Review
Microbiology
Jazmin Meza-Torres, Emile Auria, Bruno Dupuy, Yannick D. N. Tremblay
Summary: The microbiota in the intestinal tract can form biofilms, which play important roles in the host's health and disease. The three-dimensional structures considered to be biofilms can strengthen the gut epithelium's defense and prevent the establishment of pathogens.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicolas Benech, Tatiana Galperine, Harry Sokol
Summary: This article compares the efficacy of SER-109 and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. The recurrence rate was lower than expected in the placebo group, while FMT showed benefits in preventing recurrent C. difficile infection among patients with a history of multiple cases.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Leslie L. Chang, Jessica Allegretti, Andrew M. Skinner, Erik R. Dubberke
Summary: This article presents a case study of a patient who was recently treated for C. difficile infection and now requires intravenous antibiotics. It includes two essays, one advocating for the use of oral vancomycin for prophylaxis against C. difficile, and the other arguing against it.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth S. Aby, Byron P. Vaughn, Eva A. Enns, Radha Rajasingham
Summary: This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for first recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The findings indicate that FMT is a cost-effective treatment strategy for first recurrent CDI.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
S. Khanna
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common healthcare-associated infection, with management difficulties and high rates of recurrence. Microbiota restoration therapies, such as faecal microbiota transplantation, are the cornerstone for preventing recurrent CDI, with success rates over 90%. Developments in standardized microbiota restoration therapies, such as capsule-based and enema-based therapies, are emerging to improve management of CDI.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander B. Smith, Matthew L. Jenior, Orlaith Keenan, Jessica L. Hart, Jonathan Specker, Arwa Abbas, Paula C. Rangel, Chao Di, Jamal Green, Katelyn A. Bustin, Jennifer A. Gaddy, Maribeth R. Nicholson, Clare Laut, Brendan J. Kelly, Megan L. Matthews, Daniel R. Evans, Daria Van Tyne, Emma E. Furth, Jason A. Papin, Frederic D. Bushman, Jessi Erlichman, Robert N. Baldassano, Michael A. Silverman, Gary M. Dunny, Boone M. Prentice, Eric P. Skaar, Joseph P. Zackular
Summary: Enterococci can shape the metabolic environment in the gut and enhance the fitness and pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile through nutrient restriction and cross-feeding. This microbial interaction plays a role in the susceptibility to and the severity of C. difficile infection.
Article
Microbiology
Lucy R. Frost, Jeffrey K. J. Cheng, Meera Unnikrishnan
Summary: Biofilms are structured bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix, which confer pathogens resistance to drugs and immune responses during human infections. Clostridioides difficile biofilms are considered important for the persistence of the bacterium in the gut and for recurrent infections, especially in the elderly who are associated with high rates of recurrence, due to disruption of the native gut microbiota caused by long-term antibiotic therapy.
Review
Microbiology
Saiwei Zhong, Jingpeng Yang, He Huang
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is characterized by the formation of single and mixed biofilms in the gut, which contribute to the recurrence of the disease. The interactions between C. difficile and other gut microbes, known as symbiotic biofilms, play a role in the development of CDI. Targeting interventions for C. difficile-promoting gut microbes may indirectly inhibit the formation of C. difficile biofilms and improve therapeutic outcomes. This review highlights the mechanisms of C. difficile biofilm formation and summarizes treatment strategies to provide new insights for CDI prevention and treatment.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul Feuerstadt, Thomas J. Louie, Bret Lashner, Elaine E. L. Wang, Liyang Diao, Jessica A. Bryant, Matthew Sims, Colleen S. Kraft, Stuart H. Cohen, Charles S. Berenson, Louis Y. Korman, Christopher B. Ford, Kevin D. Litcofsky, Mary-Jane Lombardo, Jennifer R. Wortman, Henry Wu, John G. Aunins, Christopher W. J. McChalicher, Jonathan A. Winkler, Barbara H. McGovern, Michele Trucksis, Matthew R. Henn, Lisa von Moltke
Summary: SER-109 microbiome therapy is superior to placebo in reducing the risk of recurrent C. difficile infection, and has a similar safety profile as placebo.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Byron P. Vaughn, Monika Fischer, Colleen R. Kelly, Jessica R. Allegretti, Carolyn Graiziger, Juana Thomas, Emma McClure, Amanda J. Kabage, Alexander Khoruts
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of capsule FMT (cap-FMT) and colonoscopy FMT (colo-FMT) for multiply recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDIs). The results showed that cap-FMT has a similar safety and effectiveness profile compared with colo-FMT, without the procedural risks of colonoscopy.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Daira Rubio-Mendoza, Adrian Martinez-Melendez, Hector Jesus Maldonado-Garza, Carlos Cordova-Fletes, Elvira Garza-Gonzalez
Summary: The recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with the formation of biofilm, which plays a favorable role in recurrence. Most antibiotics recommended for CDI treatment cannot eliminate biofilm and spores, making it challenging to eradicate the infection and increasing the risk of recurrence.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olle Bjorkqvist, Ignacio Rangel, Lena Serrander, Cecilia Magnusson, Jonas Halfvarson, Torbjorn Noren, Malin Bergman-Jungestrom
Summary: The study found that FMT can increase the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with recurrent CDI, and this microbial shift persists for several months later. Further research is needed to determine whether Faecalibacterium prausnitzii actively contributes to the resolution of CDI.
Article
Microbiology
Jennifer J. Dawkins, Jessica R. Allegretti, Travis E. Gibson, Emma McClure, Mary Delaney, Lynn Bry, Georg K. Gerber
Summary: This study conducted a longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome changes in patients with primary Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The results showed that metabolomic data can accurately predict the recurrence of CDI, providing important insights for the development of diagnostic tests and treatments.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jianwei Chen, Yasheng Li, Siqi Wang, Hongfang Zhang, Yujie Du, Qiang Wu, Hong Wang
Summary: This paper presents a refined focus on 16 FDA-approved drugs that could be further developed as potential anti-C. difficile drugs. Only ursodeoxycholic acid has entered Phase IV clinical trials so far. Drug repurposing promotes the study of mechanistic and therapeutic strategies, providing new options for the development of next-generation anti-C. difficile agents.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pieter de Jager, Oliver Smith, Stefan Bolon, Juno Thomas, Guy A. Richards
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the burden of Clostridioides difficile infection in the South African public sector. The incidence of CD in South Africa was found to be comparable to European countries but lower than that in the United States, with a relatively lower CD recurrence rate compared to high-income countries.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ines B. Moura, Duncan Ewin, Mark H. Wilcox
Summary: This study used a bacteriophage as a representation of microbial contamination and investigated the transmission of viruses to the hospital environment after hand drying. The use of paper towels resulted in lower rates of virus contamination on hands and clothing compared to using a jet air dryer, leading to lower contamination on multiple hospital surfaces.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ines B. Moura, Anthony M. Buckley, Mark H. Wilcox
Summary: This article discusses the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces. It suggests that fecal shedding of the virus can occur independently of gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, COVID-19 can impact the balance of gut microbiota, leading to inflammation and potentially facilitating disease transmission.
CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anthony M. Buckley, Ines B. Moura, Mark H. Wilcox
Summary: Recent studies have shown that using microbiome therapy to restore bile homeostasis and reduce the bioavailability of preferential nutrients can effectively target the germination ability of C. difficile spores and the growth rate of vegetative cells in treating C. difficile infection. Several biotechnology companies are developing microbiome therapies for CDI treatment, with clinical trials in progress.
CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anthony M. Buckley, Ines B. Moura, James Altringham, Duncan Ewin, Emma Clark, Karen Bentley, Vikki Wilkinson, William Spittal, Georgina Davis, Mark H. Wilcox
Summary: The study found that first-generation cephalosporins have minimal impact on the intestinal microbiota and low propensity to induce CDI.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ines B. Moura, Ayman Grada, William Spittal, Emma Clark, Duncan Ewin, James Altringham, Emilio Fumero, Mark H. Wilcox, Anthony M. Buckley
Summary: This study investigated the impact of prolonged exposure to sarecycline compared to broad-spectrum tetracyclines on the colonic microbiota. The results showed that sarecycline had minimal and transient effects on the gut microbiota composition and diversity, when compared to minocycline and doxycycline.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Duncan Ewin, William Davis Birch, Ines B. Moura
Summary: Historically, in vivo animal models have been used to study CDI, but their limitations in mimicking human physiology and disease prognosis have led to the increasing use of in vitro models. In vitro models offer excellent process control and the ability to use human cells, making them a valuable alternative.
CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
William A. Davis A. Birch, Ines B. Moura, Duncan J. Ewin, Mark H. Wilcox, Anthony M. Buckley, Peter R. Culmer, Nikil Kapur
Summary: This paper presents a scalable Mini Gut (MiGut) platform that closely mimics the physiology of the colon, while maintaining in vivo reflectiveness. MiGut has shown excellent repeatability and consistency in a demanding 9-week study, and it has the capability to run multiple models simultaneously for more detailed exploration of microbiome-xenobiotic interactions.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)