Article
Oncology
Laura Mansi, Laurie Spehner, Etienne Daguindau, Kevin Bouiller, Hamadi Almotlak, Ulrich Stein, Adeline Bouard, Stefano Kim, Elodie Klajer, Marine Jary, Guillaume Meynard, Angelique Vienot, Charlee Nardin, Fernando Bazan, Quentin Lepiller, Virginie Westeel, Olivier Adotevi, Christophe Borg, Marie Kroemer
Summary: Cancer patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 produced a high rate of specific antibodies, but lacked T-cell responses against the virus, indicating a deficiency in protective T-cell immunity. However, their immune memory against common viruses remained intact.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Xi Zhou, Qing Ye
Summary: The severity of COVID-19 is mainly related to host factors, especially cellular immune responses in patients. Treatment recommendations are tailored based on the dynamics of immune responses, including administering appropriate medications at different stages.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Arup Acharjee, Arka Ray, Akanksha Salkar, Surbhi Bihani, Chaitanya Tuckley, Jayanthi Shastri, Sachee Agrawal, Siddhartha Duttagupta, Sanjeeva Srivastava
Summary: Serological diagnostic aids are crucial for clinicians to rapidly and easily predict the severity of COVID-19. In this study, a high-density SARS-CoV-2 proteome peptide microarray was used to identify immunogenic regions in the virus. The researchers discovered several epitopes that could discriminate between disease severity, as well as immunogenic peptides with mutations belonging to SAR-CoV-2 variants. These findings suggest the potential use of severity-based epitopes as prognostic markers and the possibility of diagnosing variant strains using mutant epitopes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin, Yaniv Lustig, Carmit Cohen, Ronen Fluss, Victoria Indenbaum, Sharon Amit, Ram Doolman, Keren Asraf, Ella Mendelson, Arnona Ziv, Carmit Rubin, Laurence Freedman, Yitshak Kreiss, Gili Regev-Yochay
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Dominique Moser, Katharina Biere, Bing Han, Marion Hoerl, Gustav Schelling, Alexander Chouker, Tobias Woehrle
Summary: COVID-19 patients with ARDS show abnormal immune phenotypes and cytokine levels, indicating a potential risk for secondary infections. They demonstrate an increased susceptibility to Aspergillus infection and exhibit aberrant immune response towards Candida albicans.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pi -Ching Hsu, Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 leads to COVID-19 by recognizing ACE2 and TMPRESS2 receptors, causing neurological complications in patients, particularly those with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Immune-mediated cytokines released during SARS-CoV-2 infection damage the central nervous system, resulting in a cytokine storm and CNS damage in COVID-19 patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jira Chansaenroj, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Nawarat Posuwan, Jiratchaya Puenpa, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Manit Sripramote, Piti Chalongviriyalert, Supunee Jirajariyavej, Phatharaporn Kiatpanabhikul, Jatuporn Saiyarin, Chulikorn Soudon, Orawan Thienfaidee, Thitisan Palakawong Na Ayuthaya, Chantapat Brukesawan, Chintana Chirathaworn, Duangnapa Intharasongkroh, Dootchai Chaiwanichsiri, Mila Issarasongkhram, Rungrueng Kitphati, Anek Mungaomklang, Pijaya Nagavajara, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: This study monitored the long-term immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in recovered COVID-19 patients, finding that the anti-N IgG seropositivity rate started to decline 6-12 months after symptom onset. Additionally, the anti-N IgG sample/cutoff index was positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with the interval between symptom onset and blood sampling.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Raquel Fernandez-Moreno, Jorge Valle-Arroyo, Aurora Paez-Vega, Ana Salinas, Angela Cano, Ana B. Perez, Julian Torre-Cisneros, Sara Cantisan
Summary: This study investigates whether patients with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG are able to generate SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells with proliferative capacity upon stimulation. The results showed that the proliferative response of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in patients without detectable antibodies was significantly lower than that in patients with antibodies. This study is helpful for distinguishing convalescent patients and negative controls, as well as identifying patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chang-Sheng Xia, Minghua Zhan, Yudong Liu, Zhi-Hong Yue, Ying Song, Feifei Zhang, Hui Wang
Summary: This study assessed the levels of protective antibodies in SARS survivors with and without the COVID-19 vaccine, and found that SARS survivors have protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 even without vaccination, and generate a stronger antibody response after vaccination compared to controls.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Julius Beer, Stefania Crotta, Angele Breithaupt, Annette Ohnemus, Jan Becker, Benedikt Sachs, Lisa Kern, Miriam Llorian, Nadine Ebert, Fabien Labroussaa, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Bettina Salome Trueeb, Joerg Jores, Volker Thiel, Martin Beer, Jonas Fuchs, Georg Kochs, Andreas Wack, Martin Schwemmle, Daniel Schnepf
Summary: The study reveals that advanced age is correlated with severe COVID-19 due to impaired immune response, specifically the diminished IFN-gamma response and excessive virus replication. It suggests that immunotherapy combining IFN-gamma and IFN-lambda could benefit highly vulnerable individuals.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
K. L. Juliette Schmidt, Noel M. M. Dautzenberg, Peter M. Hoogerbrugge, Caroline A. Lindemans, Stefan Nierkens, Gaby Smits, Rob S. Van Binnendijk, Louis J. Bont, Wim J. E. Tissing
Summary: This study examines the antibody and T-cell response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children with cancer. The findings show that good antibody response ranges from 39.3% to 94.4% and good T-cell response ranges from 73.7% to 100% in vaccinated participants. A 3-dose vaccination series effectively boosts antibody levels and is valuable for patients undergoing cancer treatment.
Article
Immunology
Simona Arientova, Katerina Matuskova, Oldrich Bartos, Michal Holub, Ondrej Beran
Summary: This study examined the dynamics and duration of immune responses after a three-dose regimen of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. The results showed that the vaccine induced potent and enduring humoral and cellular immune responses, with enhanced protection after the third dose that remained stable up to a year later.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Alessandra Vergori, Antonio Boschini, Stefania Notari, Patrizia Lorenzini, Concetta Castilletti, Francesca Colavita, Giulia Matusali, Eleonora Tartaglia, Roberta Gagliardini, Andrea Boschi, Eleonora Cimini, Markus Maeurer, Pierluca Piselli, Leila Angeli, Andrea Antinori, Chiara Agrati, Enrico Girardi
Summary: The study aimed to describe the clinical and immunological outcomes of advanced HIV patients with a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The results suggest that HIV infection does not negatively impact COVID-19-related inflammatory state and immunity.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mladen Jergovic, Christopher P. Coplen, Jennifer L. Uhrlaub, Janko Nikolich-Zugich
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, the third highly pathogenic coronavirus to emerge in the human population in the last two decades, shows age-dependent pathology with more severe symptoms and mortality in older and frail humans. Infectious diseases have always been a major cause of death in older adults, whose immune function tends to decline with age.
JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Dmitry Kudlay, Ilya Kofiadi, Musa Khaitov
Summary: Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, especially the T cell response, is crucial for vaccine development and disease control strategies. This review summarizes studies on the immune response to coronavirus infections, provides insights into T cell components, and presents the most informative methods for assessing the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giorgio Bozzi, Lavinia Fabeni, Isabella Abbate, Giulia Berno, Antonio Muscatello, Lucia Taramasso, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Silvia Nozza, Giuseppe Tambussi, Stefano Rusconi, Andrea Giacomelli, Emanuele Foca, Carmela Pinnetti, Gabriella D'Ettorre, Cristina Mussini, Vanni Borghi, Benedetto Maurizio Celesia, Giordano Madeddu, Antonio Di Biagio, Diego Ripamonti, Nicola Squillace, Andrea Antinori, Andrea Gori, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Alessandra Bandera
Summary: This study found that diverse non-B subtypes made a significant contribution to the formation of transmission clusters among individuals with primary HIV-1 infection in Italy.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Giuseppina Brancaccio, Milensu Shanyinde, Massimo Puoti, Giovanni B. Gaeta, Antonella D'Arminio Monforte, Alessandra Vergori, Stefano Rusconi, Antonio Mazzarelli, Antonella Castagna, Andrea Antinori, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and clinical outcome of HDV infection among PLWH and found that HDV infection is underdiagnosed and associated with an increased risk of liver disease progression. Early identification of HDV infection in PLWH is crucial.
PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
A. Cingolani, A. Tavelli, G. V. Calvino, F. Maggiolo, E. Girardi, A. Cozzi-Lepri, A. Perziano, P. Meli, A. Camposeragna, S. Mattioli, D. Calzavara, R. Gagliardini, S. Nozza, A. Antinori, A. d'Arminio Monforte
Summary: Discrepancies in awareness and perception of the accuracy of the "U = U" (undetectable = untransmittable) message exist among PLWHA and physicians, indicating a lack of confidence in the community regarding the message itself.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ivana Palucci, Alessandro Salustri, Flavio De Maio, Maria del Carmen Pereyra Boza, Francesco Paglione, Michela Sali, Luca Occhigrossi, Manuela D'Eletto, Federica Rossin, Delia Goletti, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Mauro Piacentini, Giovanni Delogu
Summary: This study aimed to test the potential activity of cysteamine and cystamine against Mycobacterium abscessus. The results showed that these drugs restricted the growth of M. abscessus in human macrophages and had enhanced activity when combined with amikacin. The treatment with these drugs was more effective against MAB-S infection and reduced the inflammatory response triggered by MAB-R infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandra Aiello, Andrea Coppola, Serena Ruggieri, Chiara Farroni, Anna Maria Gerarda Altera, Andrea Salmi, Valentina Vanini, Gilda Cuzzi, Linda Petrone, Silvia Meschi, Daniele Lapa, Aurora Bettini, Shalom Haggiag, Luca Prosperini, Simonetta Galgani, Maria Esmeralda Quartuccio, Nazario Bevilacqua, Anna Rosa Garbuglia, Chiara Agrati, Vincenzo Puro, Carla Tortorella, Claudio Gasperini, Emanuele Nicastri, Delia Goletti
Summary: COVID-19 vaccine booster strengthens humoral and Th1-cell responses and increases T-EM cells in patients with multiple sclerosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Andrea Antinori, Alessandra Vergori, Diego Ripamonti, Daniela Mancusi, Giuliano Rizzardini, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Stefano Rusconi, Vincenzo Esposito, Antonio Cascio, Giancarlo Orofino, Massimo Andreoni, Elio Manzillo, Antonella Castagna, Daniela Mancusi, Roberta Termini, Marianna Portaro, Alessia Uglietti
Summary: The study confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the darunavir-based therapy in real clinical practice for HIV patients. The darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide regimen showed a strong virological response, ensuring long-lasting results.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alessandra Vergori, Giulia Matusali, Alessandro Cozzi Lepri, Eleonora Cimini, Marisa Fusto, Francesca Colavita, Roberta Gagliardini, Stefania Notari, Valentina Mazzotta, Davide Mariotti, Stefania Cicalini, Enrico Girardi, Francesco Vaia, Fabrizio Maggi, Andrea Antinori, HIV VAC Study grp
Summary: The study investigates the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster dose in people living with HIV (PLWH). The results show that the booster dose significantly increases the neutralizing antibody levels against different variants, while the cell-mediated immune response remains stable. Therefore, it is recommended to offer bivalent mRNA vaccine booster doses to PLWH with low CD4 count or previous AIDS, especially in those who have never previously acquired SARS-CoV-2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Valentina Mazzotta, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Simone Lanini, Annalisa Mondi, Fabrizio Carletti, Alessandro Tavelli, Roberta Gagliardini, Serena Vita, Carmela Pinnetti, Camilla Aguglia, Francesca Colavita, Paolo Faccendini, Giulia Matusali, Francesca Faraglia, Alessia Beccacece, Jessica Paulicelli, Enrico Girardi, Emanuele Nicastri, Francesco Vaia, Fabrizio Maggi, Andrea Antinori
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effect of tecovirimat on healing time and viral clearance by using observational data. The results showed no improvement in healing time and no significant difference in viral clearance time between treated and untreated patients. Therefore, the use of tecovirimat should be limited to clinical trial setting until the results of randomized studies are available.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Mattia Trunfio, Carmela Pinnetti, Stefania Arsuffi, Francesca Bai, Luigi Celani, Gabriella D'Ettorre, Jaime H. H. Vera, Antonella D'Arminio Monforte, Emanuele Foca, Valeria Ghisetti, Stefano Bonora, Andrea Antinori, Andrea Calcagno
Summary: The use of specific antiretroviral (ARV) classes, such as protease inhibitors, is associated with a higher risk of cerebrospinal fluid escape (CVE). This study investigated whether archived resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) mediate this relationship in patients treated with incompletely active ARV regimens. The presence of RAMs in the reverse transcriptase gene was associated with an increased risk of CVE.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Virology
Francesco Di Gennaro, Alessandra Vergori, Davide Fiore Bavaro
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gherard Batisti Biffignandi, Ambra Vola, Davide Sassera, Saeid Najafi-Fard, Maria Angeles Gomez Morales, Enrico Brunetti, Antonella Teggi, Delia Goletti, Linda Petrone, Francesca Tamarozzi
Summary: This study used bioinformatics analysis and peptide microarray to identify antigenic peptides for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE). They validated eight candidates, but found that reactivity to one peptide had suboptimal diagnostic accuracy.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Linda Petrone, Alessandro Sette, Rory D. de Vries, Delia Goletti
Summary: Neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses are crucial factors in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. T-cell responses after vaccination are similar to those after natural infection in terms of magnitude and functional capacity, but differ in breadth. T-cell responses provide long-term defense and retain reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, making continuous monitoring necessary.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Milena Aleksova, Yana Todorova, Radoslava Emilova, Magdalena Baymakova, Nina Yancheva, Radina Andonova, Anelia Zasheva, Alba Grifoni, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Maria Nikolova
Summary: Immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for herd immunity and controlling the spread of the virus. This study found that T-cell stem cell-like memory is a better indicator of long-term immune memory than IFN?+ T cells. CD8+ T-SCM remains stable and provides immediate protection, regardless of the initial priming strain.
Article
Cell Biology
Alessandra Romagnoli, Martina Di Rienzo, Elisa Petruccioli, Carmela Fusco, Ivana Palucci, Lucia Micale, Tommaso Mazza, Giovanni Delogu, Giuseppe Merla, Delia Goletti, Mauro Piacentini, Gian Maria Fimia
Summary: In this study, the role of TRIM proteins in the host response to Mtb infection was investigated. TRIM32 was identified as a novel factor involved in the intracellular response to Mtb infection, promoting autophagy-mediated Mtb degradation. Silencing TRIM32 expression in THP1 cells resulted in increased intracellular growth of Mtb, impaired Mtb ubiquitination, reduced recruitment of autophagy proteins to Mtb, and decreased autophagosome formation. These findings suggest that TRIM32 plays an important role in the host response to Mtb infection and could be a promising target for tuberculosis therapies.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alessandra Aiello, Saeid Najafi-Fard, Delia Goletti
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) and Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are the deadliest infectious diseases in humans, causing over 11 million deaths worldwide in the past 3 years. While they share similarities such as transmission, primary target, symptoms, and diagnostic tools, they differ in aspects such as incubation period, involvement of immune cells, persistence, and immunopathological response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
