Article
Cell Biology
Ruipeng Lei, Andrea Hernandez Garcia, Timothy J. C. Tan, Qi Wen Teo, Yiquan Wang, Xiwen Zhang, Shitong Luo, Satish K. Nair, Jian Peng, Nicholas C. Wu
Summary: Influenza neuraminidase (NA) has different levels of tolerance to mutations, with antigenic regions showing high mutational tolerance and solvent-exposed regions showing low mutational tolerance. Protein stability is an important factor affecting the fitness of NA mutations. The study's findings on NA's evolutionary potential and biophysical constraints provide insights for NA-based vaccine design.
Article
Immunology
Wen-Chun Liu, Raffael Nachbagauer, Daniel Stadlbauer, Shirin Strohmeier, Alicia Solorzano, Francesco Berlanda-Scorza, Bruce L. Innis, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Peter Palese, Florian Krammer, Randy A. Albrecht
Summary: The study demonstrated that sequential immunization with cHA-based vaccines induced durable antibody responses and provided better protection against the 2009 influenza A virus HA conserved stalk domain in ferrets.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anouk Smet, Joao Paulo Portela Catani, Tine Ysenbaert, Amanda Goncalves, Harry Kleanthous, Thorsten U. Vogel, Xavier Saelens, Emma R. Job
Summary: This study demonstrates that NA-specific antibodies can interfere with the replication of A(H1N1)pdm09 in human airway epithelial cells, blocking viral entry and egress. Furthermore, human sera with neuraminidase inhibition activity against A(H1N1)pdm09 N1 can also reduce H6N1 virus infection in HAE cells.
Article
Immunology
Gwo-Yu Chuang, Chen-Hsiang Shen, Crystal Sao-Fong Cheung, Jason Gorman, Adrian Creanga, M. Gordon Joyce, Kwanyee Leung, Reda Rawi, Lingshu Wang, Eun Sung Yang, Yongping Yang, Baoshan Zhang, Yi Zhang, Masaru Kanekiyo, Tongqing Zhou, Brandon J. DeKosky, Barney S. Graham, John R. Mascola, Peter D. Kwong
Summary: Sequence signatures of multidonor broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies have been effectively improved through iterative informatics, biochemical, and structural analyses, leading to enhanced accuracy and neutralization capability. These enhanced signatures can identify HV6-1 class antibodies with higher neutralization potency.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Valerie Le Sage, Karen A. Kormuth, Eric Nturibi, Juhye M. Lee, Sheila A. Frizzell, Michael M. Myerburg, Jesse D. Bloom, Seema S. Lakdawala
Summary: The study shows that the pH of fusion in H3N2 HA is a determinant of efficient airborne transmission, and mutations in the HA can impact the acid stability of the virus. The noncoding regions of the NA segment can also influence the pH of fusion in mutant viruses.
Article
Virology
Wentao Shen, Qian Wang, Zhengxiang Wang, Minxuan Liu, Yingying Du, Lvfeng Yuan, Lu Han, Krzysztof Smietanka, Hualan Chen, Shuai Xu, Qiyun Zhu
Summary: The H7N9 subtype influenza A viruses pose a serious threat to public health, and there is still a lack of vaccines or drugs for humans against H7N9 influenza viruses. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), 4H1E8 and 7H9A6, were identified to specifically recognize and neutralize the H7N9 virus. These antibodies inhibit the conformational change of HA and block the HA-mediated membrane fusion, showing promising prophylactic and therapeutic effects against H7N9 virus infection. These findings suggest that these antibodies could be potentially used for the prevention and treatment of H7N9 influenza virus infection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yu-Chen Cheng, Shih-Chung Chang
Summary: The study prepared two monoclonal antibodies, 7H6C and YC8, with subtype specificity for H5N8 and H5Nx avian influenza viruses, which can be used for specific detection of HA proteins.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Anna Parys, Elien Vandoorn, Jacqueline King, Annika Graaf, Anne Pohlmann, Martin Beer, Timm Harder, Kristien Van Reeth
Summary: A pig farmer in the Netherlands was infected with a Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A(H1N1) virus that was also found in the farmed pigs. Antigenic and genetic characterization of both viruses was conducted. Continued surveillance of swine influenza A viruses is necessary for assessing risks in humans and pigs.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Rongyuan Gao, Zhao Wang, Tirth Uprety, Chithra C. C. Sreenivasan, Zizhang Sheng, Ben M. M. Hause, Colin Brunick, Hua Wu, Thomas Luke, Christoph L. L. Bausch, Eddie J. J. Sullivan, Adam D. D. Hoppe, Victor C. C. Huber, Dan Wang, Feng Li
Summary: The Diversitab system utilizes Tc bovines to produce high titer fully human polyclonal IgG immunoglobulins that have been shown to be safe and effective against various virulent pathogens. A human monoclonal antibody, 38C2, isolated from this platform, exhibits ADCC activity in vitro but lacks neutralizing activity against H1N1 virus. Further investigation reveals that 38C2 targets a conserved epitope on H1N1 influenza viruses, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for influenza virus infections.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
James D. Allen, Ted M. Ross
Summary: The study found that broadly-reactive influenza virus vaccine antigens targeting A(H3N2) influenza viruses are more effective at producing cross-reactive antibodies than traditional vaccines, with higher neutralizing capabilities against historical, contemporary, and future drifted influenza strains.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Julia Doelger, Mehran Kardar, Arup K. Chakraborty
Summary: There is currently a lack of effective long-term protective vaccines against viruses, such as seasonal influenza, that continuously evolve under immune pressure. Researchers have developed a computational method to infer the intrinsic mutational fitness landscape of viral proteins from yearly sequence data, which may have future implications in the design of immunization protocols.
Article
Virology
David Francis Burke
Summary: The genetic basis of antigenic drift of human A/H3N2 influenza virus is crucial to understanding the constraints of influenza evolution and determinants of vaccine escape. Amino acid changes at only seven positions near the receptor binding site of the surface hemagglutinin protein have been shown to be responsible for the major antigenic changes for over forty years. Experimental structures of HA are now available for the majority of the observed antigenic clusters of A/H3N2, providing a structural basis for the antigenic changes seen in human influenza viruses.
Article
Immunology
Nan Zhang, Keji Quan, Zixuan Chen, Qun Hu, Maoshun Nie, Nuo Xu, Ruyi Gao, Xiaoquan Wang, Tao Qin, Sujuan Chen, Daxin Peng, Xiufan Liu
Summary: Vaccination is a crucial measure against H9N2 avian influenza viruses in China, but continuous antigenic drift of the virus threatens its effectiveness. This study identified molecular markers and antibody escape residues of the virus, and revealed the emergence of a new antigenic branch since 2015.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Pia Ryt-Hansen, Jesper Schak Krog, Solvej Ostergaard Breum, Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager, Anders Gorm Pedersen, Ramona Trebbien, Lars Erik Larsen
Summary: This paper presents the results of swIAV surveillance in Danish swine from 2011 to 2018, revealing multiple different circulating genotypes of the virus, including novel reassortants with human seasonal IAV gene segments. The phylogenetic analysis showed genetic drift in antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin protein and identified a swine divergent cluster among the viruses studied.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zishu Chen, Christina Bancej, Liza Lee, David Champredon
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between the genetic drift of seasonal influenza viruses and the epidemiological severity of seasonal epidemics in Canada. The results showed no statistical relationship between antigenic distance and influenza severity in Canada. Future studies should consider additional factors that may affect the severity of seasonal influenza.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Min Z. Levine, Crystal Holiday, Stacie Jefferson, F. Liaini Gross, Feng Liu, Sheng Li, Damien FrieI, Philippe Boutet, Bruce L. Innis, Corey P. Mallett, Terrence M. Tumpey, James Stevens, Jacqueline M. Katz
Review
Immunology
Manish M. Patel, William Davis, Lauren Beacham, Sarah Spencer, Angela P. Campbell, Kathryn Lafond, Melissa Rolfes, Min Z. Levine, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Mark G. Thompson, Alicia M. Fry
Article
Immunology
Michael Hinojosa, Samuel S. Shepard, Jessie R. Chung, Jennifer P. King, Huong Q. McLean, Brendan Flannery, Edward A. Belongia, Min Z. Levine
Summary: The study found that children's influenza A(H3N2) antibody landscapes are mainly determined by age-related immune priming, rather than recent vaccination or infection. Vaccine-induced antibody responses correlated with boosting of titers to previously encountered antigens.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Feng Liu, F. Liaini Gross, Stacie N. Jefferson, Crystal Holiday, Yaohui Bai, Li Wang, Bin Zhou, Min Z. Levine
Summary: The effectiveness of A(H3N2) influenza vaccine was found to be low during the 2016-19 seasons and varied by age. It was observed that antibody responses to cell and egg-propagated vaccine viruses differed due to egg-adapted changes in the vaccine hemagglutinins. The impact of vaccine egg adaptation on antibody responses varied across different age groups.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Min Z. Levine, Crystal Holiday, Yaohui Bai, Weimin Zhong, Feng Liu, Stacie Jefferson, F. Liaini Gross, Wen-pin Tzeng, Louis Fries, Gale Smith, Philippe Boutet, Damien Friel, Bruce L. Innis, Corey P. Mallett, C. Todd Davis, David E. Wentworth, Ian A. York, James Stevens, Jacqueline M. Katz, Terrence Tumpey
Summary: Influenza A(H7N9) viruses remain a high pandemic threat and pose major challenges in pandemic preparedness strategies through vaccination. The first wave vaccines induce strong antibody responses to the third and fifth wave viruses, but have lower cross-reactivity to the highly pathogenic fifth wave A(H7N9) virus. The US population is largely immunologically naive to A(H7N9) HA.
Article
Immunology
Allison L. Naleway, Sara S. Kim, Brendan Flannery, Min Z. Levine, Kempapura Murthy, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Laura J. Edwards, Sarah Ball, Lauren Grant, Tnelda Zunie, Weiping Cao, F. Liaini Gross, Holly Groom, Alicia M. Fry, Danielle Hunt, Zuha Jeddy, Margarita Mishina, Meredith G. Wesley, Sarah Spencer, Mark G. Thompson, Manjusha Gaglani, Fatimah S. Dawood
Summary: This study compared the antibody responses to different types of influenza vaccines in healthcare personnel aged 18-65. The results showed that the recombinant influenza vaccine induced higher antibody responses compared to the standard-dose egg-based vaccine, while the high-dose egg-based vaccine did not show any significant difference in antibody responses. These findings suggest that recombinant vaccines may provide better antibody responses in highly vaccinated populations.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)