Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis, Susan A. Jebb, Matthew Zimmerman, Afolarin Otunla, J. Aaron Henry, Anne Ferrey, Ella Schofield, Jade Kinton, Paul Aveyard, Julian R. Marchesi
Summary: Weight loss is associated with an increase in gut microbiota alpha-diversity and a reduction in intestinal permeability.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbara Dorelli, Francesca Galle, Corrado De Vito, Guglielmo Duranti, Matteo Iachini, Matteo Zaccarin, Jacopo Preziosi Standoli, Roberta Ceci, Ferdinando Romano, Giorgio Liguori, Vincenzo Romano Spica, Stefania Sabatini, Federica Valeriani, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
Summary: The review found that physical activity influences the composition of the human gut microbiota, with active individuals showing higher diversity and prevalence of Firmicutes. However, most studies did not thoroughly consider the potential confounding effects of diet, indicating a need for further research to confirm these findings.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fangfang Xie, Yanli You, Chong Guan, Yuanjia Gu, Fei Yao, Jiatuo Xu
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that physical activity has a preventive effect on infertility by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, reducing gonadotropin levels, elevating immune function, and inhibiting inflammation and circulating sex hormones. High levels of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of infertility compared to low levels, and moderate physical activity also showed a significant reduction in the risk of infertility compared to low activity. However, high levels of physical activity appeared to slightly increase the risk of infertility compared to moderate activity.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Viviana Aya, Paula Jimenez, Enrique Munoz, Juan David Ramirez
Summary: This review examines the impact of exercise intervention or increased physical activity level on the gut microbiota of adults older than 65 and describes the changes in composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota in older subjects who have improved their physical activity level. The study found no significant changes in diversity metrics in almost all the studies, but significant changes in genus-level abundance were observed in older adults who underwent a five-week or longer exercise program.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Carmen Grau-Del Valle, Javier Fernandez, Eva Sola, Inmaculada Montoya-Castilla, Carlos Morillas, Celia Banuls
Summary: Recent studies have shown that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in several diseases, especially mood disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders. A systematic review of 18 articles revealed an association between psychiatric disorders and different bacterial phyla. The studies highlighted a clear relationship between depression, stress, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), psychotic episodes, eating disorders, anxiety, brain function, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, a reduction in fermentative taxa and an increase in pro-inflammatory taxa were observed in different psychiatric disorders.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohammad Salsali, Rahman Sheikhhoseini, Parisa Sayyadi, Julie A. Hides, Mahdis Dadfar, Hashem Piri
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between posture and physical activity. The results showed a weak correlation between physical activity and posture, but no significant association was found. This suggests that multiple biopsychosocial factors may be involved in human posture.
Review
Biology
Stefania Cataldi, Valerio Bonavolonta, Luca Poli, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Michele De Candia, Roberto Carvutto, Ana Filipa Silva, Georgian Badicu, Gianpiero Greco, Francesco Fischetti
Summary: This systematic review explores the relationship between physical activity/exercise and the human gut microbiota. It finds that aerobic exercise is associated with increased diversity in the gut microbiota, while resistance training does not show a significant correlation. Training duration may be related to the abundance of the Prevotella genus. Exercising according to the minimum dose recommended by the World Health Organizations does not have a significant impact on gut microbiota richness and diversity. Intense and prolonged physical exercise may lead to higher abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria. Physical activity does not lead to significant changes in gut microbiota diversity in elderly individuals. The heterogeneity of training parameters, diet control, and sequencing methods are confounding factors in the studies.
Review
Cell Biology
Nur Hannah Rashidah, Siong Meng Lim, Chin Fen Neoh, Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed, Maw Pin Tan, Hui Min Khor, Ai Huey Tan, Siti Hajar Rehiman, Kalavathy Ramasamy
Summary: This systematic review examined the differences in gut microbiota composition and intestinal permeability markers between frail and healthy older adults. The findings suggest that frail older adults have lower gut microbiota diversity, with decreased levels of Firmicutes and increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers and amino acids. These differences may contribute to leaky gut, inflammation, frailty, and sarcopenia in frail older adults.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Adilson Marques, Priscila Marconcin, Andre O. Werneck, Gerson Ferrari, Elvio R. Gouveia, Matthias Kliegel, Miguel Peralta, Andreas Ihle
Summary: The study found that physical activity has a positive impact on dopamine, observable across various participant characteristics, exercise characteristics, and analysis methods. However, the results regarding the impact of dopamine on physical activity were mixed. Therefore, physical exercise has significant effects on dopamine.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jihee Min, Ji Young Kim, Ji Yeong Choi, In Deok Kong
Summary: This systematic review examines the association between physical activity and telomere length in women with breast cancer. The findings indicate that physical activity has a positive impact on delaying telomere length shortening, although the heterogeneous nature of the studies results in inconsistent conclusions. Further research is needed to explore the effects of physical activity on telomere length in breast cancer survivors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiao-jing Guo, Tao Jiang, Xu-xiang Ma, Xiao-juan Hu, Jing-bin Huang, Long-tao Cui, Ji Cui, Xing-hua Yao, Yu-lin Shi, Jun Li, Zhi-ling Guo, Jin-di Lou, Meng-chen Liang, Hong-yuan Fu, Pei Yuan, Jia-yi Liu, Li-ping Tu, Jia-tuo Xu
Summary: The study found that there are diurnal variations in the tongue coating microbiota and gut microbiota, mainly manifested by changes in diversity and relative abundance. Prevotella is a common commensal bacteria found in both the tongue coating and intestines. The results also suggest that the abundance of certain flora in the tongue coating and intestine may exhibit similar changing trends.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Idalecia Cossa-Moiane, Clementine Roucher, Tamlyn Mac Quene, Maiza Campos-Ponce, Nilsa de Deus, Katja Polman, Colleen Doak
Summary: This scoping review summarizes the association between intestinal parasite infections (IPIs) and body composition. Observational studies show that IPIs are associated with lower Body Mass Index (BMI) or being underweight. Some randomized control trials show no significant effect of antiparasitic treatment on body composition, while others show an increase in body fat after treatment.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manfredi D'Afflitto, Advait Upadhyaya, Alicia Green, Madusha Peiris
Summary: This systematic review explores the association between sex hormones and gut microbiota composition and diversity. The findings suggest that estrogen levels in women are associated with the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota, while testosterone levels in men are correlated with specific bacterial species and increased diversity. Women with hormonal disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, have altered gut microbiota compared to healthy women. These findings contribute to our understanding of disease pathogenesis and highlight the potential of microbiota modulation for gastrointestinal disorders.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thaisa Agrizzi Verediano, Hercia Stampini Duarte Martino, Maria Cristina Dias Paes, Elad Tako
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of anthocyanins on gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and physical barrier parameters, finding that anthocyanin supplementation has positive effects on intestinal health, including an increase in beneficial bacteria, a decrease in harmful bacteria, improved gut environment, and increased number of goblet cells.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gavin R. McCormack, Michelle Patterson, Levi Frehlich, Diane L. Lorenzetti
Summary: This systematic review examined the impact of the built environment on the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity. The results showed that approximately 70% of the studies found evidence of an association between the built environment and intervention-facilitated physical activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Viviana Aya, Paula Jimenez, Enrique Munoz, Juan David Ramirez
Summary: This review examines the impact of exercise intervention or increased physical activity level on the gut microbiota of adults older than 65 and describes the changes in composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota in older subjects who have improved their physical activity level. The study found no significant changes in diversity metrics in almost all the studies, but significant changes in genus-level abundance were observed in older adults who underwent a five-week or longer exercise program.