Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shun Wang, Mengqian Hao, Zishu Pan, Jinzhi Lei, Xiufen Zou
Summary: The study developed a multi-scale computational model to quantitatively understand the heterogeneous progression of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, revealing the roles of host antiviral state, IFN production rate, and T cell exhaustion in regulating the disease progression. Different therapeutic strategies were evaluated, with single antiviral therapy found sufficient for moderate patients and combination therapies needed for severe patients. The study provides insights into the potential guidance for personalized therapy in COVID-19 patients.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jae Seok Kim, Jun Young Lee, Jae Won Yang, Keum Hwa Lee, Maria Effenberger, Wladimir Szpirt, Andreas Kronbichler, Jae Il Shin
Summary: Severe COVID-19 is characterized by systemic hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm, often leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm is crucial, with anti-inflammatory therapies playing a significant role. Various approaches are being used, including new cytokine-targeted therapies, to address the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bin Yang, Junpeng Fan, Jia Huang, Ensong Guo, Yu Fu, Si Liu, Rourou Xiao, Chen Liu, Funian Lu, Tianyu Qin, Chao He, Zizhuo Wang, Xu Qin, Dianxing Hu, Lixin You, Xi Li, Tian Wang, Peng Wu, Gang Chen, Jianfeng Zhou, Kezhen Li, Chaoyang Sun
Summary: Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients is associated with immune suppression and reduced expression of ribosomal protein genes, as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing and other data analysis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Charles Ochieng' Olwal, Nora Nghuchuzie Nganyewo, Kesego Tapela, Alexandra Lindsey Djomkam Zune, Oloche Owoicho, Yaw Bediako, Samuel Duodu
Summary: Sepsis and COVID-19 share many pathophysiological and clinical features, both leading to consumptive thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, respiratory failure, among other complications. Therefore, lessons learned from sepsis care could potentially inform on COVID-19 management.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Aldo Bonaventura, Alessandra Vecchie, Lorenzo Dagna, Kimberly Martinod, Dave L. Dixon, Benjamin W. Van Tassell, Francesco Dentali, Fabrizio Montecucco, Steffen Massberg, Marcel Levi, Antonio Abbate
Summary: The authors suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a prothrombotic state and dysregulated immunothrombosis, leading to severe manifestations of COVID-19. They also discuss potential antithrombotic and immunomodulating drugs for treating COVID-19 patients, aiming to reduce the acute and long-term consequences of the disease by targeting immunothrombosis.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi, Aneta Pop, Florin Iordache, Loredana Stanca, Ovidiu Ionut Geicu, Liviu Bilteanu, Andreea Iren Serban
Summary: Oxidative stress is caused by an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species and a diminished capacity of the organism's endogenous systems to counteract them. In viral infections, activation of pro-oxidative pathways and increased inflammatory cytokines are common. Vitamin intake has been shown to lower oxidative stress markers, alleviate cytokine storm, and potentially reduce disease severity. Antioxidants also play a role in directly combating the virus. Careful consideration of timing, dosage, and interactions of micronutrients is important.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Abhishesh Kumar Mehata, Matte Kasi Viswanadh, Vishnu Priya, Vikas, Madaswamy S. Muthu
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a highly infectious disease. Immunotherapy shows potential for a permanent treatment. Innate immune cells continuously clear virus invasion, while vaccines stimulate antibody production, enhancing T-cell and immune responses.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chao Li, Qifang He, Hebu Qian, Jun Liu
Summary: The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, but it appears that the immune-inflammatory response plays a crucial role, leading to organ dysfunction, hypercytokinemia, and lymphopenia in severe cases. It is important to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlying this disease.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Wen Zhou, Yao Xie, Lian-Sha Tang, Dan Pu, Ya-Juan Zhu, Ji-Yan Liu, Xue-Lei Ma
Summary: Due to limitations in current drug discovery efforts against SARS-CoV-2 and a lack of understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying COVID-19, alternative therapeutic targets are urgently needed. This study classified current COVID-19 therapeutic strategies into targeting the virus and targeting the host, focusing on repurposing drugs, emerging approaches, and promising potential targets.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Nicholas Stoy
Summary: The IRAK4-IRF5 axis plays a significant role in the induction of cytokines and chemokines in the hyperinflammatory state associated with severe morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Inhibiting this axis could be a potential therapy for the cytokine storm of COVID-19, highlighting IRAK4 or IRF5 inhibitors as potential treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Claude Kwe Yinda, Julia R. Port, Trenton Bushmaker, Irene Offei Owusu, Jyothi N. Purushotham, Victoria A. Avanzato, Robert J. Fischer, Jonathan E. Schulz, Myndi G. Holbrook, Madison J. Hebner, Rebecca Rosenke, Tina Thomas, Andrea Marzi, Sonja M. Best, Emmie de Wit, Carl Shaia, Neeltje van Doremalen, Vincent J. Munster
Summary: The study demonstrates that humanized transgenic mice developed dose-dependent disease when inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, showing upper and lower respiratory tract infection with viral replication also in the brain. The pathological and immunological manifestations observed in these mice resemble human COVID-19, suggesting the model's usefulness in elucidating COVID-19 pathogenesis and testing countermeasures.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lili Yu, Xiaoying Zhang, Sarah Ye, Hongkai Lian, Hui Wang, Jianping Ye
Summary: Obesity is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, which is related to the cytokine storm. Energy metabolism disorders in adipose tissue contribute to the development of cytokine storm. Adipose tissue in obesity restricts pulmonary function, provides a base for virus entry, impairs antiviral responses, and contributes to chronic inflammation, all of which contribute to the cytokine storm.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Mohsin Ali Khan, Zaw Ali Khan, Mark Charles, Pushpendra Pratap, Abdul Naeem, Zainab Siddiqui, Nigar Naqvi, Shikha Srivastava
Summary: Mucus is crucial in protecting the respiratory tract, but excessive inflammation can lead to over-production which obstructs the airway. This article explores the role of cytokine storm in inducing sudden mucus hypersecretion in COVID-19 and suggests potential targets for drug research to combat such complications.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sebastiano Gangemi, Alessandro Tonacci
Summary: In the face of cytokine storm in COVID-19, current experimental therapies, while somewhat relieving, are unable to completely prevent the storm. AntagomiRs may serve as an effective and safe alternative treatment customizable to the disease specificity and applicable to other coronaviruses.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiao-Hong Yao, Tao Luo, Yu Shi, Zhi-Cheng He, Rui Tang, Pei-Pei Zhang, Jun Cai, Xiang-Dong Zhou, Dong-Po Jiang, Xiao-Chun Fei, Xue-Quan Huang, Lei Zhao, Heng Zhang, Hai-Bo Wu, Yong Ren, Zhen-Hua Liu, Hua-Rong Zhang, Cong Chen, Wen-Juan Fu, Heng Li, Xin-Yi Xia, Rong Chen, Yan Wang, Xin-Dong Liu, Chang-Lin Yin, Ze-Xuan Yan, Juan Wang, Rui Jing, Tai-Sheng Li, Wei-Qin Li, Chao-Fu Wang, Yan-Qing Ding, Qing Mao, Ding-Yu Zhang, Shu-Yang Zhang, Yi-Fang Ping, Xiu-Wu Bian
Summary: The study profiles 26 COVID-19 autopsy cases from Wuhan and determines the systemic distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in critically ill patients. It reveals that SARS-CoV-2 may invade multiple organs and utilize physiological barriers as entry ports for systemic dissemination, shedding light on novel COVID-19 treatment development.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Takako Miyamae, Tomohiro Kawabe
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by increased risks of thrombosis, pregnancy complications, and positive test results for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). The diagnosis of juvenile APS is challenging as the criteria do not include various non-thrombotic clinical manifestations associated with aPLs. Studies have shown that over 40% of children with aPLs only exhibit non-thrombotic aPL-related clinical manifestations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Hiroyuki Wakiguchi, Utako Kaneko, Satoshi Sato, Tomoyuki Imagawa, Hidehiko Narazaki, Takako Miyamae
Summary: This study aimed to report the clinical features of concurrent COVID-19 and pediatric rheumatic disease (PRD) in Japan. The survey showed that 82% of hospitals had children with PRD and COVID-19, and the majority of them were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms. Therefore, COVID-19 is not a threat to children with PRD in Japan.