Sediment Monitored Natural Recovery Evidenced by Compound Specific Isotope Analysis and High-Resolution Pore Water Sampling

Monitoring, natural recovery of contaminated sediments requires the use of techniques that can provide definitive evidence of in situ contaminant degradation. In this study, a passive diffusion sampler, called peeper, was combined with Compound Specific Isotope Analysis to determine benzene and monochlorobenzene (MCB) stable carbon isotope values at a fine vertical resolution (3 cm) across the sediment water interface at a contaminated site. Results indicated significant decrease in concentrations of MCB from the bottom to the top layers of the sediment over 25 cm, and a 3.5 parts per thousand enrichment in delta C-13 values of MCB over that distance. Benzene was always at lower concentrations than MCB, with consistently more depleted delta C-13 values than MCB. The redox conditions were dominated by iron reduction along most of the sediment profile. These results provide multiple lines of evidence for in situ reductive dechlorination of MCB to benzene. Stable isotope analysis of contaminants in pore water is a valuable method to demonstrate in situ natural recovery of contaminated sediments. This novel high-resolution approach is critical to deciphering the combined effects of parent contaminant (e.g., MCB) degradation and both production and simultaneous degradation of daughter products, especially benzene.