期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
卷 208, 期 -, 页码 868-874出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.010
关键词
Fungicides; Strobilurins; Xenopus tropicalis; Embryos; Teratogenicity
资金
- National Science and Technology Major Project of China [2013ZX07310-001-04]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [21277049]
- Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research [SKLEC-KF201311]
Agricultural chemical inputs have been considered as a risk factor for the global declines in amphibian populations, yet the application of agricultural fungicides has increased dramatically in recent years. Currently little is known about the potential toxicity of fungicides on the embryos of amphibians. We studied the effects of ten commonly used fungicides (four strobilurins, two SDHIs, two triazoles, fludioxonil and folpet) on Xenopus tropicalis embryos. Lethal and teratogenic effects were respectively examined after 48 h exposure. The median lethal concentrations (LC50s) and the median teratogenic concentrations (TC50s) were determined in line with actual exposure concentrations. These fungicides except two triazoles showed obvious lethal effects on embryos; however LC50s of four strobilurins were the lowest and in the range of 6.81-196.59 mu g/L. Strobilurins, SDHIs and fludioxonil induced severe malformations in embryos. Among the ten fungicides, the lowest TC50s were observed for four strobilurins in the range of 0.61-84.13 mu g/L The teratogenicity shared similar dose effect relationship and consistent phenotypes mainly including microcephaly, hypopigmentation, somite segmentation and narrow fins. The findings indicate that the developmental toxicity of currently-used fungicides involved with ecologic risks on amphibians. Especially strobilurins are highly toxic to amphibian embryos at mu g/L level, which is close to environmentally relevant concentrations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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