Article
Environmental Sciences
Mengxue Ling, Dachao Ma, Xuan Hu, Zheng Liu, Dongbo Wang, Qingge Feng
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the hydrothermal dechlorination of PVC plastics, including reactors, process variables, fundamentals, applications, and challenges. Catalytic hydrothermal and co-hydrothermal reactions are found to optimize the dechlorination process. The hydrochar derived from PVC plastics has potential as a low-chlorine solid fuel and adsorbent or energy storage materials. Future studies should focus on waste liquid treatment, energy and economic balance, reducing reaction conditions, and expanding product applications to promote the implementation of hydrothermal treatment of PVC plastic wastes.
Article
Polymer Science
Douglas Hungwe, Satomi Hosokawa, Hao Xu, Yuki Yamasaki
Summary: The role of NaOH in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dehydrochlorination was studied, and its influence on the physicochemical evolution and reaction kinetics of PVC was examined. NaOH effectively prevented particle agglomeration and autocatalysis, leading to a significant reduction in particle size. The apparent activation energy was reduced due to the pronounced autocatalysis in 2 M NaOH.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Vahab Ghalandari, Adam Scannell, Toufiq Reza
Summary: This study successfully reduced the chlorine content in waste polyvinyl chloride through catalytic high-temperature hydrothermal treatment. The results showed that the dechlorination efficiency reached 99.01% at 350 degrees Celsius and 1 hour using a 10 wt% Pd/C catalyst.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yang Yu, Bingxing Zhu, Yindi Ding, Panpan Li, Shifu Ge
Summary: This study proposes co-hydrothermal carbonization of food waste digestate and PVC, and evaluates the effects of hydrothermal temperature and holding time on PVC's dechlorination performance and the products' fuel characteristics. The results show that co-HTC has a synergistic effect on the dechlorination of digestates and PVC, with the highest dechlorination efficiency of 91.58%.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Katsuki Kusakabe, Anna Nagai, Wai Hong Leong, Kouki Yamasaka, Takuro Nakaaki, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Kazutoshi Ikenaga
Summary: Solvothermal treatment using glycerol effectively removes chlorine from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and converts it into solid products. Glycerol can be directly converted into glycidol and can also produce epichlorohydrin through the intermediate 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol. The treated PVC is resinified through an epoxidation reaction with glycidol and epichlorohydrin.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaoluan Lu, Xiaoqian Ma, Zhen Qin, Xinfei Chen, Limei Chen, Yunlong Tian
Summary: The study found that the co-hydrothermal carbonization method can efficiently convert sewage sludge and polyvinyl chloride into hydrochar, removing heavy metals and reducing toxicity. The performance of hydrochar is influenced by the mixing ratio, with a 7:3 ratio of SS to PVC showing the best fuel properties.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fu-Rong Xiu, Ruiqi Yang, Yingying Qi, Ke Zhou, Jiali Wang, Wenting Shao, Haipeng Zhou, Longsheng Zhan
Summary: A high-efficiency and low-temperature subcritical water treatment for dechlorination of PVC using waste concrete as an enhancer was proposed in this study. The dechlorination efficiency of PVC could be enhanced to as high as 95.04% by introducing waste concrete. This method not only effectively treats PVC waste and reduces environmental risks, but also achieves the resource utilization of waste concrete.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yixian Xue, Li Bai, Mingshu Chi, Xiuling Xu, Zhao Chen, Kecheng Yu, Zhi Liu
Summary: The co-hydrothermal carbonization method of acid-base pretreated straw and PVC proposed in the study effectively enhances the synergistic effect of the reaction, leading to increased energy density and dechlorination efficiency of the product. Alkali pretreatment increases cellulose content and accelerates hydrothermal reactions, while acid pretreatment strengthens the substitution reaction of Cl in the co-HTC process.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhongkui Ruan, Shaohua Wang, Shuhui Zhang, Xiaowei Duan, Juan Chen, Xiaohan Ren
Summary: This paper investigates the leaching of valuable metals from waste lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) using waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a source of hydrochloric acid under subcritical water treatment conditions. The study explores the effects of various parameters on metal leaching and finds that optimal reaction conditions can effectively leach Li and Fe from the waste material. The findings suggest that subcritical water synergistic waste PVC technology is a promising and eco-friendly method for recovering Li and Fe from waste lithium iron phosphate.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Douglas Hungwe, Satomi Hosokawa, Hao Xu, Lu Ding, Yuki Yamasaki
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Fe2+ and Ni2+ on urea-assisted hydrothermal dechlorination of PVC. The presence of these ions significantly improved the dechlorination degree, with the best catalytic activity observed at temperatures between 217.5-222.5°C. The ions prevented adhesive contact of PVC particles, limiting mass-transfer resistance and autocatalytic effects. This research suggests that using Fe-Ni composites as catalysts may be more appropriate than stainless-steel reactors for PVC degradation chemistry determination.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Fangming Yang, Xin Liu, Mengbin Li, Clement Uguna, Wenlong Wang, Chenggong Sun
Summary: Hydrothermal dechlorination was used to recycle used PVC pipe, and it was found that metal additives can accelerate the dechlorination process. Activated carbons with high CO2 adsorption capacity were successfully prepared from the resulting hydrochar. This work provides an effective and sustainable strategy for recycling hard-to-handle chlorinated plastic waste and reducing carbon emissions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Dongsheng Chen, Keping Zhang, Junqian Yang, Xi Zhang, Yanan Zhang
Summary: The effects of ultrasonic and hydrothermal treatment on the properties of walnut shell/attapulgite/polyvinyl chloride composites were investigated. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment improved the wear resistance and mechanical strength of the composites, while hydrothermal treatment improved the thermal stability and hardness. Both treatments have the potential to enhance the performance of wood-plastic composites as environmentally friendly pretreatment methods.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chuncheng Ke, Xiaoqian Ma, Weihua Zheng, Lin Chen, Yuting Tang
Summary: Hydrothermal carbonization had little effect on the volatilization behavior of cadmium and lead, but could reduce the volatilization rate of zinc. Although the absolute volatilization rates of chromium and nickel increased, the total emissions of heavy metals decreased. Hydrothermal carbonization at 230 degrees Celsius showed the most significant reductions in absolute volatilization rates of heavy metals.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Theoneste Nshizirungu, Masud Rana, Young Tae Jo, Jeong-Hun Park
Summary: This research presents an efficient route for leaching valuable metals from waste LIBs using CPVC, achieving maximum extraction efficiencies of 99.15% for Li, 98.10% for Ni, 99.30% for Co, and 100% for Mn. The results suggest potential contributions towards reducing chemical consumption in industry and enhancing sustainability in waste management techniques.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zhongping Huang, Mengjuan Sun, Yin Zheng, Yu Han, Huijun Liu, Jian Shen
Summary: A method for the determination of polyvinyl chloride by micro sample pretreatment technique combined with ion chromatography was developed. The method involved placing the PVC sample in a sealed glass capillary with deionized water for pyrolysis and absorption of hydrogen chloride. The diluted absorption liquid was analyzed using ion chromatography, with good precision and accuracy observed. The proposed method showed consistency with the referenced oxygen flask combustion method. (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Weiming Huang, Ruichi Zhang, Apostolos Giannis, Chuanhao Li, Chao He
Summary: Due to the high moisture and protein contents in sewage sludge, conventional thermal treatment methods are inefficient and lead to the emission of harmful nitrogen-containing gases. This study proposes a sequential hydrothermal carbonization and CO2 gasification system to improve gasification efficiency and reduce NOx precursor emissions in sewage sludge treatment. Through comprehensive investigations, it was found that CO2 gasification of hydrochar derived from sewage sludge resulted in reduced tar formation, increased calorific value of syngas, and decreased production of NOx precursors. Catalytic tar decomposition and Boudouard reaction were responsible for these improvements. Additionally, a lower portion of CO2 (ca. 20%) was found to be more effective in mitigating NOx precursor emissions. Overall, this research provides valuable knowledge for achieving significant abatement of NOx precursors and improved syngas production during CO2 gasification.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Candie Xie, Ye Xiao, Chao He, Wen-Shen Liu, Ye-Tao Tang, Shizhong Wang, Antony van der Ent, Jean Louis Morel, Marie-Odile Simonnot, Rong-Liang Qiu
Summary: In this study, a sulfuric acid assisted ethanol fractionation method was developed to separate and purify REE compounds from D. linearis bio-ore and produce value-added chemicals, opening up the possibility for simultaneous recovery of REEs and production of value-added chemicals from REE bio-ore refining.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yizhong Zhang, Liuchang Wang, Ruichi Zhang, Chao He, Lixia Jia, Xunliang Wang, Xuemin Feng, Tianxiang Jiang, Baolong Xie, Xiaolei Ma, Junrui Cao, Yuhui Ma, Xin Tan, Tao Yu
Summary: A template confinement-ligand anchoring strategy was developed to improve the defluoridation capacity of zirconium hydroxides. This strategy involves confined growth of zirconium hydroxide inside chitosan hydrogel beads and subsequent anchoring of fumaric acid on its surface Zr sites. The electron-withdrawing ability of fumaric acid increases the orbital energy level matching and promotes hybridization with fluoride ions, leading to the formation of robust Zr-F bonds and enhanced defluoridation capacity.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenyu Wang, Xiaolong Ling, Chaoyue Wu, Chao He, Biao Gui, Weibo Sun
Summary: Phosphorus is an important resource found in dewatered cyanobacteria, and its transformation during supercritical water gasification (SCWG) has rarely been studied. This study investigated the effect of K+ on phosphorus transformation under neutral and alkaline conditions during SCWG of dewatered cyanobacteria. The results showed that K+ increased the proportion of phosphorus in the solid phase and promoted the transformation of iron-combined phosphorus to calcium-combined phosphorus and occluded phosphate. Only in the alkaline environment was the proportion of phosphorus significantly reduced, allowing for its transfer to liquid products through the decomposition and transformation by OH-. This study laid a foundation for more environmentally friendly and efficient hydrogen production and phosphorus recovery.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pooi-Ling Koo, Zheng-Yi Choong, Chao He, Yueping Bao, Nur Farhana Jaafar, Wen-Da Oh
Summary: A facile hydrothermal method was used to prepare Me-doped Bi2Fe4O9 as a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The Cu-doped Bi2Fe4O9 at 0.08 wt.% showed the highest catalytic activity among the Me-doped Bi2Fe4O9 samples. The synergistic interaction between Cu, Fe, and oxygen vacancies played a key role in enhancing the performance of Me-doped Bi2Fe4O9.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yixuan Zhang, Jianchao Liu, Chenyang Jing, Runren Jiang, Xiqiang Zheng, Chao He, Wenliang Ji
Summary: BPS, as a substitute for BPA, has lower toxicity. However, the ecological impact and toxicology effect of BPS on aquatic organisms with multigenerational exposure are still unclear. This study shows that chronic exposure to low concentrations of BPS can have adverse effects on population health of aquatic organisms with short breeding cycles, highlighting the necessity to assess the ecotoxicology of BPS exposure for public health.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinghua Ren, Haochen Shi, Jianchao Liu, Chaoya Zheng, Guanghua Lu, Shefeng Hao, Yang Jin, Chao He
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence, source apportionment, and ecological risks of antibiotics in soils and irrigation rivers of a farmland system. The concentration range of antibiotics in soils, sediments, and water was determined. The main sources of antibiotic contamination in soils were irrigation of sewage-receiving water and manure application from livestock farming. Quinolones and tetracyclines were the most abundant antibiotics in irrigation rivers, posing high risks to aquatic organisms.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Vishakha Kaim, Jukka Rintala, Chao He
Summary: The increasing generation of e-waste poses a significant risk of REEs pollution if not properly disposed of. However, e-waste could be a secondary source for critical REEs mining. This review focuses on the selective recovery of REEs from e-waste using IL extraction as a sustainable alternative to traditional solvents. The use of ILs shows promising results in terms of extractability and selectivity, although further research is needed for real e-waste extraction efficiency and recovery rate.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fahim Fayaz, Chao He, Avishek Goel, Jukka Rintala, Jukka Konttinen
Summary: Oxidative ethanol dry reforming using 10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst is a promising method to produce high-quality syngas, which can be upgraded to liquid biofuels and chemicals. Increasing the reaction temperature improves the conversion of ethanol and CO2, and yields higher amounts of H2 and CO.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Avishek Goel, Arnold Ismailov, Elyas M. Moghaddam, Chao He, Jukka Konttinen
Summary: Biomass Chemical Looping Gasification (BCLG) is a cost-effective and efficient alternative to conventional gasification. The study investigated various oxygen carriers (OCs), including industrial wastes, residential waste, and natural ore, and evaluated their reactivity, selectivity, material strength, and sintering behavior. Nickel slag calcined at 1100 degrees C was identified as the most promising OC material for BCLG, with optimal reactivity, selectivity, material strength, and minimal sintering.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruichi Zhang, Yizhong Zhang, Ronn Goei, Wen-Da Oh, Zhao Zhang, Chao He
Summary: To achieve sound disposal of hyperaccumulator harvested from phytoremediation, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was used to produce high-quality hydrochar adsorbents for phosphate and ammonium removal from water. Different hydrochars were prepared under specific HTC conditions to tailor their properties. The results showed that increasing temperature and reaction time led to better adsorption capacity due to the formation of acidic oxygen functional groups. In a binary system, synergistic adsorption was observed at low solute concentration but competitive adsorption occurred at high solute concentration. Chemisorption was found to dominate the adsorption process, and the adsorption capacity could be improved by adjusting the pHpzc of hydrochar. This study demonstrates the sustainable utilization of hyperaccumulators as nutrients-enriched hydrochar for in-situ phytoremediation of contaminated sites, contributing to a circular economy with minimized environmental risks.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ziting Lin, Jingyong Liu, Haiming Cai, Fatih Evrendilek, Chuanghai Zhu, Fanjin Liang, Wenxiao Huang, Weixin Li, Chao He, Chunxiao Yang, Zuoyi Yang, Sheng Zhong, Wuming Xie, Yao He
Summary: This study evaluates the pyrolytic reaction mechanisms and products of 3D printing waste, providing insights into hazard reduction and resource recovery. The findings demonstrate the potential for turning waste into useful resources.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jinshu Huang, Jiasheng Chen, Zhuochun Huang, Tengyu Liu, Yan Ding, Hu Li, Chao He
Summary: A novel photothermal catalytic strategy was developed using a bio-based SO3H-functionalized graphenelike catalyst, which can efficiently upgrade biomass into high-quality biofuels under solvent-free and room-temperature conditions, and exhibits good stability and recyclability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ruolin Li, Yang Ren, Chengyang Cao, Chao He, Hongyun Hu, Xian Li, Hong Yao
Summary: This study proposes the use of molten salt for the pyrolysis of waste tires and compares the conversion behavior of different particle sizes. The results show that molten salt increases H2 and CH4 content in the pyrolysis gas, removes sulfur and ash from the waste tires.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mohamed Faisal Gasim, Siew-Chun Low, Chao He, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Tuan Sherwyn Hamidon, M. Hazwan Hussin, Wen-Da Oh
Summary: This work presents the preparation and characterization of atomically-dispersed V on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) through a facile calcination method. The V atoms coordinate with the triazine units of g-C3N4, significantly enhancing its catalytic activity in ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The V-CN catalyst shows remarkable tolerance to various conditions and exhibits a nonradical electron-transfer pathway as well as singlet oxygen and sulfate radical generation pathways.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xingxing Hu, Lingjie Liu, Yanmeng Bi, Lu Li, Chunsheng Qiu, Jingjie Yu, Shaopo Wang
Summary: In this study, the impact of exogenous folate on the start-up process of single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) was evaluated using two lab-scale reactors. The results showed that folate addition can enhance nitrogen removal rate, extracellular polymeric substances production, hydrazine oxidase and dehydrogenase activity, as well as the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaocang He, Tingting Shen, Jing Sun, Haoqi Pan, Chenxu Sun, Tianpeng Li, Runyao Li, Enshan Zhang
Summary: A novel process of acid leaching neutralization was developed for the preparation of inorganic polymeric composite ferric aluminum silicate coagulant (CFAS) using solid waste coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS). The optimized preparation process was determined through single-factor experiment and the performance of CFAS was evaluated for domestic sewage treatment. The results showed that CFAS exhibited excellent coagulation ability and achieved significant removal efficiency for turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kinga Szatmari, Sandor Nemeth, Alex Kummer
Summary: In this article, a resilience-based reinforcement learning approach is proposed to address the potential thermal runaway issue in batch reactors. By calculating the resilience metric for reactors and utilizing Deep Q-learning to decide when to intervene in the system, resilient-based mitigation systems can be effectively developed.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingyou Jiang, Qi Yao, Mingqing Su, Jingjing Li, Kunlun Lu, Dawei Ding, Han Hong
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory characteristics and mechanisms of ABC powder on coal powder explosion. The addition of ABC powder significantly decreases the maximum explosion pressure and can completely suppress coal dust explosions. The study also reveals the thermal decomposition characteristics and reaction kinetics of the mixed system.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kubilay Bayramoglu, Mustafa Nuran
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of using pyrolytic oil from waste tires as fuel in diesel engines, and evaluates its energy, exergy, and sustainability. The results indicate that pyrolytic oil has potential as a renewable fuel source with relatively high thermal efficiency.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinru Duan, Yejia Lv, Jiaxing Hong, Jianzhong Wu, Jia Zhang, Yang Yue, Guangren Qian
Summary: This study successfully prepared a tube reactor with optimized catalyst formula, which showed good performance in removing dioxins and other pollutants in the experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiaoyang Du, Xueming Dang, Xiaorong Gan, Xin Cui, Huimin Zhao
Summary: In this study, a photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid system was constructed, which solved the issue of enzyme inactivation caused by high concentration of H2O2 through photocatalytic in-situ H2O2 production, and improved the stability and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The effectiveness of the system in treating phenolic EDCs was confirmed through experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fu-Rong Xiu, Longsheng Zhan, Yingying Qi, Xinyue Lei, Jiali Wang, Haipeng Zhou, Wenting Shao
Summary: This study developed a synergetic and high-efficiency treatment of waste tantalum capacitors (WTCs) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using subcritical water process. The treatment significantly reduced the temperature and reaction time for metal tantalum recovery from WTCs, and improved the dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The optimized conditions resulted in 100% resin conversion efficiency of WTCs and 97.39% dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The interaction between decomposition products of WTCs and PVC produced a high level of benzoic acid.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingda Li, Jiaming Song, Yuting Li, Chaoying Meng, Shuxian Wang, Linghao Zong, Honggang Ye, Yishuai Jing, Feng Teng, Peng Hu, Haibo Fan, Guangde Chen, Xin Zhao
Summary: CdPS3 nanosheets, especially those exfoliated by sodium cholate, have shown highly efficient photocatalytic degradation performance. The strong dark adsorption and dye-sensitized photocatalytic properties of CdPS3 nanosheets contribute to high degradation efficiencies of various pollutants.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongxu Ouyang, Yimei Pang, Bo Liu, Zhirong Wang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion cells under tunnel conditions, considering different states of charge and tunnel ceilings. The results show that the tunnel visibility is affected by the smoke generated during thermal runaway, and the shape of the tunnel ceiling influences the temperature rise differently.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)