Neutrino portal to FIMP dark matter with an early matter era

We study the freeze-in production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) dark matter candidates through a neutrino portal. We consider a hidden sector comprised of a fermion and a complex scalar, with the lightest one regarded as a FIMP candidate. We implement the Type-I Seesaw mechanism for generating the masses of the Standard Model (SM) neutrinos by introducing three heavy neutrinos which are assumed to be degenerated, for simplicity, and are also responsible for mediating the interactions be- tween the hidden and the SM sectors. We assume that an early matter-dominated (EMD) era took place for some period between inflation and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, making the Universe to expand faster than in the standard radiation-dominated era. In this case, the hidden and SM sectors are easily decoupled and larger couplings between FIMPs and SM particles are needed from the relic density constraints. In this context, we discuss the dynamics of dark matter throughout the modified cosmic history, evaluate the relevant constraints of the model and discuss the consequences of the duration of the EMD era for the dark matter production. Finally, we show that if the heavy neutrinos are not part of the thermal bath, this scenario becomes testable through indirect detection searches.

Automated summary

The study focuses on freeze-in production of FIMP dark matter candidates through a neutrino portal, considering a hidden sector with fermion and complex scalar components. The Type-I Seesaw mechanism is utilized for generating masses of SM neutrinos, with heavy neutrinos assumed to mediate interactions between hidden and SM sectors during an early matter-dominated era. Results suggest that if heavy neutrinos are not part of the thermal bath, the scenario is testable through indirect detection searches.