Review
Oncology
Rafael Moreno
Summary: The development of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as potential candidates for cancer treatment, particularly in combination with immunotherapy, has shown promising results but faces challenges such as interactions with the immune system, blood, and liver. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as carriers for OVs delivery can overcome these obstacles and improve therapeutic efficacy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Teresa T. Nguyen, Dong Ho Shin, Sagar Sohoni, Sanjay K. Singh, Yisel Rivera-Molina, Hong Jiang, Xuejun Fan, Joy Gumin, Frederick F. Lang, Christopher Alvarez-Breckenridge, Filipa Godoy-Vitorino, Lisha Zhu, W. Jim Zheng, Lijie Zhai, Erik Ladomersky, Kristen L. Lauing, Marta M. Alonso, Derek A. Wainwright, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Juan Fueyo
Summary: This study evaluates the optimization of viroimmunotherapy by targeting specific mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The results suggest that targeting these mechanisms can enhance the immune response against solid tumors and improve the outcomes of virotherapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Masmudur M. Rahman, Grant McFadden
Summary: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a novel cancer treatment modality that selectively target and kill cancer cells while sparing normal ones. Engineered OVs show great potential in clinical trials, but combination therapies with other treatments may further improve their efficacy.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alberto Reale, Arianna Calistri, Jennifer Altomonte
Summary: Oncolytic viruses are a new class of therapeutic agents with multiple mechanisms of action, including direct cancer cell-killing, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. Developing an effective delivery system, such as using carrier cells, is crucial to accelerate the clinical advancement of oncolytic viruses. Mesenchymal stem cells have been heavily investigated as carrier cells due to their inherent tumor tropism.
Review
Immunology
Kimia Kardani, Judit Sanchez Gil, Samuel D. Rabkin
Summary: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal cancer with poor prognosis. Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), which possess self-renewal and tumor-initiating abilities, play a crucial role in driving tumor heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs), genetically-engineered to selectively target and kill cancer cells, including GSCs, have shown promise in clinical trials and can be combined with other therapies to enhance treatment efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Mahdie Jafari, Maryam Kadkhodazadeh, Mina Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi, Nasser Hashemi Goradel, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Arash Arashkia, Shahriyar Abdoli, Zahra Sharifzadeh
Summary: Despite the approval of new drugs and targeted therapies, most cancer types remain difficult to treat due to tumor heterogeneity, immune system evasion, and the complex interaction between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy, which uses viruses to selectively replicate within cancer cells and activate the immune system, has shown promising results. However, challenges such as off-target side effects and non-specific uptake limit its effectiveness as monotherapy. Combining OV with other biotherapeutic agents, such as antibodies and CAR-T cells, has been proposed to enhance the anti-tumor activities of OV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Michael L. Monaco, Omer A. Idris, Karim Essani
Summary: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer and lacks available molecular-based therapeutics. Recurrence and tumor heterogeneity pose challenges to treatment approaches. Immuno-oncolytic viruses (OVs) have shown promise in treating TNBC, and this review summarizes their strategies and testing stages.
Article
Oncology
Galabina Bozhanova, Jehanne Hassan, Lizzie Appleton, Victoria Jennings, Shane Foo, Martin McLaughlin, Charleen M. L. Chan Wah Hak, Emmanuel C. Patin, Eva Crespo-Rodriguez, Gabby Baker, Edward Armstrong, Matthew Chiu, Hardev Pandha, Adel Samson, Victoria Roulstone, Joan Kyula, Richard Vile, Fiona Errington-Mais, Malin Pedersen, Kevin Harrington, Masahiro Ono, Alan Melcher
Summary: Combination therapy of HSV and BRAFi shows potential immunogenicity for BRAF mutant melanoma, but cannot fully control tumor growth. Changes in T cell dynamics within tumors, with relatively maintained antigen signaling in Treg compared with CD4+ effector cells, indicate a therapeutic role for CD4+ effector cells in controlling tumor growth. Depletion of Treg by addition of an anti-CD25 immune checkpoint inhibitor enhances survival and activates immune signaling within tumors.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Mary E. Carter, Andre Koch, Ulrich M. Lauer, Andreas D. Hartkopf
Summary: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer globally, with oncolytic viruses showing promise as a new treatment approach. Several types of oncolytic viruses have been studied in clinical trials, demonstrating clinical activity in patients with different advanced tumors including breast cancer. Further research is needed to explore optimal treatment strategies for breast cancer using oncolytic viruses.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liu Tianyan, Zhang Yu, Cao Yukai, Jiang Shan, Sun Rui, Yin Jiechao, Gao Zhenqiu, Ren Guiping, Wang Zhenzhong, Yu Qingzhong, Sui Guangchao, Sun Xu, Sun Wenying, Xiao Wei, Li Deshan
Summary: The study investigates the direct oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on cancer cells, focusing on susceptibility of cancer cells to virus infection and enhancing virus's ability to lyse cancer cells. The research identified susceptible cancer cells and optimized a wild-type virus to enhance its oncolytic effect, providing a strategy for improving rClone30's oncolytic capacity. The findings highlight that certain cancer cells are more susceptible to infection and enhancing the virus strain can significantly boost the oncolytic effect, especially in susceptible cells.
Article
Oncology
Victoria Roulstone, David Mansfield, Robert J. Harris, Katie Twigger, Christine White, Johann de Bono, James Spicer, Sophia N. Karagiannis, Richard Vile, Hardev Pandha, Alan Melcher, Kevin Harrington
Summary: The study found that patients' responses to reovirus infection are largely unaffected by the concomitant drug treatments tested, providing confidence that RNA viral treatment or infection is compatible with standard of care treatments.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chen Yang, Nanni Hua, Shufang Xie, Yi Wu, Lifeng Zhu, Shibing Wang, Xiangmin Tong
Summary: The incidence of hematological malignancies is on the rise, presenting major challenges such as poor prognosis in elderly patients, recurrence, and high mortality rates. Oncolytic viruses are recognized as an appealing approach for combating cancers, with strategies combining immunotherapy showing promise. Clinical trials involving oncolytic reovirus with immunotherapy drugs in multiple myeloma and preclinical studies combining oncolytic viruses with CAR-T cells are underway, indicating potential for a new, effective treatment approach for hematological malignancies.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mason J. Webb, Ugur Sener, Richard G. Vile
Summary: Despite extensive research and clinical trials, the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor, with an average survival of only 8 months. The search for new, effective treatments for this common brain tumor is crucial. Current advancements in cancer therapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy, have not shown improved outcomes for GBM. Viral therapies are among the approaches being explored, either through selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells or delivering therapeutic genes using viral vectors. This review discusses the mechanisms and current clinical trials of viral therapies for GBM, emphasizing potential breakthroughs for this stagnant field.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qing Wu, Hanwei Huang, Mengchi Sun, Ruizhe Zhang, Junxia Wang, Hanqi Zheng, Chaojie Zhu, Shihua Yang, Xinyuan Shen, Jiaqi Shi, Feng Liu, Wei Wu, Jin Sun, Funan Liu, Hongjun Li, Zhen Gu
Summary: This study describes a virus-concealed tumor-targeting strategy that enables the delivery of oncolytic viruses (OVs) to lung metastasis through systemic administration. The OVs can actively infect, be internalized, and cloak into tumor cells, which are subsequently treated to eliminate their pathogenicity. This Trojan Horse-like vehicle avoids virus neutralization and clearance in the bloodstream and facilitates tumor-targeted delivery with over 110-fold virus enrichment. Additionally, this strategy can function as a tumor vaccine and initiate endogenous adaptive antitumor effects by increasing memory T cells and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Weiyue Ban, Jianhuan Guan, Hanwei Huang, Zhonggui He, Mengchi Sun, Funan Liu, Jin Sun
Summary: Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel immunotherapy that utilizes selective self-replication within cancer cells and oncolytic virus (OV)-mediated immunostimulation to induce anti-tumor responses. Recent advancements in systemic delivery of OVs show promise in expanding the scope of cancer immunotherapy and improving OV delivery efficacy. This review summarizes the general characteristics of OVs, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of OVT, and highlights emerging systemic administration approaches and combination treatments with traditional therapies. The future prospects and challenges of OVT are also discussed.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yosef Laviv, Joshua L. Wang, Matthew P. Anderson, Ekkehard M. Kasper
NEUROSURGICAL REVIEW
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
William D. Todd, Henning Fenselau, Joshua L. Wang, Rong Zhang, Natalia L. Machado, Anne Venner, Rebecca Y. Broadhurst, Satvinder Kaur, Timothy Lynagh, David P. Olson, Bradford B. Lowell, Patrick M. Fuller, Clifford B. Saper
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Victoria Schunemann, Joshua L. Wang, David Dornbos, Patrick P. Youssef, Eric Sribnick, Jeffrey Leonard, Shahid M. Nimjee
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2019)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Victoria Schunemann, Joshua L. Wang, David Dornbos, Patrick P. Youssef, Eric Sribnick, Jeffrey Leonard, Shahid M. Nimjee
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joshua L. Wang, J. Bradley Elder
NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua L. Wang, Rolf F. Barth, Robert Cavaliere, Vinay K. Puduvalli, Pierre Giglio, Russell R. Lonser, J. Bradley Elder
Article
Oncology
Kristin Huntoon, Mark Damante, Joshua Wang, Thomas Olencki, J. Bradley Elder
Summary: Patient survival with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved with the use of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy. The role of aggressive local management with surgery and/or radiation may diminish in the treatment of brain metastases. A retrospective study found that surgical resection may benefit RCC patients with brain metastasis in the setting of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy. Prospective clinical trials are needed to further understand the role of aggressive treatment for RCC brain metastasis.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Joshua D. Palmer, Haley K. Perlow, Jennifer K. Matsui, Cindy Ho, Rahul N. Prasad, Kevin Liu, Rituraj Upadhyay, Brett Klamer, Joshua Wang, Mark Damante, Jayeeta Ghose, Dukagjin M. Blakaj, Sasha Beyer, John Grecula, Andrea Arnett, Evan Thomas, Arnab Chakravarti, Russell Lonser, Douglas Hardesty, Daniel Prevedello, Roshan Prabhu, James B. Elder, Raju R. Raval
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of pre-operative fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) for brain metastasis. The results showed that pre-operative FSRT had a lower composite endpoint event rate compared to post-operative single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), indicating its safety and effectiveness in reducing adverse outcomes. Further prospective validation is needed.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Mark A. Damante, Joshua L. Wang, J. Bradley Elder
Summary: Advancements in surgical techniques, radiation therapy, and systemic treatments have improved survival rates for patients with brain metastases. However, increased survival rates have led to a rise in local disease recurrence. Managing recurrent brain metastases can involve re-resection, irradiation, systemic therapy, and laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). LITT has shown promise as a minimally invasive option for patients who cannot undergo traditional craniotomy. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the role of LITT in managing recurrent brain metastases.
Article
Oncology
Haley K. Perlow, Cindy Ho, Jennifer K. Matsui, Rahul N. Prasad, Brett G. Klamer, Joshua Wang, Mark Damante, Rituraj Upadhyay, Evan Thomas, Dukagjin M. Blakaj, Sasha Beyer, Russell Lonser, Douglas Hardesty, Raju R. Raval, Roshan Prabhu, James B. Elder, Joshua D. Palmer
Summary: The standard treatment for large brain metastases is surgical resection followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). However, post-operative SRS is associated with high rates of local failure and complications. Pre-operative fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) may have less toxicity and better outcomes.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Cindy Ho, Haley Perlow, Alex Ritter, Yevgeniya Gokun, Jennifer Matsui, Joshua Wang, Mark Damante, Dukagjin Blakaj, Sasha Beyer, Evan Thomas, Russell Lonser, Douglas Hardesty, Raju Raval, Joshua Palmer, James Elder
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Haley Perlow, Cindy Ho, Jennifer Matsui, Rahul Prasad, Brett Klamer, Joshua Wang, Mark Damante, Dukagjin Blakaj, Sasha Beyer, Russell Lonser, Douglas Hardesty, Raju Raval, Roshan Prabhu, James Elder, Joshua Palmer
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Nicholas Musgrave, Kristin Huntoon, Joshua Wang, Douglas Hardesty, Daniel Prevedello, Russell Lonser, Bradley Elder
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Joshua Lee Wang, Christopher Hong, Mark Damante, James Elder
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2018)