Review
Thermodynamics
Joshua Iseoluwa Orege, Olayinka Oderinde, Ghebretensae Aron Kifle, Adeola Ahmed Ibikunle, Saheed Abiola Raheem, Onome Ejeromedoghene, Emmanuel Sunday Okeke, Olubunmi Michael Olukowi, Odunola Blessing Orege, Emmanuel Oluwaseyi Fagbohun, Taiwo Oladapo Ogundipe, Esther Praise Avor, Omoyemi Oluwatosin Ajayi, Michael Olawale Daramola
Summary: Heterogeneous catalysis provides a viable alternative for low-cost biodiesel production, and catalytic transesterification is considered the most feasible synthesis method. Nine commonly used heterogeneous catalysts have been studied, with a focus on versatile catalysts with high activity and low production cost.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ana Paula Soares Dias, Monica Catarino, Joao Gomes
Summary: Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) can be produced from lard/soybean oil mixtures using a calcium-based catalyst. Co-processing lard/SBO mixtures can attenuate the undesirable fat acidity drawback and increase FAME yields.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ayse Hilal Ulukardesler
Summary: The global energy demand is increasing and fossil fuels will eventually be depleted. Renewable biofuels, such as biodiesel, have the potential to meet the world's current energy demand. This study aims to optimize the biodiesel production process and reduce production cost by using waste cooking oil as a raw material.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
K. A. Viraj Miyuranga, Udara S. P. R. Arachchige, T. M. M. Marso, Gamunu Samarakoon
Summary: Five heterogeneous catalysts (Ba(OH)(2), CaO, MgO, ZnO, and AlCl3) were used to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The reaction parameters of each catalyst were optimized by studying the influence of catalyst loading, methanol-to-oil ratio, and reaction duration. The addition of acetone as a cosolvent increased the biodiesel yield, and all heterogeneous catalysts were found to be reusable, with Ba(OH)(2) and CaO showing significant yields until the third cycle.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daniel T. Oyekunle, Maulidi Barasa, Eman A. Gendy, Sieh Kiong Tiong
Summary: In recent years, biodiesel as a substitute for fossil fuels has gained increasing attention, although its production cost is higher. To reduce the cost, biodiesel has been produced from different feedstock based on local availability, but the feedstock quality limits the quality and efficiency of the transesterification process. The quality of biodiesel depends on fatty acid compositions and physicochemical properties of the oil feedstock, and the use of solid-based catalysts has been preferred due to their reusability and ease of separation. Different catalyst properties and process parameters also influence the transesterification reaction.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Violeta Makareviciene, Egle Sendzikiene, Ieva Gaide
Summary: Recent studies have shown that microalgae hold potential for use in biodiesel synthesis. The use of heterogeneous catalysts and immobilized enzymes can simplify the synthesis process, reduce costs, and improve ester yields. Parameters such as temperature and molar ratio of alcohol to oil have significant effects on the yield under enzymatic catalysis conditions.
FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. Murguia-Ortiz, I. Cordova, M. E. Manriquez, E. Ortiz-Islas, R. Cabrera-Sierra, J. L. Contreras, B. Alcantar-Vazquez, M. Trejo-Rubio, J. T. Vazquez-Rodriguez, L. V. Castro
Summary: Mexican dolomites doped with sodium nitrate were calcined to generate mixed metal oxides for catalytic transesterification of canola oil. Among all catalysts, Na-CaO/MgO exhibited the highest conversion rate of 95.4% and the optimal theoretical conversion rate of 97.46% was obtained through nonlinear programming.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fakhar Zaman, Muhammad Waqas Ishaq, Noaman Ul-Haq, Wajeeh Ur Rahman, M. Muzaffar Ali, Faisal Ahmed, Anwar ul Haq
Summary: Biodiesel, a promising alternative to fossil fuels, is widely used in transportation sector in developing countries. The selection of suitable catalysts and meeting ASTM standards are crucial in biodiesel production, and further research is needed to improve efficiency.
CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anupam Singha Roy, Aby Cheruvathoor Poulose, Aristides Bakandritsos, Rajender S. Varma, Michal Otyepka
Summary: 2D carbon materials like graphene derivatives have been explored as catalysts for biodiesel production due to their exceptional properties, but challenges such as irreversible agglomeration, low bulk density, and poor dispersibility in organic solvents limit their applications as catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts support.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Milos Marinkovic, Hadi Waisi, Stevan Blagojevic, Aleksandra Zarubica, Radomir Ljupkovic, Aleksandra Krstic, Bojan Jankovic
Summary: This study presents the synthesis of a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst based on aluminum oxide support. The catalyst is promoted with potassium iodide as an active dopant, resulting in enhanced catalyst activity. The modified sol-gel method was found to be the most favorable for synthesizing the catalyst support, which showed superior catalytic performances in the transesterification of sunflower oil. The optimal process parameters resulted in a maximum conversion rate of 99.99%.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abdulaziz A. Al-Kheraif, Asad Syed, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Darshan Devang Divakar, Rajasree Shanmuganathan, Kathirvel Brindhadevi
Summary: This study focuses on utilizing Candle nut and Soap nut biodiesel as an alternative to conventional fuel, incorporating nanoalumina at a concentration of 25 ppm to analyze emission characteristics and engine performance. The results show that the nanoparticles improve engine performance significantly due to the increased surface area to volume ratio of Al2O3, leading to reductions in nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon emissions at higher concentrations. Among the various biodiesel blends, 30B samples demonstrate the best results in reducing emissions.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Velid Demir, Mesut Akgun
Summary: Due to carbon dioxide emissions and depletion of fossil fuels, biodiesel from green sources is considered a promising alternative energy. Transesterification is the most efficient method for converting green resources into biodiesel, with factors such as alcohol-oil ratio, reaction conditions, and catalyst amount affecting the process.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sajad Tamjidi, Hossein Esmaeili, Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas
Summary: The challenge of replacing fossil fuels with new energy sources is being addressed by exploring biodiesel as an alternative, although its relatively high cost compared to conventional diesel remains an issue. The use of magnetic catalysts shows promise in reducing production costs and promoting the large-scale synthesis of biodiesel.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Murat Efgan Kibar, Lina Hilal, Begum Tuna Capa, Buse Bahcivanlar, Brahim Ben Abdeljelil
Summary: The utilization and production of biodiesel have increased due to its advantages over other biofuel products. Biodiesel can be produced through various methods, with transesterification being the most common. Heterogeneous catalysts are favored for biodiesel production as they reduce costs and are more environmentally friendly. This study provides an overview of biodiesel, its production methods, and specifically focuses on the use of heterogeneous catalysts and their impact on the production process.
CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
Xiaoling Ma, Fengsheng Liu, Yaxin Helian, Chaorui Li, Zhongjie Wu, Hui Li, Huijun Chu, Yongbo Wang, Yangyang Wang, Wanpeng Lu, Min Guo, Mingzhi Yu, Shoujun Zhou
Summary: Biodiesel is a green and renewable energy source, and the use of heterogeneous catalysts like metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in its production process is gaining attention due to the difficulties of recovery and reuse associated with traditional homogeneous catalysts. The unique structure and advantages of MOFs make them a promising candidate for catalyzing biodiesel production.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Sonam Kumari, Neetu Dhanda, Atul Thakur, Vaishali Gupta, Satyendra Singh, Rakesh Kumar, Saif Hameed, Preeti Thakur
Summary: Ca-doped Mg-Zn ferrite Mg0.4Zn(0.6-x)CaxFe2O4 nanomaterials with various calcium content were synthesized using the citrate precursor approach. The structural, morphological, optical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties of the nanomaterials were systematically studied. The synthesized nanoferrites exhibited a cubic spinel structure with spherical morphology. The nanomaterials showed promising photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B dye and significant antimicrobial potential against Candida albicans fungi.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Arjun Singh, Prateek Kishore, Rajesh Kumar, Pramod Kumar Soni, Preeti Thakur, Atul Thakur
Summary: In this study, three different types of polyester-based polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized using different curatives (MDI, IPDI, and TMDI) as curing agents. The formation of urethane linkages in the PUs was confirmed by FTIR study. The chemical stability and thermal stability of the PUs were evaluated using VST and TGA techniques. The results showed that the thermal stability and activation energy varied significantly with different curing agents.
JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART B-PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Saarthak Kharbanda, Neetu Dhanda, An-Cheng Aidan Sun, Atul Thakur, Preeti Thakur
Summary: Multiferroics, such as Bismuth Ferrite (BFO), are ceramic materials that coexist with properties like ferro or antiferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and ferro elasticity, which have wide applications in photovoltaics, optics, and electronic technology. This review compiles discussions on the development of BFO-based multiferroic ceramics, including crystal structure, properties, and their role in synthesis of novel devices and other applications like water treatment, energy generation, photovoltaics, piezoelectrics, high and ultra-high frequency range devices, etc. The challenges and opportunities related to these materials are analyzed, aiming to encourage further research and development for optimal utilization.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Neetu Dhanda, Preeti Thakur, An-Cheng Aidan Sun, Atul Thakur
Summary: An innovative Aloe Vera-aided combustion approach was used to synthesize silver-substituted Ni-Co nano ferrites, which showed structural and magnetic changes and promising antifungal properties. The addition of silver to the ferrite structure increased the size of the unit cell and affected the coercivity and saturation magnetization. UV-Vis absorbance spectra indicated a band gap increase with silver concentration. These ferrite nanoparticles exhibited exceptional antifungal activity against C. albicans cells, suggesting their potential as antifungal drugs.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Deepika Chahar, Preeti Thakur, An-Cheng Aidan Sun, Atul Thakur
Summary: Nickel-substituted cobalt-zinc ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized and their morphological, structural, electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of single-phase cubic structure, with crystallite size varying between 36.79 and 40.57 nm. SEM micrographs revealed an average grain size of approximately 100 nm. The synthesized nanoferrite particles exhibited efficient dielectric properties at 1 MHz frequency.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Manish Naagar, Sonia Chalia, Saarthak Kharbanda, Preeti Thakur, Atul Thakur
Summary: NiFe2O4 (NF) and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (NZF) nanoparticles were synthesized using the citrate precursor method. XRD analysis confirmed their single phase, crystallinity, and spinel structure with crystallite sizes of approximately 12 nm and 33 nm, respectively. SEM and TEM images showed clear grain boundaries and random agglomeration. The NF and NZF nanoparticles exhibited moderate saturation magnetization and low coercivity, and their magnetic ordering followed the Yafet-Kittel three-sublattice model with a split octahedral sublattice and triangular spin arrangement.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sonam Kumari, Neetu Dhanda, Atul Thakur, Satyendra Singh, Preeti Thakur
Summary: An efficient and cost-effective citrate precursor wet chemical approach was used to prepare a series of Calcium-doped Magnesium-Zinc ferrite particles. XRD and SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the spinel structure and nanometric size of the particles. The prepared nanoferrite material exhibited a highly magnetic nature and low dielectric loss tangent values, making it suitable for high-frequency application devices.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Deepika Chahar, Dinesh Kumar, Preeti Thakur, Atul Thakur
Summary: In this research, porous and low specific surface area spinel nanoferrites were used for the degradation of methylene blue dye through a heterogeneous adsorption photocatalytic process. Mg2+ substituted Co-Zn nanoferrite particles showed good magnetic properties and were found to be environmentally friendly.
MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Atul Thakur, Ritesh Verma, Fayu Wan, Blaise Ravelo, Irina Edelman, Sergei Ovchinnikov, Preeti Thakur
Summary: In this study, Cu-doped CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with different doping concentrations (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) were synthesized via the citrate precursor method. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of pure cubic structure with Fd-3m space group. Rietveld refinement was carried out to determine the structural purity and cation distribution. SEM revealed the reduction in grain size. FTIR showed a decrease in peak values as the dopant ion concentration increases. VSM analysis showed a decrease in saturation magnetization, net magnetic moment, and effective anisotropy constant values. The prepared nanoparticles have potential for industrial applications.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Atul Thakur, Ritesh Verma, Ankush Chauhan, Fayu Wan, Preeti Thakur
Summary: In this study, BaFe12O19 and BaFe12O19: Epoxy (50:50) nanocomposites were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The structural information and material properties, such as crystallite size and electrical conductivity, were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TEM techniques.