Article
Agricultural Engineering
Kaili Liu, Longyi Lv, Weiguang Li, Xinyuan Wang, Muda Han, Zhijun Ren, Wenfang Gao, Pengfei Wang, Xiaoyang Liu, Li Sun, Guangming Zhang
Summary: In this study, a combination of micro-aeration and leachate recirculation was used to achieve rapid degradation of organic matter in landfill waste. The results showed a significant increase in the content of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the hydrolysis phase, which could quickly enter the methanogenic phase. Until the end of the landfill, micro-aeration and leachate recirculation achieved high removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), as well as a 50% organic matter degradation rate. Micro-aeration and leachate recirculation improved the efficiency of organic matter degradation by promoting the growth of functional microorganisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maosheng Zheng, Nan Zhou, Shishi He, Fang Chang, Jie Zhong, Shuo Xu, Zhe Wang, Tang Liu
Summary: This study systematically investigated N2O emissions from a pilot-scale Carrousel oxidation ditch under different COD/N ratios and aeration rates, revealing that high internal recycle ratio and air stripping effect are important factors in reducing N2O emissions. Additionally, simulated shock-load conditions showed that autotrophic nitrification process generates more N2O under these conditions.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nguyen Hong Dan, Tran Le Luu
Summary: This study presents the use of electrocoagulation combined with persulfate to treat landfill leachate, demonstrating significant removal efficiencies for COD, color, TOC, and TN. By optimizing key parameters such as PS concentration, reaction time, and pH, the EC-PS process shows promising results in effectively treating bio-digested landfill leachate.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhenyu Yan, Anjie Li, Hojae Shim, Danyang Wang, Shuqian Cheng, Yuexing Wang, Ming Li
Summary: In this study, the O3-PN-AMX biogranules process was used to effectively remove nitrogen from mature landfill leachate (MLL) without carbon addition and pH adjustment. The application of ozone pretreatment and granular sludge improved treatment efficiency and stability, providing a novel and effective operation strategy for nitrogen removal from MLL.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Arseto Yekti Bagastyo, Putu Putri Indira Sari, Lucky Caesar Direstiyani
Summary: Electrochemical oxidation and electrodialysis technologies were used to treat mature landfill leachate, effectively removing organic pollutants and ionic compounds. Higher chloride concentrations led to increased removal efficiency, except for total phosphate. Under specific conditions, high removal rates for COD, ammonium, total phosphate, and chloride were achieved.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shao-Jie Wu, Qi-Teng Zheng, Yong Zhao, Shi-Jin Feng
Summary: Aeration combined with leachate recirculation is an effective approach for temperature control in landfills. A local thermal non-equilibrium model was developed to predict landfill temperatures during aeration and recirculation. Simulation results showed that assuming local thermal equilibrium overestimated the temperature. The model was used to investigate gas mixtures and operating conditions, providing guidelines for the design of an aeration and recirculation combined system.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lakshmi Pisharody, Ashitha Gopinath, Milan Malhotra, P. Nidheesh, M. Suresh Kumar
Summary: Landfilling is a common method for managing municipal solid waste globally, but leachate generation poses environmental issues. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) show potential in removing micropollutants from landfill leachate, but further research is needed for better understanding.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ke Feng, Qibin Li
Summary: This study investigated the removal characteristics of NH4+-N and organic matter in landfill leachate with high chloride ion content. The results showed that increasing chloride ion concentration improved the production of hypochlorous acid in the MW/PMS system, and that MW irradiation had an important influence on the activation of PMS. The high concentration of hypochlorous acid produced by the system can remove NH4+-N in situ and participate in the reaction with pollutants.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Emine Can-Guven, Senem Yazici Guvenc, Gamze Varank
Summary: This study investigated a sequential treatment of landfill leachate including coagulation and binary oxidation processes. The research optimized the chemical coagulation process and examined the factors affecting the binary oxidation process to achieve high removal efficiencies. The results showed that the binary processes were more effective than single processes, reaching significant removal efficiencies under optimal conditions.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gamal K. Hassan, Fatma A. El-Gohary
Summary: A proposed combined process of partial nitritation followed by anammox was used to treat high-pollution municipal landfill leachate, showing potential advantages in increasing treatment capacity. Studies revealed ammonia reduction up to 85% and nitrite reduction almost 99% in the anammox reactor, with Broccadia species responsible for the anammox process.
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yun Peng, Lei Li, Wenduo Yuan, Di Wu, Pingjin Yang, Xuya Peng
Summary: This study evaluates the feasibility of co-digesting food waste and landfill leachate to alleviate ammonia inhibition. The results show that the optimal substrate mixing ratio is achieved when the concentration of leachate in the co-digestion reactor is 40% (v/v). The addition of leachate alleviates ammonia inhibition and promotes stable methane generation. Microbial analysis reveals a higher abundance of Pelotomaculum in the co-digestion system, and genetic analysis confirms the enrichment of genes involved in butyrate, propionate, and methane metabolism. The characteristics of the digestate after long-term co-digestion indicate no ecological risk.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhizhan Luo, Yong Li, Bohan Chen, Mengen Lei, Naixin Zhang, Xiaolei Zhang, Ji Li
Summary: Partial denitrification (PD) is a stable and effective approach for NO2-N accumulation, and PD/Anammox (PD/A) is a promising nitrogen removal process. This study investigated the effects of free ammonia (FA) on PD bacteria and revealed that low FA concentration enhanced NO2-N reduction rate, while high FA level inhibited PD bacteria. The results confirmed the feasibility of PD/A process in high FA wastewater treatment.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Guanyi Chen, Guanyun Wu, Ning Li, Xukai Lu, Jianhui Zhao, Mengting He, Beibei Yan, Hongqiong Zhang, Xiaoguang Duan, Shaobin Wang
Summary: Persulfate (PS) oxidation technology has been widely used in the purification of landfill leachate, with advantages such as fast reaction speed, nonselectivity to target pollutants, and thorough oxidation.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junliang Gao, Rui Wang, Yilin Li, Huimin Huang, Xiaomei Su, Zijing An, Wenjun Yin, Lizhen Yang, Liang Rong, Faqian Sun
Summary: The effect of two aeration modes in the aerobic phase on nitrogen removal and N2O emission in treating landfill leachate was compared. Increasing dissolved oxygen showed positive effects on nitrogen removal and minimized N2O emission. However, high dissolved oxygen concentration reduced nitrogen removal and led to high N2O emission.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guangming Zhang, Kaili Liu, Longyi Lv, Wenfang Gao, Weiguang Li, Zhijun Ren, Wenyi Yan, Pengfei Wang, Xiaoyang Liu, Li Sun
Summary: The study conducted a landfill simulation reactor experiment to achieve rapid landfill stabilization. The enhanced process showed higher degradation efficiency and lower economic cost compared to the traditional process, resulting in better environmental benefits.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhuo Zhou, Cui-jing Zhang, Peng-fei Liu, Lin Fu, Rafael Laso-Perez, Lu Yang, Li-ping Bai, Jiang Li, Min Yang, Jun-zhang Lin, Wei-dong Wang, Gunter Wegener, Meng Li, Lei Cheng
Summary: Recent studies have shown that the archaeon 'Candidatus Methanoliparum' can independently degrade long-chain hydrocarbons and produce methane. This alkylotrophic methanogen is widely distributed in oil-rich environments and may play a crucial role in transforming hydrocarbons into methane.
Article
Microbiology
Christos Zioutis, David Seki, Franziska Bauchinger, Craig Herbold, Angelika Berger, Lukas Wisgrill, David Berry
Summary: This study investigated the assembly and dynamics of microbial communities in extremely low birth weight infants over the first two weeks of life. The results showed that microbial communities at different body sites had distinctive dynamics and equilibrium frequencies, despite their compositional instability and low body-site specificity. The study also developed a probabilistic approach based on Markov modeling to analyze microbial community dynamics, which can be applied to neonatal microbiomes as well as other human-associated or environmental microbiomes.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuchun Yang, Zhongyi Lu, Mohammad Azari, Boran Kartal, Huan Du, Mingwei Cai, Craig W. Herbold, Xinghua Ding, Martin Denecke, Xiaoyan Li, Meng Li, Ji-Dong Gu
Summary: A new genus of anammox bacteria, Candidatus Loosdrechtia aerotolerans, has been discovered in a full-scale wastewater-treating biofilm system. This genus possesses unique enzymes involved in nitrate reduction and oxidative stress resistance. The discovery expands our understanding of the ecophysiology of anammox bacteria and provides valuable insights for anammox-based wastewater treatment systems operation.
Article
Microbiology
Xueqin Yang, Xiaoli Yu, Qiang He, Ting Deng, Xiaotong Guan, Yingli Lian, Kui Xu, Longfei Shu, Cheng Wang, Qingyun Yan, Yuchun Yang, Bo Wu, Zhili He
Summary: This study investigates the ecological niche differentiation and interaction among metabolically distinct nitrifiers in synthetic nitrifying communities. The results show that their niche differentiation and potential interactions are determined by their kinetic characteristics. The dominant species shifted as ammonium concentrations increased, explained by differences in ammonia affinity and growth rate in the synthetic communities. A conceptual model is developed to infer niche differentiation and potential interactions among the four types of nitrifiers.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Joan Pamela Engelberts, Steven J. Robbins, Craig W. Herbold, Florian U. Moeller, Nico Jehmlich, Patrick W. Laffy, Michael Wagner, Nicole S. Webster
Summary: Marine sponges host diverse microbiomes that contribute to host health. The Indo-Pacific sponge Ianthella basta is a model organism for studying symbiosis research. By analyzing its microbial community, metabolic complementarity between microbes and the importance of low abundance symbionts were identified. The role of viruses in maintaining symbioses through horizontal transfer of eukaryotic-like proteins was also highlighted.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Annelieke Overbeeke, Bela Hausmann, Georgi Nikolov, Fatima C. Pereira, Craig W. Herbold, David Berry
Summary: The study found that not all gut bacteria capable of degrading chondroitin sulfate could also degrade hyaluronan, despite having lyases that act on both compounds. In the model organism Bacteroides, a lyase along with surface binding proteins may be involved in hyaluronan breakdown, and degradation of these compounds provides public goods for other bacteria. Cooperative degradation and cross-feeding may be widespread in mucosal glycan utilization.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Florian U. U. Moeller, Craig W. W. Herbold, Arno Schintlmeister, Maria Mooshammer, Cherie Motti, Bettina Glasl, Katharina Kitzinger, Faris Behnam, Margarete Watzka, Thomas Schweder, Mads Albertsen, Andreas Richter, Nicole S. S. Webster, Michael Wagner
Summary: Marine sponges play a critical role in marine ecosystems as filter-feeders and reef-builders, and they harbor dense communities of microbes. These microbes contribute to the processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM). A study using metaproteogenomics and laboratory incubations found that a dominant gammaproteobacterial symbiont in a marine sponge expressed a pathway for the import and dissimilation of taurine, a common metabolite in marine sponges. The symbiont also imported and used DMSP as a carbon and sulfur source. These findings highlight the importance of biogenic sulfur compounds in the interaction between marine sponges and their microbial symbionts.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zongbao Liu, Xiulin Wan, Cuijing Zhang, Mingwei Cai, Yueping Pan, Meng Li
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence, host range, and potential mobility of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in six mangrove ecosystems in southeastern China. The research identified a total of 348 ARG subtypes, with some being associated with clinically relevant antibiotics. The results also revealed more than 42 bacterial phyla as potential hosts of ARGs.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pengfei Hu, Youfen Qian, Jinye Liu, Lin Gao, Yuxin Li, Yanbin Xu, Jiapeng Wu, Yiguo Hong, Tim Ford, Adi Radian, Yuchun Yang, Ji-Dong Gu
Summary: Microbial-driven nitrogen removal is crucial in full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and understanding the nitrogen cycling networks is essential for optimizing these processes. This study used metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to investigate the microbial nitrogen removal processes in a full-scale WWTP. The study found a simultaneous nitrification-anammox-denitrification (SNAD) process, where ammonia was oxidized by AOB, AOA, and NOB, and the resulting nitrite and nitrate were reduced to N2 by anammox and denitrifying bacteria. The study also identified specific anammox bacteria and highlighted their potential for efficient nitrogen removal.
Article
Ecology
Anna J. Mueller, Anne Daebeler, Craig W. Herbold, Rasmus H. Kirkegaard, Holger Daims
Summary: Nitrospirales, including the genus Nitrospira, are widespread bacteria that play important roles in nitrogen and carbon cycling. In this study, three new marine Nitrospirales species and one novel genus were discovered. A new organism, named Ca. Nitronereus thalassa, represents the first cultured member of a Nitrospirales lineage that includes both free-living and sponge-associated nitrite oxidizers. This organism exhibits distinct habitat distribution patterns and unique genes involved in carbon fixation and respiration.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huimin Ye, Sabrina Borusak, Claudia Eberl, Julia Krasenbrink, Anna S. Weiss, Song-Can Chen, Buck T. Hanson, Bela Hausmann, Craig W. Herbold, Manuel Pristner, Benjamin Zwirzitz, Benedikt Warth, Petra Pjevac, David Schleheck, Baerbel Stecher, Alexander Loy
Summary: This study describes the isolation and characterization of a new taurine-respiring mouse gut bacterium, which interacts with other bacteria and may contribute to pathogen protection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meng Li, Changhai Duan
CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE
(2023)
Article
Nursing
Yuchun Yang, Kaori Hatanaka, Kei Takahashi, Yasuko Shimizu
Summary: This study investigated the professional nursing practice environment, occupational career, and work engagement of Chinese nurses in Japan. The results showed that most participants had university degrees or higher, and their scores of PES-NWI and work engagement tended to be lower than those with diploma degrees. Participants also had low self-ratings in self-development and lacked a variety of experience. Understanding Chinese nurses' work conditions in Japan can help hospital administrators develop measures for continuing education and support.
Article
Microbiology
Huan Du, Jie Pan, Cuijing Zhang, Xilan Yang, Cheng Wang, Xiaolan Lin, Jinhui Li, Wan Liu, Haokui Zhou, Xiaoli Yu, Shuming Mo, Guoqing Zhang, Guoping Zhao, Wu Qu, Chengjian Jiang, Yun Tian, Zhili He, Yang Liu, Meng Li
Summary: The study compares the microbial features of mangrove ecosystems in China and South America, finding analogous assembly patterns and key functional guilds. The entire communities exhibit significant distance-decay patterns and are strongly influenced by stochastic processes, while the assembly of specialists may be related to the behaviors of organisms in the mangrove ecosystems. Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes dominate the mangrove microbiomes and play important roles in maintaining community structure and functions.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rong-Gui Zhu, Chang-Gui Pan, Feng-Jiao Peng, Chao-Yang Zhou, Jun-Jie Hu, Kefu Yu
Summary: This comprehensive survey investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolite 4-HB in a marine food web. Results showed that parabens were the predominant pollutants in marine organisms, with significant bioaccumulation from sediments. The estimated trophic magnification factor indicated biomagnification for MeP and trophic dilution for 4-HB. Overall, the risks for humans consuming marine organisms were found to be low.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Andres F. Torres-Franco, Deborah Leroy-Freitas, Cristina Martinez-Fraile, Elisa Rodriguez, Pedro A. Garcia-Encina, Raul Munoz
Summary: Anaerobic and microalgae-based technologies have emerged as sustainable alternatives for municipal wastewater treatment. However, the presence of viruses in the treated wastewater is a major concern for reuse applications. This study assessed the ability of these technologies to reduce viruses during secondary wastewater treatment. The results showed that all technologies were effective in reducing the concentration of viruses, with microalgae-based treatment exhibiting the highest potential for reducing the disinfection requirements of treated wastewater.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Young Gwang Kim, Sae Yun Kwon, Spencer J. Washburn, Scott C. Brooks, Ji Won Yoon, Lucien Besnard
Summary: The study uses Hg isotope ratios to identify the sources and exposure pathways of mercury in bivalves, finding that dissolved Hg phases in the water column are the primary source and exposure pathway to bivalves. This provides new insights into using bivalves as bioindicators for sediment quality monitoring.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hui Geng, Ying Xu, Rui Liu, Dianhai Yang, Xiaohu Dai
Summary: This study investigates the effect of cation exchange resin (CER) on the sequential recovery of hydrogen and methane from anaerobic digestion (AD) and the corresponding mechanisms. The results show that CER can simultaneously enhance the production of hydrogen and methane by promoting the solubilisation, hydrolysis, and acidification of organic matter. Additionally, CER facilitates effective contact between bacteria and organic particulates and reduces the energy barrier for mass transfer during methane production. The study also reveals changes in the microbial community structure and metagenomics during the AD process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojing Lin, Zhan Jin, Shunfeng Jiang, Zhiquan Wang, Suqing Wu, Ke Bei, Min Zhao, Xiangyong Zheng
Summary: Dehumidification combined with addition of absorbent resin supplement (ARS) was used to achieve rapid evaporation of non-pretreated urine, resulting in high water evaporation efficiency and nutrient recovery.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yangli Che, Chaoran Lin, Shen Li, Jiao Liu, Longhai Zhu, Shilei Yu, Nan Wang, Haoshuai Li, Mutai Bao, Yang Zhou, Tonghao Si, Rui Bao
Summary: Hydrodynamic processes play a crucial role in the transmission of sediments, microbial assembly, and organic carbon redistribution in the ocean. Through experiments and analysis, we found that hydrodynamics shape the assembly of microbial communities and control the redistribution of different sourced organic carbon, thereby influencing microbial-mediated biogeochemical transformation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chao Chen, Yu Yang, Nigel J. D. Graham, Zhenyu Li, Xingtao Yang, Zhining Wang, Nadia Farhat, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Li -an Hou
Summary: The fouling of seawater reverse osmosis membranes is a persistent challenge in desalination. This study monitored the operational performance of a desalination plant for 7 years and the fouling development in different areas of membrane modules. The findings showed that operational performance declined over time and fouling mainly occurred at the feed side of the modules, with the highest microbial diversity. Keystone species like Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes played an important role in maintaining community structure and biofilm maturation. Polysaccharides, soluble microbial products, marine humic acid-like substances, and inorganic substances contributed to fouling. Overall, biofouling had a significant impact on membrane fouling after 7 years of operation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dan Li, Jieyi Sun, Yibo Fu, Wentao Hong, Heli Wang, Qian Yang, Junhong Wu, Sen Yang, Jianhui Xu, Yunfei Zhang, Yirong Deng, Yin Zhong, Ping'an Peng
Summary: Sulfidation-oxidation treatment of magnetite (Fe3O4) enhances the production of dark center dot OH, which can efficiently degrade dissolved organic matter (DOM) and accelerate carbon cycling.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cheng Yu, Kaijun Wang, Kaiyuan Zhang, Ruiyang Liu, Pingping Zheng
Summary: This study implemented a microaerobic-aerobic configuration in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment facility and investigated the effects on sludge characteristics, pollutant removal, microbial community, and granulation mechanisms. The results showed successful transition from flocculent-activated sludge to well-defined AGS after two months of operation. The primary pathways for pollutant removal were simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. Moreover, the incorporation of internal separators induced shifts in the flow pattern, which promoted granulation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Zhang, Shaoyang Hu, Guangrong Sun, Wei Wang
Summary: Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as halogenated phenols, have garnered widespread attention due to their high toxicity and prevalence. This study reports on the analysis, occurrence, and cytotoxicity of a group of emerging halogenated aromatic DBPs, known as halogenated polyhydroxyphenols (HPPs), in drinking water.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shengyue Chen, Jinliang Huang, Peng Wang, Xi Tang, Zhenyu Zhang
Summary: Accurate prediction of river water quality is crucial for sustainable water management. This study introduces wavelet analysis and transfer learning techniques to assist LSTM modeling, proposing a newly coupled modeling approach that improves short-term prediction of river water quality.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bang Du, Xinmin Zhan, Piet N. L. Lens, Yifeng Zhang, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Efficient anaerobic digestion relies on the cooperation of different microorganisms with different metabolic pathways. This study investigated the effects of different operational modes and the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ethanol metabolic pathways. The results showed that the SBR mode and the presence of CO2 facilitated ethanol metabolism towards propionate production, while the CFR mode with extended solids retention time enriched Geobacter. Adjusting operational modes and PAC addition can modulate anaerobic ethanol metabolism and enrich Geobacter.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wanfa Wang, Si-Liang Li, Jun Zhong, Yuanbi Yi, Fujun Yue, Zenglei Han, Qixin Wu, Ding He, Cong-Qiang Liu
Summary: This study compares the carbon biogeochemical processes in karst and non-karst regions within large thermal stratified river-reservoir systems. The results demonstrate that karst reservoirs have a reduced potential for carbon emissions and highlight the importance of considering geologic settings to improve accuracy in regional and global CO2 emission estimates.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chunxia Jiang, Zelong Zhao, Dong Zhu, Xiong Pan, Yuyi Yang
Summary: This study analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different environmental media of the Yangtze River using metagenomics. Core resistome dominated by multidrug resistance genes was found in all samples, while rare resistome dominated by various resistance genes was more prevalent in plasmids. Specific bacteria were identified as hosts for both core and rare resistomes, with high clinical concern ARGs found in the rare resistome. Particle-associated environment provided the most ideal conditions for resistome hosts. This study provided insights into the genetic locations of ARGs and the community assembly mechanisms of ARG hosts in freshwater environments.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Zhang, Yongtao He, Linchun Jia, Lei Xu, Zheng Wang, Yueling He, Ling Xiong, Xumeng Lin, Hong Chen, Gang Xue
Summary: By synergizing organic carbon source, thiosulfate, and zero-valent iron, efficient mixotrophic denitrification of oligotrophic secondary effluent can be achieved. Thiosulfate plays a vital role in promoting TN removal efficiency, while corrosion of Fe0 releases OH- to neutralize H+ from thiosulfate-driven denitrification, creating a suitable environment for denitrification. The coordination of thiosulfate and Fe0 maintains the dominance of Thiobacillus for denitrification.
