An updated review on exosomes: biosynthesis to clinical applications

Exosomes are membrane-based extracellular vesicles naturally released by the cells. Nano size range of exosomes and unique properties such as stability, biocompatibility and low immunogenicity are key parameters, which make them suitable as nanoparticulate drug delivery system and also considered as promising delivery carriers for future clinical use. This review outlines the composition, biogenesis, isolation and characterisation methods along with biological and clinical applications of exosomes. Further, the biopharmaceutical features of exosomes include loading method, modified exosomes and potential use of exosomes for different diseases are well explained with the current case studies. We well elaborate the future directions for clinical use of exosomes as drug delivery platforms.

Automated summary

Exosomes are naturally released membrane-based extracellular vesicles that have a nano size range and unique properties, making them suitable for drug delivery systems and as delivery carriers. This review outlines the composition, biogenesis, isolation and characterization methods, biological and clinical applications, and biopharmaceutical features of exosomes, and also elaborates on potential future clinical directions for their use as drug delivery platforms.