Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoyi Gao, Nan Liu, Zengming Wang, Jing Gao, Hui Zhang, Meng Li, Yimeng Du, Xiang Gao, Aiping Zheng
Summary: This study modified chitosan nanoparticles with mannose and applied them to intranasal vaccine delivery. The results showed that mannose-modified chitosan nanoparticles enhanced antigen absorption and improved the immune response in mice. This research provides a promising method for further study of chitosan nanoparticle modification.
Article
Immunology
Alvaro Lopez-Valinas, Marta Valle, Miaomiao Wang, Ayub Darji, Guillermo Cantero, Chiara Chiapponi, Joaquim Segales, Llilianne Ganges, Jose I. Nunez
Summary: Influenza A viruses have the ability to infect a wide range of bird and mammal species. They constantly evolve due to low proofreading activity and genomic reassortment, posing a threat to human and animal health. This study found that vaccination can reduce the likelihood of genomic reassortment and may influence the evolution of swine influenza viruses.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xingyue An, Melisa Martinez-Paniagua, Ali Rezvan, Samiur Rahman Sefat, Mohsen Fathi, Shailbala Singh, Sujit Biswas, Melissa Pourpak, Cassian Yee, Xinli Liu, Navin Varadarajan
Summary: The development of an intranasal subunit vaccine that induces mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract has been reported, demonstrating the potential to prevent infection establishment in individuals and disease transmission.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingdi Pan, Qihui Wang, Mi Qi, Jianjun Chen, Xuefan Wu, Xiaowei Zhang, Wei Li, Xian-En Zhang, Zongqiang Cui
Summary: Researchers have developed an intranasal multivalent epitope-based nanoparticle vaccine that provides broad protection against diverse influenza A and B viruses. The vaccine induces potent immune responses, including cross-reactive antibodies and T cell-mediated responses, and confers full protection against lethal challenge with different influenza viruses. The HMNF nanoparticle demonstrates long-lasting immunity and shows promise as a universal influenza vaccine candidate.
Article
Immunology
Juan F. Hernandez-Franco, Ganesh Yadagiri, Veerupaxagouda Patil, Dina Bugybayeva, Sara Dolatyabi, Ekachai Dumkliang, Mithilesh Singh, Raksha Suresh, Fatema Akter, Jennifer Schrock, Gourapura J. Renukaradhya, Harm Hogenesch
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of commercially available cross-protective swIAV vaccines and monovalent whole inactivated H1N2 swine influenza vaccine when administered through different routes. The results showed that intradermal vaccination generated a stronger cross-reactive antibody response and higher avidity, and induced the production of both IgG and IgA virus-specific antibody-secreting cells.
Review
Immunology
Madhusudan Rajendran, Florian Krammer, Meagan McMahon
Summary: NA vaccines help reduce disease severity and play a role in preventing viral spread and decreasing viral lung titers. Therefore, incorporating immunogenic forms of NA may become a crucial component of future influenza vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin R. McCarthy, Tarra A. Von Holle, Laura L. Sutherland, Thomas H. Oguin, Gregory D. Sempowski, Stephen C. Harrison, M. Anthony Moody
Summary: Immune memory established by initial infection with influenza virus has a lasting imprint on later responses, which differ from those induced by early childhood immunization. A study comparing immune imprints from vaccination and infection in non-human primates found that initial exposure by infection led to strong but limited antibody responses, while initial vaccination elicited weaker but broader binding responses to different HA strains. This suggests that the mode of initial exposure affects the strength and breadth of the immune response.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
David R. McIlwain, Han Chen, Zainab Rahil, Neda Hajiakhoond Bidoki, Sizun Jiang, Zach Bjornson, Nikita S. Kolhatkar, C. Josefina Martinez, Brice Gaudilliere, Julien Hedou, Nilanjan Mukherjee, Christian M. Schuerch, Angelica Trejo, Melton Affrime, Bonnie Bock, Kenneth Kim, David Liebowitz, Nima Aghaeepour, Sean N. Tucker, Garry P. Nolan
Summary: The study demonstrates that the oral influenza vaccine VXA-A1.1 can protect humans from H1N1 virus challenge, and identifies specific cellular immune responses associated with protection, providing important insights for enhancing influenza vaccine efficacy.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Elien Vandoorn, Wojciech Stadejek, Anna Parys, Sharon Chepkwony, Koen Chiers, Kristien Van Reeth
Summary: The study found that the H3N2 LAIV strain lvTX98 is only partly attenuated in pigs and is excreted at significant titers after intranasal vaccination. Attenuation and restricted replication of lvTX98 in vivo seemed to be associated with the loss of NS1 functions other than type I IFN antagonism.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yusmel Sordo-Puga, Danny Perez-Perez, Carlos Montero-Espinosa, Ayme Oliva-Cardenas, Iliana Sosa-Teste, Carlos A. Duarte, Maria Pilar Rodriguez-Molto, Talia Sardina-Gonzalez, Elaine Santana-Rodriguez, Milagros Vargas-Hernandez, Yaneris Cabrera-Otano, Julio A. Ancizar-Fragoso, Yohandy Fuentes-Rodriguez, Mario Pablo Estrada, Marisela Suarez-Pedroso
Summary: The study demonstrated that E2CD154 is capable of inducing protective neutralizing antibodies in piglets with different levels of maternal antibodies and at different ages.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chunhong Dong, Ye Wang, Gilbert X. Gonzalez, Yao Ma, Yufeng Song, Shelly Wang, Sang-Moo Kang, Richard W. Compans, Bao-Zhong Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles show superior immune-enhancing properties for influenza vaccines, inducing significantly enhanced and cross-reactive immune responses after intranasal immunization. The nanoparticles provide broad protection against challenges by homologous and heterologous viruses.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ning Chen, Qin Wang, Yulong Hu, Yanyong Sun, Junping Li, Huawei Wu, Lu Xu, Huanhuan Liu, Chenghuai Yang, Xiaochun Chen, Yong Deng, Yingju Xia, Qianyi Zhang, Shi Cheng, Aihua Fan, Guanghua Chen
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of different classical swine fever (CSF) vaccines in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) and assessed different vaccination schemes. The results demonstrated that a single dose of C-strain-PK vaccine provided effective protection against CSF and reduced viremia, with negligible interference from MDAs. However, MDAs significantly impacted the efficacy of the subunit E2 vaccine in a one-dose vaccination scheme. In field studies, a single dose of C-strain-PK vaccine was more effective than the routine prime and boost vaccination scheme, with improved clinical protection and immunity.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Fumi Sato-Kaneko, Shiyin Yao, Fitzgerald S. Lao, Yukiya Sako, Jasmine Jin, Nikunj M. Shukla, Howard B. Cottam, Michael Chan, Masiel M. Belsuzarri, Dennis A. Carson, Tomoko Hayashi
Summary: Systemic and local immunity against influenza can be enhanced through an intramuscular priming and intranasal boosting regimen using inactivated influenza virus and the liposomal dual TLR4/7 adjuvant Fos47. The intranasal boosting with Fos47 promotes antigen-specific IgA secretion and tissue-resident memory T cells in the respiratory mucosa, while also inducing systemic cross-reactive IgG antibody titers. This vaccination approach is safe and provides both local and systemic anti-influenza immune responses.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Runhong Zhou, Pui Wang, Yik-Chun Wong, Haoran Xu, Siu-Ying Lau, Li Liu, Bobo Wing-Yee Mok, Qiaoli Peng, Na Liu, Kin-Fai Woo, Shaofeng Deng, Rachel Chun-Yee Tam, Haode Huang, Anna Jinxia Zhang, Dongyan Zhou, Biao Zhou, Chun-Yin Chan, Zhenglong Du, Dawei Yang, Ka-Kit Au, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Honglin Chen, Zhiwei Chen
Summary: The study suggests that using a heterologous vaccine regimen (PD1-RBD-DNA/LAIV-HK68-RBD) can effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nasal and lung regions by inducing stronger mucosal and systemic immune responses.
Article
Microbiology
Joshua N. Lorbach, Sarah W. Nelson, Sarah E. Lauterbach, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Eben Kenah, Dillon S. McBride, Maria R. Culhane, Christa Goodell, Andrew S. Bowman
Summary: The study demonstrates that vaccinating pigs against influenza can significantly reduce the risk of influenza virus transmission. Observations on pigs vaccinated with live-attenuated influenza virus or killed influenza virus, as well as corresponding ferret exposure groups, show improved outcomes on both sides of the interface. Pigs vaccinated with live-attenuated virus also show a significant delay in onset of infection among exposed ferrets.
Article
Immunology
Santosh Dhakal, Sharvari Deshpande, Meagan McMahon, Shirin Strohmeier, Florian Krammer, Sabra L. Klein
Summary: This study compares the effects of sex and age on universal influenza vaccine-induced immunity. The results show that adult mice develop more and higher quality antibodies compared to aged mice, providing better protection. Male mice experience less decline in immunity and protection compared to females. Transferring serum from young mice to aged mice cannot reverse this decline in immunity. Therefore, the sex-specific effects of aging on immunity are significant and should be considered in the development of universal vaccines.
Article
Virology
Santosh Dhakal, Jeffrey Loube, Julia A. Misplon, Chia-Yun Lo, Patrick S. Creisher, Kathleen R. Mulka, Sharvari Deshpande, Wayne Mitzner, Sabra L. Klein, Suzanne L. Epstein
Summary: In a mouse model, universal influenza vaccine candidates induced strong immune responses without causing lung damage and provided significant protection against influenza A virus infection compared to unvaccinated mice. The results support the potential of universal influenza vaccines in preventing future pandemic outbreaks.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Heiner K. Berthold, Ilaria Campesi, Juan-Jesus Carrero, Santosh Dakal, Flavia Franconi, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Mark L. Heiman, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Sabra L. Klein, Anne Murphy, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Karen Reue, Joshua B. Rubin
Summary: This study examines how biological sex influences the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, providing examples of common drugs affecting specific organ systems. The study also explores how the gender of physicians and patients can impact the therapeutic response to drugs.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoya, Filipa Mota, Alvaro A. Ordonez, Catherine A. Foss, Alok K. Singh, Monali Praharaj, Farina J. Mahmud, Ali Ghayoor, Kelly Flavahan, Patricia De Jesus, Melissa Bahr, Santosh Dhakal, Ruifeng Zhou, Clarisse Solis, Kathleen R. Mulka, William R. Bishai, Andrew Pekosz, Joseph L. Mankowski, Jason Villano, Sabra L. Klein, Sanjay K. Jain
Summary: This study utilized pulmonary PET/CT with I-124-iodo-DPA-713 to evaluate the local immune response in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealing worse pulmonary disease in male hamsters compared to females, with higher I-124-iodo-DPA-713 PET activity in the infected areas.
MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Santosh Dhakal, Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoya, Ruifeng Zhou, Patrick S. Creisher, Jason S. Villano, Kirsten Littlefield, Jennie Ruelas Castillo, Paula Marinho, Anne E. Jedlicka, Alvaro A. Ordonez, Melissa Bahr, Natalia Majewska, Michael J. Betenbaugh, Kelly Flavahan, Alice R. L. Mueller, Monika M. Looney, Darla Quijada, Filipa Mota, Sarah E. Beck, Jacqueline Brockhurst, Alicia M. Braxton, Natalie Castell, Mitchel Stover, Franco R. D'Alessio, Kelly A. Metcalf Pate, Petros C. Karakousis, Joseph L. Mankowski, Andrew Pekosz, Sanjay K. Jain, Sabra L. Kleina
Summary: Male and female golden Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit different pathophysiological characteristics, with males experiencing more severe illness, slower recovery, and females generating stronger antibody responses. This animal model provides insights into COVID-19 sex differences and vaccine-induced immunity.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Buddha Bahadur Basnet, Kiran Bishwakarma, Ramesh Raj Pant, Santosh Dhakal, Nashib Pandey, Dhruba Gautam, Archana Ghimire, Til Bahadur Basnet
Summary: The Government of Nepal has implemented various measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, with high recovery rates but continued efforts are needed to control the outbreak. The highest number of infected cases are in the age group of 21-30, with a male to female death ratio of 2.33. Further efforts are required to strengthen the pandemic prevention work in Nepal.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Alicia M. Braxton, Patrick S. Creisher, Camilo A. Ruiz-Bedoya, Katie R. Mulka, Santosh Dhakal, Alvaro A. Ordonez, Sarah E. Beck, Sanjay K. Jain, Jason S. Villano
Summary: Syrian hamsters are an ideal animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infections, showing similar pulmonary lesions to humans. Treatments like convalescent serum therapy and vaccination have shown efficacy in limiting or preventing clinical disease.
COMPARATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Rafael Tomoya Michita, Indira U. Mysorekar
Summary: The study provides further evidence that COVID-19 affects males more severely, with biological sex being an important factor influencing disease pathophysiology. Using a Syrian golden hamster model, the researchers investigate biological sex differences in the pathogenesis and clinical features of COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Lok R. Joshi, David Knudsen, Pablo Pineyro, Santosh Dhakal, Gourapura J. Renukaradhya, Diego G. Diel
Summary: The study developed two recombinant orf viruses expressing the HA gene or the HA and NP genes of IAV-S, which induced robust virus neutralizing antibody responses in pigs. The immunization with the HA-NP virus resulted in a Th1-biased immune response and provided incremental protection against challenge infection compared to the HA group.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mary Shank-Retzlaff, Yolanda Peris Taverner, Pallavi Joshi, Sankar Renu, Arun Chitikela, Animesh Koneru, Zhuoran Wang, Laura Bronsart, Pravansu Mohanty
Summary: Capillary-mediated vitrification (CMV) is a novel method for stabilizing biological molecules and complexes by utilizing capillary evaporation to enable rapid desiccation of aqueous solutions. CMV produces an amorphous dried product with enhanced thermal stability in less than an hour, serving as a potential alternative to traditional biopreservation methods.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca L. Ursin, Santosh Dhakal, Hsuan Liu, Sahana Jayaraman, Han-Sol Park, Harrison R. Powell, Morgan L. Sherer, Kirsten E. Littlefield, Ashley L. Fink, Zexu Ma, Alice L. Mueller, Allison P. Chen, Kumba Seddu, Yishak A. Woldetsadik, Patricia J. Gearhart, H. Benjamin Larman, Robert W. Maul, Andrew Pekosz, Sabra L. Klein
Summary: Adult females develop stronger antibody responses to influenza vaccines compared to males, and this gender difference is observed in both humans and mice. Females also show better protection against the vaccine virus and mutant strains, with lower virus titers and reduced morbidity. The higher antibody response in females is attributed to the production of class-switched, somatically hypermutated antibodies generated in germinal center B cells, which recognize a greater number of unique hemagglutinin antigen epitopes. The mechanisms underlying female-biased immunity and protection differ between males and females, highlighting the need to consider this gender difference in the development of universal influenza vaccines.
Article
Microbiology
Amy B. Karger, James D. Brien, Jayne M. Christen, Santosh Dhakal, Troy J. Kemp, Sabra L. Klein, Ligia A. Pinto, Lakshmanane Premkumar, John D. Roback, Raquel A. Binder, Karl W. Boehme, Suresh Boppana, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, James M. Crawford, John L. Daiss, Alan P. Dupuis Ii, Ana M. Espino, Adolfo Firpo-Betancourt, Catherine Forconi, J. Craig Forrest, Roxie C. Girardin, Douglas A. Granger, Steve W. Granger, Natalie S. Haddad, Christopher D. Heaney, Danielle T. Hunt, Joshua L. Kennedy, Christopher L. King, Florian Krammer, Kate Kruczynski, Joshua LaBaer, F. Eun-Hyung Lee, William T. Lee, Shan-Lu Liu, Gerard Lozanski, Todd Lucas, Damodara Rao Mendu, Ann M. Moormann, Vel Murugan, Nkemakonam C. Okoye, Petraleigh Pantoja, Anne F. Payne, Jin Park, Swetha Pinninti, Amelia K. Pinto, Nora Pisanic, Ji Qiu, Carlos A. Sariol, Viviana Simon, Lusheng Song, Tara L. Steffen, E. Taylor Stone, Linda M. Styer, Mehul S. Suthar, Stefani N. Thomas, Bharat Thyagarajan, Ania Wajnberg, Jennifer L. Yates, Kimia Sobhani
Summary: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) established the SeroNet in October 2020 to study the immune response to COVID-19 and improve serological testing. SeroNet institutions have developed a variety of COVID-19 serological assays and are working towards harmonization of results through calibration to reference standards.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Deepak Subedi, Parshuram Phuyal, Suman Bhandari, Milan Kandel, Shambhu Shah, Gaurav Rawal, Surendra Karki, Santosh Dhakal
Summary: This case-control study conducted in Nepal found that proximity to a main road, proximity to an infected farm, and presence of wild birds near the farm were risk factors for H9 avian influenza. However, using separate cloth or apron inside the shed was shown to reduce the risk of infection. These findings highlight the importance of site selection and implementing biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction of H9 avian influenza to poultry farms.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Deepak Subedi, Suman Bhandari, Saurav Pantha, Uddab Poudel, Sumit Jyoti, Milan Kandel, Surendra Karki, Santosh Dhakal
Summary: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral infection with high mortality rates, which has recently emerged in several countries. The pork industry in Nepal is at risk due to the spread of ASF and the government should focus on prevention measures such as border quarantine and effective management practices to control the spread of the virus.
MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
