Biowaste-to-bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates): Conversion technologies, strategies, challenges, and perspective
出版年份 2021 全文链接
标题
Biowaste-to-bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates): Conversion technologies, strategies, challenges, and perspective
作者
关键词
Biowaste, Biodiesel waste, Bioplastic, Lignocellulosic biomass, Municipal waste, Polyhydroxyalkanoates
出版物
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 326, Issue -, Pages 124733
出版商
Elsevier BV
发表日期
2021-01-19
DOI
10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124733
参考文献
相关参考文献
注意:仅列出部分参考文献,下载原文获取全部文献信息。- Long-term validation of polyhydroxyalkanoates production potential from the sidestream of municipal wastewater treatment plant at pilot scale
- (2020) Vincenzo Conca et al. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
- Cyanobacterial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from carbon dioxide or a single organic substrate: improved polymer elongation with an extremely high 3-hydroxyvalerate mole proportion
- (2020) Somchai Tarawat et al. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) purification through dilute aqueous ammonia digestion at elevated temperatures
- (2020) Anna Burniol‐Figols et al. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- In situ identification of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-accumulating microorganisms in mixed microbial cultures under feast/famine conditions
- (2020) Donhatai Sruamsiri et al. Scientific Reports
- Conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using heterogenous catalyst derived from cork biochar
- (2020) Shashi Kant Bhatia et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Critical overview of biomass feedstocks as sustainable substrates for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)
- (2020) Ranjna Sirohi et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Enhancing the degradation of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoate production by mixed bacterial cultures using modified repeated batch fermentation
- (2020) Kanokphorn Sangkharak et al. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
- Increased P3HB Accumulation Capacity of Methylorubrum sp. in Response to Discontinuous Methanol Addition
- (2020) Letícia Oliveira Bispo Cardoso et al. APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Pyrolysis synergy of municipal solid waste (MSW): A review
- (2020) Duu-Jong Lee et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Valorization of food and kitchen waste: An integrated strategy adopted for the production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, bioethanol, pectinase and 2, 3-butanediol
- (2020) Raveendran Sindhu et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Fructose based hyper production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate from Halomonas sp. YLGW01 and impact of carbon sources on bacteria morphologies
- (2020) Ye-Lim Park et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates: Opportunities, challenges, and prospects
- (2020) Manish Kumar et al. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
- Recovery of the PHA Copolymer P(HB-co-HHx) With Non-halogenated Solvents: Influences on Molecular Weight and HHx-Content
- (2020) Moritz Bartels et al. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Syngas and Methanol‐Based Biorefinery Concepts
- (2020) Cláudio J. R. Frazão et al. CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
- Increasing PHB production with an industrially scalable hardwood hydrolysate as a carbon source
- (2020) Karolin Dietrich et al. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
- Evaluation of BP-M-CPF4 polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase on the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from plant oil using Cupriavidus necator transformants
- (2020) Hua Tiang Tan et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Bioconversion of biphenyl to a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer by Alcaligenes denitrificans A41
- (2020) Taito Yajima et al. AMB Express
- Waste to bioplastics: How close are we to sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoates production?
- (2020) Kasra Khatami et al. WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Renewable biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass using fermentation and integration of systems with other energy generation technologies
- (2020) Shashi Kant Bhatia et al. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate production using waste vegetable oil and filtered digestate liquor of chicken manure
- (2019) Müslüm Altun PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Oxygen mass transfer limitations set the performance boundaries of microbial PHA production processes - A model-based problem investigation supporting scale-up studies
- (2019) Apostolos Papapostolou et al. BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
- Anaerobic Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Its Precursor 3-Hydroxybutyrate from Synthesis Gas by Autotrophic Clostridia
- (2019) Sebastian Flüchter et al. BIOMACROMOLECULES
- Optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate production by experimental design of combined ternary mixture (glucose, xylose and arabinose) and process variables (sugar concentration, molar C:N ratio)
- (2019) Mengxing Li et al. BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
- A review on the conversion of volatile fatty acids to polyhydroxyalkanoates using dark fermentative effluents from hydrogen production
- (2019) Gopalakrishnan Kumar et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Leachates of micronized plastic toys provoke embryotoxic effects upon sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus
- (2019) Maria Oliviero et al. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
- High Cell Density Conversion of Hydrolysed Waste Cooking Oil Fatty Acids Into Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Using Pseudomonas putida KT2440
- (2019) Carolina Ruiz et al. Catalysts
- Bioplastic recovery from wastewater: A new protocol for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) extraction from mixed microbial cultures
- (2019) Giorgio Mannina et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Pilot-Scale Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production from Combined Treatment of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge
- (2019) Francesco Valentino et al. INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
- Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) production from engineered Ralstonia eutropha using synthetic and anaerobically digested food waste derived volatile fatty acids
- (2019) Shashi Kant Bhatia et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Engineering biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) for diversity and cost reduction
- (2019) Yang Zheng et al. METABOLIC ENGINEERING
- Treatment and utilization of dairy industrial waste: A review
- (2019) Talha Ahmad et al. TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
- Biohydrogen and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as products of a two-steps bioprocess from deproteinized dairy wastes
- (2019) Bianca Colombo et al. WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Fed-Batch Cultivations of Rhodospirillum rubrum Under Multiple Nutrient-Limited Growth Conditions on Syngas as a Novel Option to Produce Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)
- (2019) Stephanie Karmann et al. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Utilization of waste fish oil and glycerol as carbon sources for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by Salinivibrio sp. M318
- (2019) Doan Van Thuoc et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Recent advances in mechanical properties of biopolymer composites: a review
- (2019) Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni et al. POLYMER COMPOSITES
- Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production from fermented thermal-hydrolyzed sludge by mixed microbial cultures: The link between phosphorus and PHA yields
- (2019) Weiming Tu et al. WASTE MANAGEMENT
- A review on biopolymer production via lignin valorization
- (2019) J. Rajesh Banu et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production from fermented thermal-hydrolyzed sludge by PHA-storing denitrifiers integrating PHA accumulation with nitrate removal
- (2019) Weiming Tu et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates on waste frying oil employing selected Halomonas strains
- (2019) Iva Pernicova et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from wastewater: A review
- (2019) Giorgio Mannina et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstock to produce fermentable sugars for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production using activated sludge
- (2019) Fen Yin et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) terpolymer production from volatile fatty acids using engineered Ralstonia eutropha
- (2019) Hye-Rim Jung et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Bioconversion of waste (water)/residues to bioplastics- A circular bioeconomy approach
- (2019) Bhoomika Yadav et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Polyhydroxy butyrate production by Acinetobacter junii BP25, Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966, and their co-culture using a feast and famine strategy
- (2019) Parthiban Anburajan et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Whey valorization for sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Bacillus megaterium: Production, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility evaluation
- (2019) Neetu Israni et al. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
- Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from a non-lignocellulosic component of sugarcane bagasse: fueling a biobased economy
- (2018) Priyam Tyagi et al. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr
- Characterization of the promising poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) producing halophilic bacterium Halomonas halophila
- (2018) Dan Kucera et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Engineering of artificial microbial consortia of Ralstonia eutropha and Bacillus subtilis for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer production from sugarcane sugar without precursor feeding
- (2018) Shashi Kant Bhatia et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Evaluation of date seed oil and date molasses as novel carbon sources for the production of poly(3Hydroxybutyrate- co -3Hydroxyhexanoate) by Cupriavidus necator H16 Re 2058/pCB113
- (2018) Ravi Kiran Purama et al. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
- A Statistical approach to optimize the production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-NN01 using Response Surface Methodology
- (2018) Nupur Ojha et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Trends in the biomanufacture of polyhydroxyalkanoates with focus on downstream processing
- (2018) Maria R. Kosseva et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Development of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from waste feedstocks and applications
- (2018) Harshini Pakalapati et al. JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING
- Biorefinery production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate using waste office paper hydrolysate as feedstock for microbial fermentation
- (2018) Annamalai Neelamegam et al. JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Purification and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from a Bacillus megaterium strain using various dehydration techniques
- (2018) Murat Akdoğan et al. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- A biorefinery approach for dairy wastewater treatment and product recovery towards establishing a biorefinery complexity index
- (2018) Rashmi Chandra et al. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
- Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHA): Auspicious Microbial Macromolecules for Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications
- (2018) Martin Koller MOLECULES
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis based on glycerol and implementation of the process under conditions of pilot production
- (2018) Tatiana Volova et al. APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes
- (2018) Karolina Kucharska et al. MOLECULES
- Lipase mediated functionalization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with ascorbic acid into an antioxidant active biomaterial
- (2018) Shashi Kant Bhatia et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Bioprocess optimization of PHB homopolymer and copolymer P3 (HB-co-HV) by Acinetobacter junii BP25 utilizing rice mill effluent as sustainable substrate
- (2017) Poorna Chandrika Sabapathy et al. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
- Co-utilization of Crude Glycerol and Biowastes for Producing Polyhydroxyalkanoates
- (2017) Subhasree Ray et al. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
- Production and characterization of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer from Arctic psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. PAMC 28620
- (2017) Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Coupled effects of methane monooxygenase and nitrogen source on growth and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b
- (2017) Tingting Zhang et al. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
- Potential of Saccharophagus degradans for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using cellulose
- (2017) Shailesh S. Sawant et al. PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
- An overview of microdiesel — A sustainable future source of renewable energy
- (2017) Shashi Kant Bhatia et al. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
- Microbial production of volatile fatty acids: current status and future perspectives
- (2017) Shashi Kant Bhatia et al. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY
- The link of feast-phase dissolved oxygen (DO) with substrate competition and microbial selection in PHA production
- (2017) Xiaofei Wang et al. WATER RESEARCH
- Impact of phosphate limitation on PHA production in a feast-famine process
- (2017) Emmanouela Korkakaki et al. WATER RESEARCH
- Effects of C/N in the substrate on the simultaneous production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and extracellular polymeric substances by Haloferax mediterranei via kinetic model analysis
- (2017) You-Wei Cui et al. RSC Advances
- Microbial production of volatile fatty acids: current status and future perspectives
- (2017) Shashi Kant Bhatia et al. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY
- Evaluation of Sludge Palm Oil as Feedstock and Development of Efficient Method for its Utilization to Produce Polyhydroxyalkanoate
- (2017) Letchimanan Thinagaran et al. Waste and Biomass Valorization
- Production of a novel medium chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) using unprocessed biodiesel waste and its evaluation as a tissue engineering scaffold
- (2017) Pooja Basnett et al. Microbial Biotechnology
- Synthesis Gas (Syngas)-Derived Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthesis in Engineered Rhodospirillum rubrum
- (2016) Daniel Heinrich et al. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
- Building a predictive model for PHB production from glycerol
- (2016) Cristina Pérez Rivero et al. BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
- Potential for polyhydroxyalkanoate production on German or European municipal waste water treatment plants
- (2016) T. Pittmann et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Production and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) generated by Alcaligenes latus using lactose and whey after acid protein precipitation process
- (2016) Karina Hammel Berwig et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Pretreatment of lignocellulose: Formation of inhibitory by-products and strategies for minimizing their effects
- (2016) Leif J. Jönsson et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) fromPseudomonas mendocinaPSU using a biodiesel liquid waste (BLW) as the sole carbon source
- (2016) Wankuson Chanasit et al. BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
- Effective recovery of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolymer fromCupriavidus necatorusing a novel and environmentally friendly solvent system
- (2016) Tao Fei et al. BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS
- An overview of advances in biomass gasification
- (2016) Vineet Singh Sikarwar et al. Energy & Environmental Science
- Characterization of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate produced from olive oil deodorizer distillate
- (2016) Madalena V. Cruz et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Production and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate fromVibrio harveyiMCCB 284 utilizing glycerol as carbon source
- (2016) S.P. Mohandas et al. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
- Conversion of rice husks to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) via a three-step process: optimized alkaline pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and biosynthesis byBurkholderia cepaciaUSM (JCM 15050)
- (2016) King-Sern Heng et al. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Municipal solid waste management in China: a comparative analysis
- (2016) Md Manik Mian et al. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
- In situ immobilization of lysine decarboxylase on a biopolymer by fusion with phasin
- (2016) Hyung-Min Seo et al. PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis by mixed microbial consortia cultured on fermented dairy manure: Effect of aeration on process rates/yields and the associated microbial ecology
- (2016) Erik R. Coats et al. WATER RESEARCH
- Syngas obtained by microwave pyrolysis of household wastes as feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate production in Rhodospirillum rubrum
- (2016) Olga Revelles et al. Microbial Biotechnology
- Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process
- (2016) You-Wei Cui et al. Scientific Reports
- Integrative approach to produce hydrogen and polyhydroxybutyrate from biowaste using defined bacterial cultures
- (2015) Sanjay K.S. Patel et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Integrated production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with municipal wastewater and sludge treatment at pilot scale
- (2015) F. Morgan-Sagastume et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Carbon roadmap from syngas to polyhydroxyalkanoates in R hodospirillum rubrum
- (2015) O. Revelles et al. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
- Dimethyl carbonate and switchable anionic surfactants: two effective tools for the extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from microbial biomass
- (2015) Chiara Samorì et al. GREEN CHEMISTRY
- Characterization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from Ralstonia eutropha using an alkali-pretreated biomass feedstock
- (2015) Ganesh D. Saratale et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
- Overexpression of succinyl-CoA synthase for poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co -3-hydroxyvalerate) production in engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
- (2015) S.K. Bhatia et al. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
- Online monitoring of P(3HB) produced from used cooking oil with near-infrared spectroscopy
- (2015) Madalena V. Cruz et al. JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
- An Environmentally Friendly and Efficient Method for Extraction of PHB Biopolymer with Non-Halogenated Solvents
- (2015) Asieh Aramvash et al. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(HB-co-HHx)) from butyrate using engineered Ralstonia eutropha
- (2014) Jong-Min Jeon et al. APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- High cell density cultivation ofPseudomonas putidaKT2440 using glucose without the need for oxygen enriched air supply
- (2014) Reeta Davis et al. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
- Engineering Escherichia coli for enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in larger cellular space
- (2014) Ying Wang et al. METABOLIC ENGINEERING
- Crude glycerol as feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoates production by mixed microbial cultures
- (2014) R. Moita et al. WATER RESEARCH
- Strategies for recovery and purification of poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates] (PHA) biopolyesters from surrounding biomass
- (2013) Martin Koller et al. ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Influence of oxygen transfer rate on the accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Bacillus megaterium
- (2013) Débora Jung Luvizetto Faccin et al. PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
- Secretion of polyhydroxybutyrate in Escherichia coli using a synthetic biological engineering approach
- (2013) Asif Rahman et al. Journal of Biological Engineering
- Engineering of class I lactate-polymerizing polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases from Ralstonia eutropha that synthesize lactate-based polyester with a block nature
- (2012) Anna Ochi et al. APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Evaluation of by-products from the biodiesel industry as fermentation feedstock for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production by Cupriavidus necator
- (2012) I.L. García et al. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
- Use of enzymes in extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates produced byCupriavidus necator
- (2012) Andréia Neves et al. BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS
- Simultaneous polyhydroxyalkanoates and rhamnolipids production by Thermus thermophilus HB8
- (2011) Anastasia A Pantazaki et al. AMB Express
- Effects of Aeration on the Synthesis of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) from Glycerol and Glucose in Recombinant Escherichia coli
- (2010) A. de Almeida et al. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
- Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxydecanoate) and 3-hydroxydodecanoate dominating polyhydroxyalkanoates by β-oxidation pathway inhibited Pseudomonas putida
- (2010) Qian Liu et al. METABOLIC ENGINEERING
- Optimization of C:N ratio and minimal initial carbon source for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production byBacillus megaterium
- (2009) D��bora Jung Luvizetto Faccin et al. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Find the ideal target journal for your manuscript
Explore over 38,000 international journals covering a vast array of academic fields.
SearchAsk a Question. Answer a Question.
Quickly pose questions to the entire community. Debate answers and get clarity on the most important issues facing researchers.
Get Started