Review
Environmental Sciences
Christiana Adebola Odubela, Haryati Yaacob, Muhammad Naqiuddin Bin Mohd Warid, Khairil Juhanni Binti Abd Karim, Wyom Paul Zakka
Summary: This study analyzed the current knowledge and trends in using rejuvenators in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) using systematic analysis and visualization tools. The study identified core research domains and key clusters based on keywords, as well as top authors, influential journals, institutions, and countries in this research area. This study provides valuable information for policymakers and researchers interested in further research on RAP.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lekhaz Devulapalli, Saravanan Kothandaraman, Goutham Sarang
Summary: This study demonstrated that incorporating rejuvenators can improve the performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures, with the choice and dosage of rejuvenators affecting the maximum tensile strength, fracture energy, and flexibility index of the mixtures. The SMA mixture with 30% RAP content and 6% waste vegetable oil (WVO) performed the best in terms of fracture characteristics.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mukul Rathore, Viktors Haritonovs, Remo Merijs Meri, Martins Zaumanis
Summary: Rejuvenators improve the performance of reclaimed asphalt mixtures and have a significant impact on the stiffness of the binder. Binders aged in the long term show better fatigue life, and all rejuvenated binders exhibit rutting performance comparable to virgin binder. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows increased carbonyl peak intensity after long-term aging, but the effect of aging on sulfonyl index remains unclear.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
M. C. Cavalli, E. Mazza, M. Zaumanis, L. D. Poulikakos
Summary: In this study, three different bio-based rejuvenators were added to the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder to investigate their effects on microstructure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quantitative nanomechanical mapping (QNM) were used to analyze the changes in surface elastic moduli. The results indicate that the addition of rejuvenators influences the microstructure and mechanical properties of RAP, providing insights into the relationship between surface and bulk properties of bitumen.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wei Tang, Xin Yu, Ning Li, Fuqiang Dong, Zhongyuan Wang, Yu Zhang
Summary: The study compared the performance of two types of rejuvenators in reclaimed mixtures and found that using an emulsified rejuvenator can reduce mixing torque and air void content, thereby improving the workability and high-temperature stability of reclaimed mixtures.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hassan Ziari, Barat Mojaradi, Seyed Amir Saadatjoo, Amir Amini, Vahid Najafi Moghaddam Gilani, Seyed Mohsen Hosseinian
Summary: The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for recycled asphalt mixture has gained attention due to reduced landfill space and the conservation of natural resources. Incorporating rejuvenators, such as Cyclogen and vacuum bottom (VB), is an effective method to promote the utilization of RAP materials in hot mix asphalt (HMA) production. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Cyclogen and VB rejuvenators on the performance of RAP mixtures in terms of moisture sensitivity, rutting resistance, and tensile strength. Laboratory tests showed that RAP materials improved the tensile strength, rutting resistance, and moisture sensitivity of asphalt samples. Increasing RAP content further enhanced the rutting resistance and permanent deformations of asphalt samples. The addition of RAP also increased the resilient modulus and tensile strength, with the extent of increase depending on the RAP content applied. Furthermore, the use of rejuvenators decreased tensile strength, resilient modulus, and strain creep, while increasing the moisture sensitivity of RAP mixtures.
ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Kavitha Karthikeyan, Saravanan Kothandaraman, Goutham Sarang
Summary: In the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in recycling materials from the construction sector due to their environmental benefits. One material that has gained importance is the Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) from demolished flexible pavement. RAP has been experimented with as a potential replacement for pristine aggregates in concrete pavements. However, more efforts are needed to improve the strength of RAP-concrete and explore its full potential for sustainable concrete pavements.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mehrdad Asadi Azadgoleh, Mohammad Mahdi Mohammadi, Ali Ghodrati, Seyed Sina Sharifi, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Palizban, Arman Ahmadi, Ehsan Vahidi, Pooyan Ayar
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of contaminant leaching from asphalt pavements, including evaluation of leaching measurement methods, leaching from recycled asphalt materials, leaching characteristics of porous asphalt pavements, and waste-modified asphalt mixtures. It also offers critical discussions on bibliometric data, literature content, and knowledge gaps, aiming to assist highway agencies and environmental scientists in tackling this issue. Furthermore, potential research directions are suggested for future studies.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xingyu Yi, Huimin Chen, Houzhi Wang, Chenguang Shi, Jun Yang
Summary: The study explored the feasibility of using epoxy asphalt for recycling mixtures containing 100% RAP, with the recycled mixture showing better rutting resistance but inferior fatigue performance compared to virgin epoxy asphalt. The low temperature cracking resistance and moisture susceptibility of the recycled mixture were similar to the virgin mixture.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gurunath Guduru, Kranthi K. Kuna
Summary: This study proposes an approach to characterize and classify Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) material using simple indicative tests. Through experiments on 11 RAP sources, it was found that the material can be effectively characterized based on fragmentation and cohesion tests. Hierarchical clustering analysis clustered the RAP sources into three distinguishable categories, for which classification limits were proposed.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Md Ashrafuzzaman Khan, Anand J. Puppala
Summary: According to Federal Highway Administration Policy, selecting recycled material as pavement material is the top priority, but its quality must meet minimum standards. A study was conducted to enhance the performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material using geocell. The results showed that geocell reinforcement reduced permanent deformation and controlled longitudinal cracking, while also enhancing the stiffness of the RAP layer.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gurunath Guduru, Kranthi K. Kuna
Summary: This study proposes a framework to establish allowable limits for RAP content in HMA based on indicative tests on the RAP material. The framework can be adopted by road agencies to develop limits for different mix types. The study uses fragmentation and cohesion tests to classify RAP and proposes allowable limits based on the performance characteristics of Bituminous Concrete with varying amounts of RAP. The results validate the classification approach.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hassan Ziari, Mojtaba Hajiloo, Pooyan Ayar
Summary: This study investigated the effect of adding recycling agents (RAs) at different locations in the manufacturing process of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The results showed that the optimal location for adding RAs varies depending on the type of RA used. Proper placement of RAs can improve the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures containing RAP.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jingjing Xiao, Teng Wang, Jinlong Hong, Chong Ruan, Yufei Zhang, Dongdong Yuan, Wangjie Wu
Summary: This study aims to analyze the road performance of recycled permeable asphalt mixtures (RPAMs), representing a novel direction for utilizing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The results showed that increasing RAP content improves high-temperature performance but deteriorates low-temperature performance, water stability, and anti-raveling performance. However, increasing RAP preheating temperature can improve low-temperature and water stability but may reduce high-temperature performance. The optimal RAP preheating temperature for pavement performance is between 140 and 150 °C. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing RAP for paving permeable asphalt pavement under controlled conditions. Rating: 7/10.
Review
Construction & Building Technology
M. K. Diptikanta Rout, Sabyasachi Biswas, Kumar Shubham, Abdhesh Kumar Sinha
Summary: Recently, there has been an increase in the waste of asphalt pavement materials in India due to cost and economic factors. As a solution, the use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) has been growing worldwide as an alternative to virgin materials. This comprehensive paper evaluates the utilization of RAP aggregates in road construction through characterization, strength, durability, and micro-structure analysis, as well as life cycle analysis. It also highlights the need for sustainable pavement structures and recommends optimal proportions of substitute materials for rigid pavement systems.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Peter Mikhailenko, Zhengyin Piao, Muhammad Rafiq Kakar, Moises Bueno, Sahand Athari, Reto Pieren, Kurt Heutschi, Lily Poulikakos
Summary: Traffic noise is a persistent form of environmental pollution that negatively affects human health in urban environments. This literature review examines the constantly evolving low-noise asphalt pavement technologies and evaluation techniques for researchers and professionals in the field. Various test methods for assessing the acoustic properties of asphalt pavements are discussed, including both laboratory and field environments. The Close-Proximity (CPX) method is the most commonly used field test, followed by Statistical Pass-By (SPB) and On-Board Sound Intensity (OBSI) methods. Additionally, methods for measuring non-acoustic characteristics relevant to noise, such as surface texture, porosity, and airflow resistivity, are reviewed. Porous asphalt concrete (PAC) and its variants are found to consistently exhibit low-noise properties, although they do have some limitations in terms of durability and maintenance. Various prediction models for acoustical performance are also discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Rolands Izaks, Mukul Rathore, Viktors Haritonovs, Martins Zaumanis
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of HMAC mixtures incorporating high content of RA material. The results show that satisfactory performance can be achieved by using PMB binder, especially for use in regions with extremely cold winters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lily D. Poulikakos, William Buttlar, Nicolas Schuwer, Davide Lo Presti, Tobias Balmer, Moises Bueno
Summary: Laboratory scale mechanical performances of asphalt mixtures modified with engineered crumb rubber were investigated, showing that ECR mixtures performed well in most aspects and met relevant standard requirements. In advanced testing, ECR mixtures performed similarly to reference polymer mixtures in high temperature tests, but slightly worse in semi-dense mixtures, while performing similarly or better in low temperature tests.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hamzeh F. Haghshenas, Robert Rea, Gerald Reinke, Martins Zaumanis, Elham Fini
Summary: This study found that recycling agents can affect the softening and long-term performance of modified binders, but only a few can restore the rheological properties of binders. Experimental results show a strong linear relationship between the colloidal index and the chemo-rheological properties of binders.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mukul Rathore, Viktors Haritonovs, Remo Merijs Meri, Martins Zaumanis
Summary: Rejuvenators improve the performance of reclaimed asphalt mixtures and have a significant impact on the stiffness of the binder. Binders aged in the long term show better fatigue life, and all rejuvenated binders exhibit rutting performance comparable to virgin binder. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows increased carbonyl peak intensity after long-term aging, but the effect of aging on sulfonyl index remains unclear.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Martins Zaumanis, Lukas Boesiger, Bernhard Kunz, Henry Mazzoni, Peter Bruhin, Samuel Mazor, Lily Poulikakos
Summary: Three indexes, Chunk index, Breakdown index, and Filler increase index (CBF indexes), are proposed to evaluate RAP processing methods, allowing for quantitative comparison and optimization of crusher configuration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengyin Piao, Moises Bueno, Lily D. Poulikakos, Stefanie Hellweg
Summary: This study utilized life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of rubberized semi-dense asphalt pavement. Two scenarios were considered, with the results indicating that reducing waste tires used for clinker production did not improve the environmental impacts of the pavement.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Marjan Tusar, Muhammad Rafiq Kakar, Lily D. Poulikakos, Emiliano Pasquini, Andrea Baliello, Marco Pasetto, Laurent Porot, Di Wang, Augusto Cannone Falchetto, Davide Dalmazzo, Davide Lo Presti, Gaspare Giancontieri, Aikaterini Varveri, Rosa Veropalumbo, Nunzio Viscione, Kamilla Vasconcelos, Alan Carter
Summary: Inter-laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of directly blending plastic waste into bitumen and to assess the properties of the blends using various testing methods. The experiments showed that the addition of plastic waste does not chemically alter the bitumen. The performance of the blends varied with temperature, with the bitumen and plastic waste behaving elastically at low temperatures and the bitumen becoming viscoelastic at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the blends with plastic waste exhibited better fatigue performance in terms of stress and fatigue life.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Peter Mikhailenko, Martin Arraigada, Zhengyin Piao, Lily D. Poulikakos
Summary: The incorporation of waste materials into road materials can reduce the consumption of virgin materials and provide an alternative destination for waste. This study focuses on the use of construction waste fillers in semidense asphalt mixtures and found that the filler replacement has little impact on the stiffness modulus, slightly lowers the fatigue resistance, but has a similar damage rate.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lily D. Poulikakos, Emiliano Pasquini, Marjan Tusar, David Hernando, Di Wang, Peter Mikhailenko, Marco Pasetto, Andrea Baliello, Augusto Cannone Falchetto, Miomir Miljkovic, Marko Oreskovic, Nunzio Viscione, Nikhil Saboo, Gabriel Orozco, Eric Lachance-Tremblay, Michel Vaillancourt, Muhammad Rafiq Kakar, Nicolas Bueche, Jan Stoop, Lacy Wouters, Davide Dalmazzo, Gustavo Pinheiro, Kamilla Vasconcelos, Fernando Moreno Navarro
Summary: This research investigated the performance of asphalt mixtures modified with polyethylene (PE) waste. The results showed that the PE modified mixtures had better compactability, higher stiffness, lower creep rate, and improved resistance to permanent deformation compared to the control mixtures. The wheel tracking tests also indicated similar or better results when 1.5% PE was added to the control mixture. The findings suggest that using PE as a performance-enhancing additive in asphalt pavements is a viable and environmentally friendly option.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Microscopy
Nancy A. Burnham, Lei Lyu, Lily Poulikakos
Summary: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a valuable tool for studying nanoscale structures, but the interpretation of AFM images can be influenced by artefacts. In this paper, we discuss the common problems and provide solutions based on our study of 'bee' structures in asphalt binder using AFM and its variations AFM-IR and PF-QNM. Our aim is to help researchers present their results accurately and improve the quality of AFM research.
JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lei Lyu, Jianzhong Pei, Nancy A. Burnham, Elham H. Fini, Lily D. Poulikakos
Summary: The translation discusses the effects of thermal oxidation and ultraviolet exposure on asphalt binders, the aging-induced evolution of nanoscale domains, and the effectiveness of adding rubber and bio-oils for delaying aging. The study reveals that different domains in the asphalt binder react differently to aging, and bio-modification enhances the stability of the domains, delaying aging.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Martins Zaumanis, Lily Poulikakos, Martin Arraigada, Bernhard Kunz, Urs Schellenberg, Christoph Gassmann
Summary: The study found that adding 30% to 50% Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) into polymer-modified mixtures can achieve good performance, including crack propagation resistance, fatigue resistance, stiffness, and rutting resistance. Recommendations for the use of RAP in polymer-modified layers are provided based on these findings.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
