Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gaurav Yadav, Mohammad Ahmaruzzaman
Summary: This study examines the effectiveness of sweet lemon waste peels as an acidic catalyst in the esterification process for producing biodiesel from oleic acid. A biowaste-derived sulfonated carbon-based catalyst is fabricated without high temperatures and shows excellent conversion rates and recyclability.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lorenz P. Manker, Graham R. Dick, Adrien Demongeot, Maxime A. Hedou, Christele Rayroud, Thibault Rambert, Marie J. Jones, Irina Sulaeva, Mariella Vieli, Yves Leterrier, Antje Potthast, Francois Marechal, Veronique Michaud, Harm-Anton Klok, Jeremy S. Luterbacher
Summary: The direct transformation of the hemicellulosic fraction of non-edible biomass into a tricyclic diester plastic precursor is demonstrated, which can be further processed into amorphous polyesters with high mechanical properties and strong gas barriers. These materials also possess the ability of chemical recycling and degradation.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah, Steve Bowra, Philip Cox
Summary: This study investigated the behavior of soluble lignin extracts from Miscanthus x giganteus under different ethanol concentrations, showing changes in particle size and morphology of lignin aggregates with decreasing ethanol concentration. The dispersion of lignin aggregates at low ethanol concentration resulted in higher availability of hydroxyl groups. Esterification using similar ethanol concentration showed improved lignin functionality, suggesting potential for lignin-based materials.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Reeta Rani Singhania, Anil Kumar Patel, Tirath Raj, Chiu-Wen Chen, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy, Nadeem Tahir, Sang-Hyoun Kim, Cheng-Di Dong
Summary: The study on enzymatic degradation and modification of lignin is of great significance for transforming it into high-value chemicals and promoting the development of sustainable bio-based economy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Martinez-Garcia, Jaime Gracia-Vitoria, Karolien Vanbroekhoven, Winnie Dejonghe, Yamini Satyawali
Summary: Lipase is used as a selective catalyst for the esterification of monolignol dihydroconiferyl alcohol (DCA) to target the esterification of aliphatic OH groups without modifying the aromatic groups. The reaction can be carried out with high product yield under solvent-assisted or solvent-free conditions. The esterified monolignol shows comparable long-term radical scavenging activity to commercial, petroleum-based antioxidants. Different lignin fractions can also undergo enzymatic esterification with fatty acids to achieve different degrees of esterification.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dimitris D. S. Argyropoulos, Claudia Crestini, Christian Dahlstrand, Erik Furusjo, Claudio Gioia, Kerstin Jedvert, Gunnar Henriksson, Christian Hulteberg, Martin Lawoko, Clara Pierrou, Joseph S. M. Samec, Elena Subbotina, Henrik Wallmo, Martin Wimby
Summary: Kraft lignin, a by-product of pulp production, can be separated from black liquor to reduce the load on recovery boilers and increase pulp production, while also generating valuable bioenergy. In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing and utilizing this underutilized resource. This review provides an overview of Kraft lignin, its applications, and evaluates its value chains from black liquor to different products. It is anticipated that this work will inspire further development and use of Kraft lignin for new applications, promoting global sustainability concerns.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel B. Sulis, Xiao Jiang, Chenmin Yang, Barbara M. Marques, Megan L. Matthews, Zachary Miller, Kai Lan, Carlos Cofre-Vega, Baoguang Liu, Runkun Sun, Henry Sederoff, Ryan G. Bing, Xiaoyan Sun, Cranos M. Williams, Hasan Jameel, Richard Phillips, Hou-min Chang, Ilona Peszlen, Yung-Yun Huang, Wei Li, Robert M. Kelly, Ronald R. Sederoff, Vincent L. Chiang, Rodolphe Barrangou, Jack P. Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that multiplex CRISPR editing allows precise engineering of woody feedstock for improved lignin composition and wood properties, leading to more efficient fiber pulping and potential environmental benefits.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yin Yan, Lihe Zhang, Xi Zhao, Siyu Zhai, Qian Wang, Cui Li, Xu Zhang
Summary: This study presents the preparation of novel biocomposites using different lignin fractions and polylactic acid (PLA). The lignin samples were treated with deep eutectic solvent and esterification modification to improve the mechanical properties of PLA and provide antimicrobial and biocompatibility properties. The molecular weight of lignin was found to negatively influence the mechanical properties of the composites, highlighting the importance of the homogeneous utilization of lignin. The findings suggest that lignin-based composites have potential in biomedical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sandesh Behera, Sonali Mohapatra, Bikash Chandra Behera, Hrudayanath Thatoi
Summary: Lignin, a complex organic polymer abundant in plant cell walls, has potential use for the production of green nanomaterials. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) have received significant interest in recent years due to their applications in various fields. LNPs can be produced using different extraction and synthesis techniques, and they have shown to be non-toxic, economical, and biodegradable in promising studies. LNPs have potential applications in gene delivery systems, drug carriers, biocatalysts, tissue engineering, heavy metal absorbers, encapsulation of molecules, supercapacitors, hybrid nanocomposites, and others. This review addresses the recent advances in LNPs synthesis, their applications, future perspectives, and challenges associated with lignin-based nanomaterials.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Deepak Raikwar, Korneel Van Aelst, Thijs Vangeel, Sandra Corderi, Joost Van Aelst, Sander Van den Bosch, Kelly Servaes, Karolien Vanbroekhoven, Kathy Elst, Bert F. Sels
Summary: Unsatisfactory solubility and recalcitrant condensed structures of isolated lignins (technical lignins) severely limit their processability. Understanding the structural and physicochemical properties of isolated lignins is crucial for explaining their performance in solubilization and further depolymerization. This study investigated the solubilization and depolymerization of organosolv lignins from three different sources. Solubility tests were conducted in six organic solvents, and solubilization behavior was described based on structural properties and investigated under different conditions. Strong structural correlations between parent lignin/subfractions and depolymerized lignin oils were derived.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Eun-Ah Lee, Jeong-Ki Kim, Rajkumar Bandi, Ramakrishna Dadigala, Song-Yi Han, Gu-Joong Kwon, Jaegyoung Gwon, Won-Jae Youe, Ji-Soo Park, Chan-Woo Park, Nam-Hun Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee
Summary: Ionic liquids have been widely used for lignocellulose fractionation and lignin isolation, and this study explored the chemical structure of lignin isolated by imidazolium based ILs. The study found that increasing the treatment temperature led to higher lignin yield but lower molecular weight and hydroxyl group content. Esterification of the isolated lignin with [EMIM]Ac was successful and extended its applicability.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Lucija Hladnik, Filipa A. Vicente, Uros Novak, Miha Grilc, Blaz Likozar
Summary: The study on the solubility of lignin monomeric compounds in deep eutectic solvents (DES) revealed high solubility for syringol in both [ChCl]:U and [ChCl]:G, effective solubility for phenol in [ChCl]:U at 40 ?C, and poor solubility for lignin in [ChCl]:U and insolubility in [ChCl]:G at 40 ?C.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohmmad Khalid, Biswajit Samir De, Aditya Singh, Sai Praneeth Thota, Samaneh Shahgaldi
Summary: This research develops a microporous carbon electrode from kraft lignin through ball-milling and vacuum-assisted carbonization. The electrode exhibits high specific capacitance and good cycling stability in lignin-containing KOH electrolyte, indicating the potential of lignin as a sustainable biopolymer for renewable energy applications.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Li-Yang Liu, Siwei Chen, Lun Ji, Soo-Kyeong Jang, Scott Renneckar
Summary: This study presents an efficient and scalable method to convert kraft lignin into esterified lignin derivatives through a one-pot approach, improving upon past work. The method allows for efficient esterification of lignin, resulting in fractionated lignin with different properties, offering potential for further research on the structure and properties of lignin-based materials.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Antoine Duval, Geraldine Layrac, Andre van Zomeren, Arjan T. Smit, Eric Pollet, Luc Averous
Summary: In this study, two organosolv lignins were extracted and chemically modified with ethylene carbonate (EC) to create building blocks for polymer synthesis. The lignins were fractionated using a sequence of solvents based on their solubility parameters, and then reacted with EC to convert phenolic OH groups to primary aliphatic OH groups. The reactivity of the lignins decreased with increasing molar mass, leading to reduced solubility of high molar mass fragments in EC. Efforts to minimize undesirable crosslinking side reactions were successful through careful control of reaction conditions.
Article
Polymer Science
Arnaud Wolf, Joao Paulo Cosas Fernandes, Chuanyu Yan, Reiner Dieden, Laurent Poorters, Marc Weydert, Pierre Verge
Summary: The study investigates the compatibility between poly(alpha MSt-co-St) resins and SBR rubber, finding that the resin can irreversibly miscible with SBR at high concentrations and form crosslinking reactions, providing an irreversible compatibilization mechanism. The detailed investigation using characterization technics concludes that poly(alpha MSt-co-St) is depolymerizing under heating and can graft onto the chains of SBR, resulting in the irreversible compatibilization mechanism between the rubber and the resin.
Article
Polymer Science
Abdullah Gunaydin, Clement Mugemana, Patrick Grysan, Carlos Eloy Federico, Reiner Dieden, Daniel E. Schmidt, Stephan Westermann, Marc Weydert, Alexander S. Shaplov
Summary: The study focused on the reinforcement effect of PIBOMA on rubber compounds, showing that PIBOMA can increase the torque increase values and maintain its reinforcing effect up to 180 degrees C. For rubber compositions containing 20 phr of PIBOMA, both tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing PIBOMA molecular weight.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chuanyu Yan, Arpan Datta Sarma, Enzo Moretto, Jean-Sebastien Thomann, Pierre Verge, Daniel Schmidt, Francois Kayser, Reiner Dieden
Summary: This study explores the application of soybean oil in rubber processing, showing that chemical modifications can enhance its performance and demonstrating a correlation between epoxy concentration and mixing energy. Surface-selective ssNMR experiments reveal a relationship between SBO-silica adsorption affinity and the degree of epoxidation.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Antoine Adjaoud, Giao T. M. Nguyen, Linda Chikh, Sebastien Peralta, Lise Trouillet-Fonti, Nicolas Uguen, Marc-David Braida, Cedric Plesse
Summary: In this study, a novel piezoionic sensor based on Aquivion(R) membranes and modified PEDOT:PSS electrodes was developed, showing excellent performance as soft strain sensors. The influence of factors such as solvent annealing, additive concentration and nature on electrode properties was investigated, highlighting the critical contribution of electrode's mechanical characteristics. The study also explored the potential use of these Aquivion(R)-based sensors for robotic and medical applications in the future.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Thorben Soeren Haubold, Laura Puchot, Antoine Adjaoud, Pierre Verge, Katharina Koschek
Summary: This study synthesized a partially bio-based halogen-free flame retardant benzoxazine monomer through a four-step process, which was proven successful via NMR, IR, and MS analysis. The resulting pDOPO-PA-fa exhibited significant thermal stability and flame resistance, with 30% residual mass at 800 degrees Celsius, highlighting its potential as a flame retardant agent.
Article
Polymer Science
Arpan Datta Sarma, Carlos Eloy Federico, Frida Nzulu, Marc Weydert, Pierre Verge, Daniel Frederick Schmidt
Summary: The study explores the use of new bio-based processing additives to reduce energy consumption in the rubber mixing process and enhance tensile strength of the final composite, by replacing conventional process oil with aminated epoxidized soybean oil.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Antoine Adjaoud, Laura Puchot, Pierre Verge
Summary: This work introduces new fully bio-based vitrimers derived from isosorbide, showcasing high T-g values and fast dynamic exchanges, as well as self-healing and chemical and mechanical recycling capabilities. However, the materials are prone to degradation under acidic or alkaline conditions due to the isosorbide structure.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Enzo Moretto, Chuanyu Yan, Reiner Dieden, Pascal Steiner, Benoit Duez, Damien Lenoble, Jean-Sebastien Thomann
Summary: This study investigates the impact of silica particle pre-treatments with strong amine or hydride bases on the silanization reaction for the fabrication of silica-rubber nanocomposites. The results show that pre-treatments have a significant effect on the silanization reaction and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Antoine Adjaoud, Laura Puchot, Carlos Eloy Federico, Rohan Das, Pierre Verge
Summary: The meaningful concept of circular economy has led to the synthesis of lignin-based benzoxazines (LBZs) thermosets with tuneable properties, following the principles of Green Chemistry. The structure and properties of each LBZ precursor were confirmed using various techniques. The lignin-based thermosets exhibited different physical properties depending on the structure of the bio-based primary amine used. These materials can be used to prepare coatings and materials with different functionalities.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maksims Jurinovs, Anda Barkane, Oskars Platnieks, Sergejs Beluns, Liga Grase, Reiner Dieden, Mariapaola Staropoli, Daniel F. Schmidt, Sergejs Gaidukovs
Summary: With the progress of additive manufacturing and the widespread use of 3D printing technology, it is important to focus on environmentally and economically sustainable materials. This study utilizes vegetable oil-based resins with a low concentration of nanocellulose fibrils and crystals for vat photopolymerization 3D printing. The addition of nanocellulose improves the shelf stability and mechanical performance of the printed specimens. The prepared bio-based resins show promise in competing with petroleum-based resins.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abdullah Gunaydin, Patrick Grysan, Daniel F. Schmidt, Reiner Dieden, Marc Weydert, Alexander S. Shaplov
Summary: In this study, random copolymers of styrene and 1,3-butadiene were successfully synthesized via solution reversible addition-fragmentation-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, with the methodology extended to produce various block copolymers. The materials show evidence of nanostructure formation and promise unique combinations of properties.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Antoine Adjaoud, Acerina Trejo-Machin, Laura Puchot, Pierre Verge
Summary: This study successfully synthesized catalyst-free vitrimers by utilizing tertiary amines in a polybenzoxazine network. The vitrimers showed characteristics such as high temperature α mechanical relaxation and short gelation time, with the ability for recycling, reshaping, and self-healing.
Article
Polymer Science
Nejib Kasmi, Catherine Pinel, Denilson Da Silva Perez, Reiner Dieden, Youssef Habibi
Summary: The combination of sugar-derived triols and biobased diacids in melt polycondensation leads to the synthesis of fully biobased branched polyesters with varying end groups, offering potential applications and opportunities for further chemical modifications. The synthesized polyesters exhibit good thermal properties and have the flexibility for diverse functional polymer materials.
