期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 11, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074022
关键词
Arctic; sea ice decline; winter climate; freshwater ice; thermokarst lakes
资金
- National Science Foundation [ARC-1417300, 1203473]
- Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative
- US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center
- Bureau of Land Management Arctic Field Office
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1417300] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [1107481] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Field measurements, satellite observations, and models document a thinning trend in seasonal Arctic lake ice growth, causing a shift from bedfast to floating ice conditions. September sea ice concentrations in the Arctic Ocean since 1991 correlate well (r = +0.69, p < 0.001) to this lake regime shift. To understand how and to what extent sea ice affects lakes, we conducted model experiments to simulate winters with years of high (1991/92) and low (2007/08) sea ice extent for which we also had field measurements and satellite imagery characterizing lake ice conditions. A lake ice growth model forced with Weather Research and Forecasting model output produced a 7% decrease in lake ice growth when 2007/08 sea ice was imposed on 1991/92 climatology and a 9% increase in lake ice growth for the opposing experiment. Here, we clearly link early winter 'ocean-effect' snowfall and warming to reduced lake ice growth. Future reductions in sea ice extent will alter hydrological, biogeochemical, and habitat functioning of Arctic lakes and cause sub-lake permafrost thaw.
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