of the terrestrial biodiversity.
PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET
(2023)
Letter
Plant Sciences
Paul J. Kersey, Alexandre Antonelli
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kessy Abarenkov, R. Henrik Nilsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Andy F. S. Taylor, Tom W. May, Tobias Guldberg Froslev, Julia Pawlowska, Bjoern Lindahl, Kadri Poldmaa, Camille Truong, Duong Vu, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Tuula Niskanen, Timo Piirmann, Filipp Ivanov, Allan Zirk, Marko Peterson, Tanya E. Cheeke, Yui Ishigami, Arnold Tobias Jansson, Thomas Stjernegaard Jeppesen, Erik Kristiansson, Vladimir Mikryukov, Joseph T. Miller, Ryoko Oono, Francisco J. Ossandon, Joana Pauperio, Irja Saar, Dmitry Schigel, Ave Suija, Leho Tedersoo, Urmas Koljalg
Summary: UNITE is a web-based database and sequence management environment for molecular identification of eukaryotes. It offers a large number of sequences for reference and ensures accurate referencing through digital object identifiers. The latest release of UNITE has improved functionalities for biodiversity discovery and integration of biological knowledge.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Alexandre Antonelli, Kiran L. Dhanjal-Adams, Daniele Silvestro
Summary: Machine learning approaches are actively contributing to biodiversity conservation and research in the face of rapid global change. This paper introduces two emerging topics and their associated data needs. Firstly, reinforcement learning is used to identify priority areas for protection to prevent biodiversity loss, taking into account human disturbance and climate change in recurrent monitoring schemes. Secondly, neural networks are utilized to approximate the classification of species into Red List categories of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, enabling real-time reclassification after major events like widespread fires and deforestation. The paper discusses the integration of identifying high-risk areas and species into an early warning system based on climate monitoring, remote sensing of land use changes, and real-time biological and threat data from citizen science initiatives. Such a system would guide actions to prevent biodiversity loss in a timely and effective manner.
PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET
(2023)