Characterisation of cross-flow above a railway bridge equipped with solid windbreaks

The flow field above a two dimensional model of a railway bridge equipped with solid windbreaks is analysed in a wind tunnel. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to measure the flow velocity in planes perpendicular to the bridge span. The mean velocity components, the two-component turbulent kinetic energy, the turbulence intensities of the velocity fluctuation components and the Reynolds shear stress above the bridge deck are presented. The flow patterns based on the streamlines of the average flow field are analysed. The inclusion of a windbreak produces a separation bubble, that is locked to the bridge deck due to presence of the leeward fence. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the flow field characteristics along the vertical profiles above the railway tracks. The inclusion of the windbreak leads both to an increase of the mean velocity and the turbulence intensity around the catenary contact wires. On the other hand, the flow in the region close to the bridge deck is slowed-down. The effect of the size of the final interrogation window used in the PIV analysis is considered, more particularly on the determination of the mean velocity and turbulence intensity. The results show that a decrease of the final interrogation window leads to an increase of the turbulence intensity when there are no wind protection devices installed on the bridge. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.