期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 13, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13020457
关键词
nutrition; label; policy; food environment; barrier; facilitator
资金
- International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, a crown corporation under the Canada's government [108176-001]
- Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
The mandatory nutrition labeling policy introduced in Malaysia in 2003 faced implementation challenges. Historical mapping showed that international directions influenced policy processes, but policy inertia led to implementation gaps. Barriers to the policy process included lack of resources, governance complexity, technical challenges, while facilitators included resource maximization, leadership, industry engagement.
Mandatory nutrition labelling, introduced in Malaysia in 2003, received a medium implementation rating from public health experts when previously benchmarked against international best practices by our group. The rating prompted this qualitative case study to explore barriers and facilitators during the policy process. Methods incorporated semi-structured interviews supplemented with cited documents and historical mapping of local and international directions up to 2017. Case participants held senior positions in the Federal government (n = 6), food industry (n = 3) and civil society representations (n = 3). Historical mapping revealed that international directions stimulated policy processes in Malaysia but policy inertia caused implementation gaps. Barriers hindering policy processes included lack of resources, governance complexity, lack of monitoring, technical challenges, policy characteristics linked to costing, lack of sustained efforts in policy advocacy, implementer characteristics and/or industry resistance, including corporate political activities (e.g., lobbying, policy substitution). Facilitators to the policy processes were resource maximization, leadership, stakeholder partnerships or support, policy windows and industry engagement or support. Progressing policy implementation required stronger leadership, resources, inter-ministerial coordination, advocacy partnerships and an accountability monitoring system. This study provides insights for national and global policy entrepreneurs when formulating strategies towards fostering healthy food environments.
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