期刊
ELECTRONICS
卷 10, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/electronics10040477
关键词
DC-DC converter; electric vehicle; intelligent controller; modulation techniques; metaheuristic optimization; battery storage systems
资金
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [DIP-2018-020]
Electric vehicles are gaining attention worldwide for their performance improvements and zero emissions. Effective power transfer from energy storage systems to electric motors requires proper interfacing, modulation techniques, and optimization algorithms. Challenges in electric vehicle converters and controllers include high current stress and computational complexity, emphasizing the importance of efficient control strategies for sustainable applications.
Electric vehicles are receiving widespread attention around the world due to their improved performance and zero carbon emissions. The effectiveness of electric vehicles depends on proper interfacing between energy storage systems and power electronics converters. However, the power delivered by energy storage systems illustrates unstable, unregulated and substantial voltage drops. To overcome these limitations, electric vehicle converters, controllers and modulation schemes are necessary to achieve a secured and reliable power transfer from energy storage systems to the electric motor. Nonetheless, electric vehicle converters and controllers have shortcomings including a large number of components, high current stress, high switching loss, slow dynamic response and computational complexity. Therefore, this review presents a detailed investigation of different electric vehicle converters highlighting topology, features, components, operation, strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, this review explores the various types of electric vehicle converter controllers and modulation techniques concerning functional capabilities, operation, benefits and drawbacks. Besides, the significance of optimization algorithms in electric vehicle converters is illustrated along with their objective functions, executions and various factors. Furthermore, this review explores the key issues and challenges of electric vehicle converters, controllers and optimizations to identify future research gaps. Finally, important and specific suggestions are delivered toward the development of an efficient converter for future sustainable electric vehicle applications.
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