Article
Energy & Fuels
Mao-Sung Wu
Summary: The forced air cooling of U-type BTMS can be improved by adjusting the distribution of battery spacing and inlet/outlet manifolds. Computational fluid dynamics is used to calculate the temperature and velocity distributions. Multi-objective optimization is performed to minimize temperature difference and fan power consumption. The optimized BTMS module reduces the temperature and temperature difference while maintaining low power consumption.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuanlong Wang, Yi Yu, Zhiqiang Jing, Chunyan Wang, Guan Zhou, Wanzhong Zhao
Summary: A lithium-ion battery thermal management system using forced air cooling with open-cell aluminum foam was proposed. The thermal interaction between battery cells becomes more obvious after using aluminum foam, which can significantly reduce battery temperature rise. However, aluminum foam may cause flow resistance and pressure loss, leading to uneven temperature distribution on the battery surface.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haijun Ruan, Bingxiang Sun, Jiuchun Jiang, Xiaojia Su, Xitian He, Shichang Ma, Wenzhong Gao
Summary: In this study, a multi-objective optimization framework for heated-charging of lithium-ion batteries was proposed. The battery is rapidly warmed up to enhance its performance and then charged quickly. By setting the maximum acceptable charging current at different states, a echelon-current charging approach is developed to facilitate fast charging while preventing lithium deposition. The optimization algorithm determined an optimal switching temperature to achieve fast charging with high capacity and low energy consumption. Experimental and simulation results validated that the proposed method can charge the battery to 95% state-of-charge in 27 min at -30 degrees C, boosting the charging speed by 26 times compared to traditional methods.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Charlotte Roe, Xuning Feng, Gavin White, Ruihe Li, Huaibin Wang, Xinyu Rui, Cheng Li, Feng Zhang, Volker Null, Michael Parkes, Yatish Patel, Yan Wang, Hewu Wang, Minggao Ouyang, Gregory Offer, Billy Wu
Summary: Battery thermal management systems are critical for high-performance electric vehicles. Immersion cooling can significantly increase heat transfer rate, but system complexity and fluid stability should be considered.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xizhe Wang, Benben Jiang
Summary: This article proposes a data-driven multi-objective charging approach to achieve fast charging by exploring the parameter space and handling voltage constraints. The results show that this method has good performance and efficiency, and discuss the impact of increasing degrees of freedom in charging protocols on charging performance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Saber Abdollahzadeh Bonab, Sajjad Ahangar Zonouzi, Habib Aminfar
Summary: This research uses a combined cooling method for the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries, combining flow boiling cooling via half-helical tubes wrapped around batteries with air-cooling method via air flow passing through the batteries. Numerical modeling was conducted using control volume technique, and the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model was used to model the flow boiling region. The results showed that the combined cooling method significantly improved thermal management of the battery pack, with flow boiling inside the helical tubes contributing to efficient heat removal and maintaining nearly constant battery temperature.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jingyu Wang, Zirui Wang, Peng Guo, Xingjun Hu, Jia Zhu, Tianming Yu
Summary: This paper establishes an optimization model based on PSO-SVM and improved NSGA-II algorithm to balance the heat dissipation performance and lightweight of a battery. The results show that the model has high accuracy and feasibility.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shixue Wang, Shan Ji, Yu Zhu
Summary: This study evaluated various battery thermal management methods for laminated lithium-ion batteries through experiments and numerical simulations, finding that forced convection with fins or natural convection with fins and PCM is necessary to meet cooling requirements at high discharge rates. By replacing copper fins with aluminum fins, the fin thickness should be increased to meet cooling requirements, while reducing the total weight of the battery pack by 41%, indicating the potential of aluminum in battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zengjia Guo, Yang Wang, Siyuan Zhao, Tianshou Zhao, Meng Ni
Summary: A multi-physics model is developed for micro heat pipe battery thermal management system (MHP-BTMS) considering battery aging effect. A novel multi-variables global optimization framework is established for optimizing the structural parameters of MHP-BTMS to improve battery thermal management and electrochemical performance simultaneously. The research finds that MHP-BTMS fails to control the temperature of aged battery pack due to the higher heat generation caused by solid electrolyte interphase formation. Additionally, the study shows that battery electrochemical performance is highly related to battery thermal behaviors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shen Li, Niall Kirkaldy, Cheng Zhang, Krishnakumar Gopalakrishnan, Tazdin Amietszajew, Laura Bravo Diaz, Jorge Varela Barreras, Mosayeb Shams, Xiao Hua, Yatish Patel, Gregory J. Offer, Monica Marinescu
Summary: The study developed a comprehensive electro-thermal model for cylindrical lithium-ion cells, showing that increasing the number of tabs connecting the jellyroll to the base can reduce internal thermal gradient by up to 25.41%. Side cooling was found to be more effective than base cooling at removing heat, with both methods resulting in similar thermal gradients within the cell. The modeling framework created is an essential tool for energy storage system design.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haijun Ruan, Bingxiang Sun, Tao Zhu, Xitian He, Xiaojia Su, Andrew Cruden, Wenzhong Gao
Summary: Rapid and effective battery preheating is crucial for electric vehicles to operate efficiently in cold environments. A low-temperature compound self-heating (CSH) strategy integrating inner-battery direct-current heating and outer-battery electric heating has been proposed to enhance heating efficiency. Through systematic discussions and comparisons of different CSH methods, an optimal low-temperature CSH method was proposed, showing significant improvements in heating rate, energy consumption, and battery degradation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yun Gao, Wujun Ji, Xiaoqiang Chen
Summary: This paper proposes an air-cooling scheme to enhance the safety of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries, and verifies its feasibility and cooling effect through numerical simulation and experimentation. The results show that air cooling can effectively reduce the temperature of lithium-ion batteries, with the rectangular battery pack achieving the best results.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Li, Ningbo Wang, Akhil Garg, Liang Gao
Summary: This paper investigates an air cooling BTMS with 32 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, focusing on the economic cost caused by parasitic power consumption. By establishing a battery degradation model and using computational fluid dynamics simulation, the study proposes a method to evaluate economy and finds the optimal solution through optimization. The results show a reduction of 0.36K in maximum temperature and 7.6% in cyclical cost.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qiaomin Ke, Xin Li, Jian Guo, Wenjiong Cao, Yiwei Wang, Fangming Jiang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway of a lithium-ion battery pack in laboratory conditions and the impact of a liquid-cooling thermal management system (TMS) on its propagation. The results indicate that TMS with different coolant flow rates can prevent TR propagation effectively. The ejection of high-temperature electrolyte and heat conduction are found to be the main mechanisms in TR propagation.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohammad Mokhtari Mehmandoosti, Farshad Kowsary
Summary: The effect of using pulsating flow on the cooling system of lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles was investigated. It was found that pulsating flow can decrease the maximum temperature and temperature difference. The influence of the Strouhal number, oscillation amplitude, and Reynolds number on the cooling performance was studied.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jinwen Zhang, Congbo Li, Yongsheng Li, Ningbo Wang, Wei Li
Summary: In this paper, a novel minimum-control-trajectory-deviation (MCTD) time grid reconstruction strategy is proposed for the co-design approach. Three co-design approaches, namely simultaneous, nested, and direct transcription quadratic programming (DTQP), are compared using the MCTD time grid reconstruction strategy. The results of the experiments demonstrate the superiority of the MCTD time grid reconstruction strategy in terms of running cost and solution accuracy.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Li, Ningbo Wang, Akhil Garg, Liang Gao
Summary: This paper investigates an air cooling BTMS with 32 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, focusing on the economic cost caused by parasitic power consumption. By establishing a battery degradation model and using computational fluid dynamics simulation, the study proposes a method to evaluate economy and finds the optimal solution through optimization. The results show a reduction of 0.36K in maximum temperature and 7.6% in cyclical cost.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Maokun Xiong, Ningbo Wang, Wei Li, Akhil Garg, Liang Gao
Summary: This work investigates the impact of pin-fins on the heat dissipation capability of BTMS. The findings demonstrate that square-section pin-fins offer better heat dissipation than other shapes. Increasing the number of pin-fins decreases the maximum battery temperature but increases the pressure drop. Uniform distribution of pin-fins has a superior heat dissipation effect compared to other distribution schemes.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jie Gao, Xiaomeng Wu, Mi Xiao, Vinh Phu Nguyen, Liang Gao, Timon Rabczuk
Summary: This study proposes a Multi-Patch Isogeometric Topology Optimization (MP-ITO) method for the design of periodic or graded cellular structures. The method applies Nitsche's method to couple non-conforming meshes and conducts multi-patch isogeometric analysis. A multi-patch topology description model is developed to improve smoothness and continuity of boundaries at interfaces within adjacent subdomains. The effectiveness and capabilities of the MP-ITO method are demonstrated through numerical examples.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Mi Xiao, Wei Sha, Yan Zhang, Xiliang Liu, Peigen Li, Liang Gao
Summary: This paper introduces a configurable-design-element multiscale topology optimization (CMTO) framework, which includes complex shape, rational distribution, efficient prediction, well connection, robust printing and other design elements. The significant elements in CMTO are elaborated, which include geometric description of macrostructures and microstructures, property distribution of microstructures within a macrostructure and material distribution within a microstructure, property prediction of microstructures, connectivity between adjacent microstructures, and manufacturability of multiscale structures by 3D-printing. The design of 2D and 3D thermal carpet cloak is provided to demonstrate the implementation of CMTO. Simulated and experimental results show its powerful capability in designing multiscale structures. CMTO is flexible and easy-to-implement, which will greatly enrich the methods in the field of structural optimization and hopefully open a door to the design of novel structures with extraordinary properties, such as all kinds of metamaterials.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qixuan Zhong, Parthiv K. Chandra, Wei Li, Liang Gao, Akhil Garg, Song Lv, K. Tai
Summary: This article focuses on the problem of fluctuating cooling system flow caused by different working states during the operation of electric vehicles. The authors propose a two-dimensional topology optimization method for obtaining cooling plates with different topological structures. The results indicate that the optimized cooling plate structure under low flow conditions has better heat dissipation performance.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yan Zhang, Mi Xiao, Zhe Ding, Manman Xu, Guozhang Jiang, Liang Gao
Summary: Compared with conventional symmetric sandwich structures, geometrically asymmetric sandwich structures (GASSs) have better dynamic performance due to expanded design space. This paper proposes a dynamic response-oriented multiscale topology optimization method for GASSs, optimizing the thicknesses of face-sheets, distribution of cores, and their topological configurations to minimize dynamic compliance.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiliang Liu, Liang Gao, Mi Xiao
Summary: This paper proposes a multiscale concurrent topology optimization method for design of hierarchal multi-morphology lattice structures. The method utilizes Kriging metamodel and sigmoid function based hybrid transition strategy to achieve smooth transition between multi-morphology lattice unit cells. It also employs KUMMI model to couple the design variables and optimize the relative densities of lattice unit cells. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method, showing rational distribution of hierarchal multi-morphology lattice unit cells and superior structural performance.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Liezhi Lu, Ana Jorge Sobrido, Liang Gao, Akhil Garg, Wei Li
Summary: This paper proposes a physics-based simulation and multi-objective optimization approach for reducing both capacity decay and voltage loss of the Vanadium redox flow battery. The study shows that reducing the electrolyte flow rate and electrode fiber diameter can decrease capacity decay but increase voltage loss. A novel optimization framework is introduced to simultaneously reduce both capacity decay and voltage loss.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Huanwei Xu, Lingfeng Wu, Shizhe Xiong, Wei Li, Akhil Garg, Liang Gao
Summary: The article proposes a feature selection method to enhance the accuracy of SOH prediction by removing insignificant features from the input data during data preparation. Additionally, a skip connection is added to the CNN-LSTM model to address the degradation of neural networks caused by multi-layer LSTM. Experimental results demonstrate that the feature selection approach improves SOH prediction accuracy and reduces computational load. Compared to other neural network models, the CNN-LSTM-Skip model exhibits better robustness and higher accuracy across different conditions, achieving RMSE below 0.004 on the NASA and Oxford datasets.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mian Zhou, Liang Gao, Mi Xiao, Xiliang Liu, Mingzhe Huang
Summary: This paper proposes a multiscale topology optimization method using Nitsche-type isogeometric analysis (IGA) for structures described by multiple non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) patches. The method calculates unknown structural responses at macroscale using Nitsche-type IGA, while predicting mechanical properties of microstructures at microscale using a Kriging metamodel. The proposed method is effective for design of structures described by multiple NURBS patches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinhao Zhang, Mi Xiao, Liang Gao, Andrea Alu, Fengwen Wang
Summary: The authors have designed and realized self-bridging metamaterials with Poisson's ratios exceeding the theoretical limits. This finding is of great significance for expanding the range of achievable Poisson's ratios in mechanical systems, with implications for medical stents and soft robots.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bibaswan Bose, Su Shaosen, Wei Li, Liang Gao, Kexiang Wei, Akhil Garg
Summary: This paper proposes a Cloud-BMS based health-aware battery fast charging (HABFC) architecture with an error correction strategy to reduce charging time and increase battery cycle life. By reviewing various techniques and computational methods, the best method for each state estimation technique is determined. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture significantly increases battery cycle life compared to regular fast charging and HABFC without cloud BMS.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bibaswan Bose, Saladi Sairam Teja, Akhil Garg, Liang Gao, Wei Li, Surinder Singh, B. Chitti Babu
Summary: In this article, an optimized health-aware battery-fast-charging approach using multistep constant-current constant-voltage (MSCCCV) technology is proposed. The thermal-aging cell model (TACM) is developed to generate a simulated cell model, and a cycle life predictor based on multi-input elastic net regression is developed. An adaptive MSCCCV-charging strategy is devised and optimized using whale optimization algorithm. The superiority of the MSCCCV technique is demonstrated through comparison with benchmark techniques.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jie Gao, Xiaofei Cao, Mi Xiao, Zhiqiang Yang, Xiaoqiang Zhou, Ying Li, Liang Gao, Wentao Yan, Timon Rabczuk, Yiu-Wing Mai
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances in Mechanical Metamaterials (MMs), including different scales of critical focuses, forward and inverse design mechanisms, micro architectures, and spatial tessellations. It emphasizes the importance of unique structures, micro unit cells, and mechanisms in MMs. The study demonstrates that inverse design can achieve unprecedented properties and plays a crucial role in material and multiscale design. Finally, several challenging yet promising research topics in design formulations, micro architectures, spatial tessellations, and industrial applications are proposed.
MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS
(2023)
