Exploring the extent to which fluctuations in ice-rafted debris reflect mass changes in the source ice sheet: a model-observation comparison using the last British-Irish Ice Sheet

The British and Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) was highly dynamic during the Late Quaternary, with considerable regional differences in the timing and extent of its change. This was reflected in equally variable offshore ice-rafted debris (IRD) records. Here we reconcile these two records using the FRUGAL intermediate complexity iceberg-climate model, with varying BIIS catchment-level iceberg fluxes, to simulate change in IRD origin and magnitude along the western European margin at 1000-year time steps during the height of the last BIIS glaciation (31-6 ka bp). This modelled IRD variability is compared with existing IRD records from the deep ocean at five cores along this margin. There is general agreement of the temporal and spatial IRD variability between observations and model through this period. The Porcupine Bank off northwestern Ireland was confirmed by the modelling as a major dividing line between sites possessing exclusively northern or southern source regions for offshore IRD. During Heinrich events 1 and 2, the cores show evidence of a proportion of North American IRD, more particularly to the south of the British Isles. Modelling supports this southern bias for likely Heinrich impact, but also suggests North American IRD will only reach the British margin in unusual circumstances. (c) 2021 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Automated summary

The study found significant regional differences in the changes of the British and Irish Ice Sheet during the Late Quaternary, and validated the changes in offshore ice-rafted debris through simulation and observation. The modeling results suggest that during Heinrich events, North American ice-rafted debris may flow into the southern European margin.