Article
Microbiology
Jonathan P. Kastan, Martine W. Tremblay, Michael C. Brown, Joseph D. Trimarco, Elena Y. Dobrikova, Mikhail Dobrikov, Matthias Gromeier
Summary: Our study demonstrates that enteroviruses can cleave YTHDF proteins to regulate viral translation and modulate the host immune response. The cleavage of YTHDF proteins may inhibit the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and impact the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xin Yu, Linfeng Li, Matthew T. V. Chan, William Ka Kei Wu
Summary: Research suggests that there may be a correlation between herpes zoster and COVID-19 through similar subset of genes involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Both diseases show augmented Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17 signaling.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Mohamad Mahjoor, Golnaz Mahmoudvand, Simin Farokhi, Alireza Shadab, Mojtaba Kashfi, Hamed Afkhami
Summary: The JAK/STAT signaling cascade plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and differentiation, as well as immune responses and viral pathogenesis.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Michelle M. Thomsen, Tobias Tyrberg, Kristoffer Skaalum, Madalina Carter-Timofte, Mette R. Freytag, Peter Norberg, Marie Helleberg, Merete Storgaard, Henrik Nielsen, Jacob Bodilsen, Anna Grahn, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: This study identified potentially disease-causing variants associated with susceptibility to VZV encephalitis, suggesting disturbances in innate sensing and autophagy pathways may predispose individuals to VZV encephalitis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefania Gallucci, Sowmya Meka, Ana M. Gamero
Summary: Type I interferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and aberrant IFN signaling can exacerbate SLE. Genetic and epigenetic abnormalities are present in SLE patients. Neutralizing anti-type I IFN receptor antibodies may be a therapeutic strategy.
Review
Immunology
Natacha Zanin, Christine Viaris de Lesegno, Christophe Lamaze, Cedric M. Blouin
Summary: The internalized IFNAR complex plays a crucial role in regulating signal transduction triggered by IFN binding to IFNAR, determining the fate of IFNAR subunits and controlling IFN-induced signal transduction through finely tuned interactions. Investigating the complexity of IFN receptor intracellular routes is necessary to reveal new insights into the role of IFNAR membrane dynamics in type I IFNs signaling selectivity and biological activity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jiashu Han, Mengwei Wu, Ziwen Liu
Summary: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is crucial for determining immunotherapy responsiveness. It promotes immune cell activation and tumor cell apoptosis, but tumor cells can develop IFN-γ resistance, acquiring stemness characteristics and expressing immunosuppressive molecules. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of IFN-γ resistance and highlights the importance of elucidating these mechanisms to improve immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Leishemba K. Thoidingjam, Cedric M. Blouin, Christine Gaillet, Aurelien Brion, Stephanie Solier, Supaporn Niyomchon, Ahmed El Marjou, Sara Mouasni, Fernando E. Sepulveda, Genevieve de Saint Basile, Christophe Lamaze, Raphael Rodriguez
Summary: Interferons (IFNs), important cytokines, play roles in triggering downstream biochemical events upon binding to cell surface receptors. Dysregulated IFN signaling has been linked to cancer progression and autoimmune diseases. Researchers have identified a small molecule that can block the activation of IFN signaling and further developing a more potent analogue that shows potential therapeutic effects in reducing bleeding in a model of hemorrhagic colitis. This first-in-class small molecule also inhibits other types of IFN-induced signaling. This research provides a foundation for the development of pan-IFN inhibitory drugs.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Khaled Mukaddam, Sabrina Ruggiero, Steffen M. Berger, Dietmar Cholewa, Sebastian Kuhl, Daniel Vegh, Michael Payer, Michael M. Bornstein, Farah Alhawasli, Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
Summary: Zirconia implants have become widely used in dentistry due to their superior biological compatibility compared to traditional titanium implants, as they reduce bacterial adhesion, inflammation, and cellular interaction. This study investigated the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) on zirconia and titanium surfaces using different cytokines. The results showed that various cytokines activated different STAT proteins on both surfaces, indicating the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The upregulation of MHC class I and class II proteins was observed when MG-63 cells were incubated on zirconia and titanium discs.
Article
Immunology
Jian Jia, Ling-hui Xu, Chong Deng, Xia Zhong, Ke-huan Xie, Rang-yue Han, Hong-wei Su, Rui-zhi Tan, Li Wang
Summary: In this study, hederagenin (HDG) was found to effectively improve renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The mechanism of HDG was investigated, and it was discovered that HDG inhibits the expression of ISG15 and its downstream JAK/STAT signaling pathway, leading to the improvement of CKD. The findings provide a new drug and research target for the treatment of CKD.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Bhawana Maurya, Satya Surabhi, Rituparna Das, Pranjali Pandey, Ashim Mukherjee, Mousumi Mutsuddi
Summary: Mahe, an RNA helicase, regulates Notch signaling and neuronal development in Drosophila. The study demonstrates that Mahe can promote apoptosis by modulating the JAK/STAT pathway components. Through transcriptome profiling and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments, the study reveals the regulatory mechanism of Mahe on the JAK/STAT pathway.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qianqian Yin, Longyun Wang, Haiyang Yu, Daquan Chen, Wenwei Zhu, Changgang Sun
Summary: The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is closely related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammatory response, essential for inhibiting inflammation, initiating innate immunity, and coordinating adaptive immune mechanisms. Various plant polyphenol compounds play a role in suppressing abnormal activation in the JAK-STAT pathway, showing significant effects in anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and cardiovascular disease control.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Fei Qi, Fang Liu, Ling Gao
Summary: Vitiligo is a reversible skin disorder characterized by white patches resulting from destruction of melanocytes. JAK inhibitors have shown effectiveness in treating vitiligo by targeting the JAK/STAT pathway, but further studies are needed to determine optimal dosage and identify other inflammatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the condition.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lewis Zhichang Shi, James A. Bonner
Summary: Immunotherapies have shown success in late-stage cancer patients, leading to interest in the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy. The IFN-JAK-STAT pathway is identified as a major regulator, with signaling strength and duration potentially determining immunological outcomes. Targeting this pathway could enhance the immunostimulatory and radiosensitizing effects of combination therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmen Caiazza, Teresa Brusco, Federica D'Alessio, Massimo D'Agostino, Angelica Avagliano, Alessandro Arcucci, Concetta Ambrosino, Giuseppe Fiume, Massimo Mallardo
Summary: This study demonstrates the important role of STING in antigen presentation. The absence of STING leads to impairment of peptide presentation and dampened immune response activation. This has significant implications for understanding the role of STING in immune mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Florian Gothe, Catherine F. Hatton, Linh Truong, Zofia Klimova, Veronika Kanderova, Martina Fejtkova, Angela Grainger, Venetia Bigley, Joanna Perthen, Dipayan Mitra, Ales Janda, Eva Fronkova, Dusana Moravcikova, Sophie Hambleton, Christopher J. A. Duncan
Summary: The case study presents a child with complete deficiency of the interferon alpha/beta receptor alpha chain (IFNAR1) who experienced fatal systemic hyperinflammation, possibly triggered by live-attenuated viral vaccination. This hyperinflammatory condition, meeting the criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, is a new phenotype associated with inborn errors of type I interferon immunity.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Adrian M. Shields, Ariharan Anantharachagan, Gururaj Arumugakani, Kenneth Baker, Sameer Bahal, Helen Baxendale, William Bermingham, Malini Bhole, Evon Boules, Philip Bright, Charu Chopra, Lucy Cliffe, Betsy Cleave, John Dempster, Lisa Devlin, Fatima Dhalla, Lavanya Diwakar, Elizabeth Drewe, Christopher Duncan, Magdalena Dziadzio, Suzanne Elcombe, Shuayb Elkhalifa, Andrew Gennery, Harichandrana Ghanta, Sarah Goddard, Sofia Grigoriadou, Scott Hackett, Grant Hayman, Richard Herriot, Archana Herwadkar, Aarnoud Huissoon, Rashmi Jain, Stephen Jolles, Sarah Johnston, Sujoy Khan, James Laffan, Peter Lane, Lucy Leeman, David M. Lowe, Shanti Mahabir, Dylan James Mac Lochlainn, Elizabeth McDermott, Siraj Misbah, Fiona Moghaddas, Hadeil Morsi, Sai Murng, Sadia Noorani, Rachael O'Brien, Smita Patel, Arthur Price, Tasneem Rahman, Suranjith Seneviratne, Anna Shrimpton, Catherine Stroud, Moira Thomas, Katie Townsend, Prashantha Vaitla, Nisha Verma, Anthony Williams, Siobhan O. Burns, Sinisa Savic, Alex G. Richter
Summary: This study investigates the outcomes of 310 patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency in the United Kingdom following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and finds significantly elevated mortality rates in both cohorts compared to the general population. Increasing age, pre-existing lymphopenia, and other co-morbidities are identified as additional risk factors for death from COVID-19 in this cohort.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Florian Gothe, Jarmila Stremenova Spegarova, Catherine F. Hatton, Helen Griffin, Thomas Sargent, Sally A. Cowley, William James, Anna Roppelt, Anna Shcherbina, Fabian Hauck, Hugh T. Reyburn, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Sophie Hambleton
Summary: This study investigated the abnormality of IFN-I signaling in patients with STAT2 and IRF9 deficiency and found that it may contribute to inflammatory responses. IFN-alpha receptor signaling in cells lacking STAT2 or IRF9 was prolonged, and the transcriptional response resembled that of IFN-gamma.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Christopher J. A. Duncan, Morten K. Skouboe, Sophie Howarth, Anne K. Hollensen, Rui Chen, Malene L. Borresen, Benjamin J. Thompson, Jarmila Stremenova Spegarova, Catherine F. Hatton, Frederik F. Staeger, Mette K. Andersen, John Whittaker, Soren R. Paludan, Sofie E. Jorgensen, Martin K. Thomsen, Jacob G. Mikkelsen, Carsten Heilmann, Daniela Buhas, Nina F. Obro, Jakob T. Bay, Hanne Marquart, M. Teresa de la Morena, Joseph A. Klejka, Matthew Hirschfeld, Line Borgwardt, Isabel Forss, Tania Masmas, Anja Poulsen, Francisco Noya, Guy Rouleau, Torben Hansen, Sirui Zhou, Anders Albrechtsen, Reza Alizadehfar, Eric J. Allenspach, Sophie Hambleton, Trine H. Mogensen
Summary: This study investigated five children from Greenland, Canada, and Alaska who carried a homozygous IFNAR2 gene variant, resulting in increased vulnerability to viral infections. This finding highlights the essential role of Type I interferons in viral immunity and suggests the need for further population screening studies.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Nikolaos Vlachogiannis, Kenneth F. Baker, Georgios Georgiopoulos, Charalampos Lazaridis, Ina Schim van der Loeff, Aidan T. Hanrath, Kateryna Sopova, Simon Tual-Chalot, Aikaterini Gatsiou, Ioakim Spyridopoulos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Konstantinos Stellos
Summary: This study aims to identify predictors of early vs. late mortality in COVID-19 patients. The findings suggest that late mortality in COVID-19 patients is more strongly associated with premorbid clinical frailty than with severity of the acute infection phase.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Fabian J. S. van der Velden, Frederik van Delft, Stephen Owens, Judit Llevadias, Michael McKean, Lindsey Pulford, Yusri Taha, Grace Williamson, Quentin Campbell-Hewson, Sophie Hambleton, Rebecca Payne, Christopher Duncan, Catriona Johnston, Jarmila Spegarova, Marieke Emonts
Summary: In general, SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, including immunocompromised children, tends to be mild. However, a small percentage of pediatric patients may develop severe respiratory failure and require intensive care treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Rachel K. Y. Hung, Kerry-Lee Rosenberg, Victor David, Elizabeth Binns-Roemer, John W. Booth, Rachel Hilton, Julie Fox, Fiona Burns, Andrew Ustianowski, Catherine Cosgrove, Lisa Hamzah, James E. Burns, Amanda Clarke, David Chadwick, David A. Price, Stephen Kegg, Lucy Campbell, Kate Bramham, Caroline A. Sabin, Frank A. Post, Cheryl A. Winkler
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Marcela A. Ferrada, Sinisa Savic, Daniela Ospina Cardona, Jason C. Collins, Hugh Alessi, Fernanda Gutierrez-Rodrigues, Dinesh Babu Uthaya Kumar, Lorena Wilson, Wendy Goodspeed, James S. Topilow, Julie J. Paik, James A. Poulter, Tanaz A. Kermani, Matthew J. Koster, Kenneth J. Warrington, Catherine Cargo, Rachel S. Tattersall, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Anna Cantor, Patrycja Hoffmann, Elspeth M. Payne, Hanna Bonnekoh, Karoline Krause, Edward W. Cowen, Katherine R. Calvo, Bhavisha A. Patel, Amanda K. Ombrello, Daniel L. Kastner, Neal S. Young, Achim Werner, Peter C. Grayson, David B. Beck
Summary: Somatic mutations in UBA1 cause VEXAS syndrome, an adult-onset inflammatory disease with high mortality and clinical heterogeneity. Ear chondritis is associated with increased survival, while transfusion dependence and specific gene variants are associated with decreased survival. The study demonstrates the impact of gene mutations on translation and survival rate.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Robert M. Jackson, Catherine F. Hatton, Jarmila Stremenova Spegarova, Maria Georgiou, Joseph Collin, Emily Stephenson, Bernard Verdon, Iram J. Haq, Rafiqul Hussain, Jonathan M. Coxhead, Hardeep-Singh Mudhar, Bart Wagner, Megan Hasoon, Tracey Davey, Paul Rooney, C. M. Anjam Khan, Chris Ward, Malcolm Brodlie, Muzlifah Haniffa, Sophie Hambleton, Lyle Armstrong, Francisco Figueiredo, Rachel Queen, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Majlinda Lako
Summary: Conjunctival epithelial cells, the largest exposed epithelium of the ocular surface tissue, may serve as a potential route for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Through the use of an organotypic model and molecular assays, it was found that although conjunctival cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, productive infection does not occur. Furthermore, the early innate immune response in conjunctival cells is characterized by robust NF-KB activity without activation of antiviral interferon signaling.
Article
Microbiology
Brian J. Willett, Joe Grove, Oscar A. MacLean, Craig Wilkie, Giuditta De Lorenzo, Wilhelm Furnon, Diego Cantoni, Sam Scott, Nicola Logan, Shirin Ashraf, Maria Manali, Agnieszka Szemiel, Vanessa Cowton, Elen Vink, William T. Harvey, Chris Davis, Patawee Asamaphan, Katherine Smollett, Lily Tong, Richard Orton, Joseph Hughes, Poppy Holland, Vanessa Silva, David J. Pascall, Kathryn Puxty, Ana da Silva Filipe, Gonzalo Yebra, Sharif Shaaban, Matthew T. G. Holden, Rute Maria Pinto, Rory Gunson, Kate Templeton, Pablo R. Murcia, Arvind H. Patel, Paul Klenerman, Susanna Dunachie, John Haughney, David L. Robertson, Massimo Palmarini, Surajit Ray, Emma C. Thomson
Summary: Vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are vital in combating COVID-19, but the emergence of the Omicron variant poses a threat to this strategy. Studies have shown that the Omicron variant evades neutralization by sera from individuals vaccinated with different vaccines and reduces real-world vaccine effectiveness, although booster vaccination can partially restore its effectiveness. Additionally, the Omicron variant exhibits distinct cell entry pathways and phenotypes, which may contribute to its rapid global spread and altered pathogenicity.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander J. Mentzer, Daniel O'Connor, Sagida Bibi, Irina L. Chelysheva, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Tesfaye Demissie, Tanya Dinesh, Nick M. Edwards, Sally Felle, Shuo C. Feng, Amy Flaxman, Eleanor Karp-Tatham, Grace Li, Xinxue J. Liu, Natalie Marchevsky, Leila Godfrey, Rebecca K. Makinson, Maireid O. Bull, Jamie N. Fowler, Bana Alamad, Tomas Malinauskas, Amanda Chong, Katherine Sanders, Robert Shaw, Merryn Voysey, Matthew D. Snape, Andrew J. Pollard, Teresa Lambe, Julian C. Knight
Summary: Variation in antibody levels elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCov-19 is linked to specific major histocompatibility complex class II alleles, providing insight into the breadth of immune response among vaccinated individuals. HLA-DQB1*06 allele is associated with higher levels of anti-RBD antibody and decreased risk of breakthrough infection. These findings have implications for future vaccine design and implementation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter W. Horby, Jonathan R. Emberson, Marion Mafham, Mark Campbell, Leon Peto, Guilhenne Pessoa-Amorim, Enti Spata, Natalie Staplin, Catherine Lowe, David R. Chadwick, Christopher Brightling, Richard Stewart, Paul Collini, Abdul Ashish, Christopher A. Green, Ben Prudon, Timothy Felton, Anthony Kerry, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya H. Such, Jeremy Day, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Guy Thwaites, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray
Summary: This study evaluated the use of baricitinib in the treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results showed that baricitinib significantly reduced the risk of death, although the effect size was slightly smaller than previous trials. Overall evidence suggests that JAK inhibitors can reduce mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients by about 20%.
Article
Respiratory System
Luke Milross, Joaquim Majo, Julian Pulle, Sam Hoggard, Nigel Cooper, Bethany Hunter, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Andrew Filby, Andrew J. Fisher
Summary: This study investigated patterns of lung and heart injury in community-based COVID-19-attributable deaths. The results showed various lung injury patterns and identified factors that may have contributed to the lack of hospitalization, including low symptom burden, rapidly progressive disease, and psychosocial factors.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter W. Horby, Marion Mafham, Leon Peto, Mark Campbell, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Enti Spata, Natalie Staplin, Jonathan R. Emberson, Benjamin Prudon, Paul Hine, Thomas Brown, Christopher A. Green, Rahuldeb Sarkar, Purav Desai, Bryan Yates, Tom Bewick, Simon Tiberi, Tim Felton, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya H. Bitch, Lucy C. Chappell, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Wei Shen Lim, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, David M. Weinreich, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of casirivimab and imdevimab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results showed that this combination therapy reduced the 28-day mortality rate in patients without detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline, but not in those with detectable antibodies.